2024年中考英语二轮复习 专题八 动词和动词短语

中考英语二轮复习专题八动词和动词短语目录01.考点分析02.模拟考题01考点分析考点1

动词实义动词

实义动词也叫行为动词，有实在意义，能独立作谓语。按其句法功能可分为及物动词和不及物动词，按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。1.及物动词

及物动词本身意义不完整，需接宾语才能使其意思表达完整。及物动词常用于以下几种结构中：（1）主语+及物动词+宾语I

often

play

soccer

after

school.（2）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语He

wanted

to

buy

his

father

a

new

pair

of

shoes.（3）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语●They

consider

him

the

best

writer.

●Mr.

Li

encouraged

me

to

study

hard.2.不及物动词

不及物动词本身意义完整，无须接宾语，构成"主语+谓语"的句型，若要跟宾语，其后必须加上相应的介词，构成"主语+谓语+介词+宾语"的句型。如：We

should

listen

to

the

teacher

carefully.3.延续性动词与非延续性动词（1）延续性动词也叫持续性动词，表示动作是可以持续的，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：work、

live、

keep、

study、

sleep、

rain、

lie、

know、

read等。You

can

keep

the

dictionary

for

three

weeks.（2）非延续性动词也叫短暂性动词，表示瞬间动作，动作一旦发生立即结束，一般不和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：come、

go、

begin、

close、

die、

borrow、

stop、

receive等。系动词

系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，其后必须接表语，构成系表结构，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。具体分类如下：类别功能例词状态系动词表示主语所处的状态be感官系动词表示人体感官的系动词taste,

smell,

sound,

look,

feel类别功能例词表象系动词表示看起来/似乎处于某种状态appear,

seem变化系动词表示主语由一种状态变换到另一种状态go,

get,

turn,

grow,

become持续系动词表示主语持续或保持某种身份或状态keep,stay,remain,

stand续表助动词

英语中的助动词有be

（is,

am,

are,

was,

were,

being,

been）、

do

（does,

did）、

have/has、

shall、

will等。助动词本身没有意义或意义不完整，不可单独作谓语，只能和它后面的动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数，还可构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。情态动词

情态动词本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情感和态度，不可单独作谓语，必须和其他动词连用构成谓语。1.can和could的用法can表示能力，意为"能,会"。如：Mary

can

speak

three

languages.表示请求、许可，意为"可以"。如：Can

I

take

the

book

home?表示推测，意为"可能"，常用于否定句和疑问句。如：The

boy

can't

be

Tom.

I

saw

him

reading

in

the

library

just

now.［2022海南中考］couldcan的过去式，表示过去的能力，意为"能，会"。如：He

could

ride

the

horse

at

the

age

of

six.用于疑问句，表示委婉地提出请求，语气比can更委婉。如：Could

you

lend

me

your

dictionary?表示不大的可能性。如：It

could

be

his

eraser,

but

I'm

not

sure.续表2.may和might的用法may表示请求、许可，意为"可以"。如：You

may

leave

now.表示推测，意为"可能，也许"，常用于肯定句。如：This

watch

may

be

Cindy's.

She

likes

pink

best.might表示请求、许可，意为"可以"，语气比may更委婉。如：Might

I

ask

you

a

question?表示推测，意为"可能"，可能性低于may。如：He

is

away

from

school.

He

might

be

sick.may的过去式，意为"可能"。如：She

was

worried

that

we

might

get

hurt.3.must、

have

to和need的用法must表示义务，意为"必须"；否定形式为mustn't，意为"禁止，不准"。如：●We

must

do

something

to

protect

the

planet.●Children

mustn't

play

with

fire.表示推测，意为"一定，肯定"，用于肯定句。如：This

toy

truck

must

belong

to

Tom.

He

was

the

only

little

kid

at

the

picnic.have

to意为"必须，不得不"，用于强调客观需要。如：My

mother

is

ill.

I

have

to

look

after

her

at

home.need常用于疑问句，意为"需要"。如：Need

I

leave

now?否定形式为needn't，意为"不必"。如：You

needn't

worry

about

Jim.

He

is

not

a

child

any

more.续表4.should和had

better的用法should意为"应该"，表示责任和义务或劝告和建议。如：You

should

get

up

earlier.had

better意为"最好"，表示建议。如：You'd

better

stay

at

home

when

it

rains

hard.5.shall、

will和would的用法shall在疑问句中同I和we连用，表示提出或征求对方意见。如：Shall

we

go

hiking

tomorrow

morning?will/would两者都可表示客气地提出请求，would比will更委婉。如：Would

you

tell

me

the

way

to

the

bank?表示意愿、意志或打算，可用于多种人称。如：The

man

would

not

let

her

enter

the

hall.得分巧记●由Must引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答用"Yes,

...must."；否定回答用"No,

...needn't/don't

have

to."。●由May引出的一般疑问句，常与第一人称I连用，肯定回答用"Yes,

you

may."；否定回答用"No,

you

can't/mustn't."。考点2

动词短语常见的动词短语类型1.动词+介词dream

of梦想

laugh

at嘲笑think

about考虑

depend

on依靠

get

to到达

listen

to听

be

against反对

count

on指望

be

for

支持

wait

for等待

arrive

in/at到达

agree

with赞成

2.动词+副词grow

up长大

turn

off关闭

eat

up吃光put

off推迟

set

out

出发

look

out当心

stay

up熬夜

pick

up捡起pull

together同心协力续表3.动词+名词make

mistakes犯错误

take

photos照相

lose

heart丧失信心

make

progress取得进步

take

chances碰运气

take

care当心

take

place发生

make

sense有道理续表4.动词+副词+介词catch

up

with赶上

come

up

with提出

get

along

with与……相处融洽

look

forward

to期望

date

back

to追溯到

live

up

to不辜负

look

down

on看不起

run

out

of

用完续表5.动词+名词+介词make

fun

of取笑

pay

attention

to注意

take

care

of照顾

make

use

of利用take

pride

in为……感到自豪6.动词+介词+名词go

to

school去上学

go

to

bed去睡觉

keep

in

mind记住续表常见的动词短语归纳1.look短语look

at看

look

for寻找

look

up查阅；向上看

look

around环顾

look

back回顾

look

after照顾

look

through浏览

look

over查看，检查2.turn短语turn

on打开

turn

up调高，出现

turn

out结果是

turn

to

求助于turn

down调低，拒绝3.put短语put

up张贴，搭建

put

away把……收起来

put

on穿上

put

down写下，放下put

back放回（原处）

put

out熄灭4.give短语give

up放弃

give

away捐赠

give

off发出（光、热等）

give

out分发give

in屈服，让步续表5.take短语take

off脱掉，起飞

take

out取出，拿出

take

up占据，开始从事

take

in吸收；吸入；吞入

take

down拆除；往下拽；记下

take

away拿走，带走take

after（长相、举止或性格）像

take

on呈现，具有（特征、外观等）续表6.get短语get

up起床

get

over从（不快或疾病）中恢复，克服

get

on进展，上（车、船等）get

together相聚

get

off下（车、船等）

get

ready

for为……作准备续表7.come短语come

across偶然遇见，偶然发现

come

out出版，发行，出现

come

along出现，跟随，进展

come

over来访，拜访

come

on加油，快点

come

true（梦想等）实现come

back回来，恢复续表8.fall短语fall

over被……绊倒，倒下

fall

off脱落，下降

fall

behind落后于

fall

down倒塌，跌倒

fall

asleep入睡续表9.go短语go

off（警报器等）突发巨响，停止运作

go

on继续

go

away离开

go

by（时间）流逝

go

over仔细检查go

up上升，增长

go

after追求，追赶go

out出去，熄灭

go

down下降，倒下

续表10.have短语have

a

look看一看

have

a

cold感冒

have

a

rest休息have

confidence

in

对……有信心

have

an

interest

in

对……感兴趣续表11.keep短语keep

off（使）不接近

keep

in

touch

with和……保持联系

keep

away

from远离

keep

up

with跟上

keep

on继续

keep

out防止进入续表12.make短语make

up组成，构成；化妆；编造

make

a

decision作出决定

make

the

bed铺床make

a

difference有作用make

a

promise作出承诺make

friends

with和……交朋友续表13.think短语think

of考虑到；关心

think

up想出

think

out认真考虑

think

back回想起think

over仔细考虑续表02模拟考题语境小测1.[2023南通中考]

—Our

English

teacher

is

very

confident.

And

he

is

always

ready

to

___

a

challenge.—So

he

is.

We

all

like

him.DA.touch

B.choose

C.discuss

D.accept2.[2023哈尔滨中考改编]

Tom

Sawyer

is

my

favorite

book.

It

___

me

nearly

30

yuan.BA.spent

B.cost

C.paid

D.took3.[2023成都中考改编]

Your

answer

___

be

right,

but

I'm

going

to

check

to

make

sure.BA.can't

B.might

C.must

D.need4.[2023长春中考]

My

friend

can

always

___

good

ideas

to

solve

his

problems.DA.keep

away

from

B.take

care

of

C.get

on

with

D.come

up

with5.[2023沈阳中考]

When

autumn

comes,

leaves

start

to

___

from

the

trees.BA.grow

B.fall

C.appear

D.come6.Most

neighbours

___

the

habit

of

square

dancing

to

create

a

quieter

environment

for

us.BA.get

into

B.give

up

C.carry

on

D.care

about7.—I'd

like

a

birthday

present

for

my

mother.—What

about

this

scarf?

It

is

beautiful

and

it

___

soft

and

warm.DA.tastes

B.looks

C.seems

D.feels8.[2023云南中考]

—Excuse

me,

may

I

use

my

phone

now?—Sorry,

you

___.

The

plane

is

taking

off.DA.need

B.needn't

C.can

D.can't9.[2023菏泽中考改编]

—Can

you

___

what

our

life

will

be

like

in

100

years?—Yes.

Everybody

can

travel

to

the

moon

freely.AA.imagine

B.produce

C.improve

D.encourage10.［原创新题］Jessica

is

so

helpful

that

she

always

___

our

cat

when

we're

on

holiday.CA.finds

out

B.hears

from

C.looks

after

D.puts

up11.[2023咸宁中考]

—How

beautiful

the

paper

cutting

is!

Who

made

it?—It

___

be

Linda.

She's

the

only

one

that

can

make

it

in

our

class.AA.must

B.would

C.can

D.could12.History

is

the

best

textbook.

We

will

move

forward,

but

we

___

never

forget

what

we

have

experienced.BA.need

B.should

C.might

D.can13.[2023青岛中考]

—Are

you

ready

for

the

show?—No.

It's

easy

to

___

a

play

but

difficult

to

act

it

out.AA.make

up

B.take

up

C.look

up

D.put

up14.[2023唐山模拟]

Dad,

you

___

drive

me

to

the

sports

center

this

afternoon.

Mary

and

I

will

walk

there

together.AA.needn't

B.can't

C.mustn't

D.shouldn't15.［原创新题］Tim

has

developed

the

good

habit

of

___

things

after

using

them.DA.sticking

to

B.setting

up

C.pulling

down

D.putting

away语篇提升

阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。[2023宜昌中考改编]

stick

clear

write

would

want

tell

forgetread

improve

be

I

do

believe

the

power

of

letters.

There's

something

special

about

handwritten

things.

You

1.______

an

email

because

there's

something

you

need

to

know.

But

you

write

a

letter

because

there's

something

you

2.______

to

say.writewant

When

I

3.________

my

grandmother's

house,

I

found

hundreds

of

letters

and

cards

she

had

kept,

and

they

told

the

story

of

her

relationships.

There

were

many

letters

from

her

mother.

Sitting

and

4.________

them,

I

knew

her

well

through

the

words.

Sometimes

r