Poems教案人教版课程标准实验教材(英语选修7 第2 单元)知识讲解

Poems教案

人教版课程标准实验教材(英语选修7第2单元)知识讲解

第二单元

1.appear(1)意为“出现，呈现”，不及物动词，无被动态，其反义词为

disappear不及物动词，无被动态

Itappearstobe/that/asif…和appear+介词短语

Arainbowappearedintheskyaftertherain.Weexpectedhimtocome

atsevenbuthedidn'tappearuntileight.

Hernewbookwillappearinthebookshopsverysoon.HesaidIwould

neverappearontheair.Heappearedill.

Heappeared(tobe)willingtogowithme.Heappearedtohaveseenthe

film.Itappearedtomethatyouareright.

(2)意为“似乎，好像，显得”不用于进行时。Youdon'tappeartocare

muchformusic.

Sheappears(tobe)anhonestgirl.Itappearsasiftheyhavelost

interestinEnglish.

appear,look,与seem的异同：(1)appear指根据事物的表面现象而作出

的判断，暗含事实上并非如此之意。

(2)look指凭视觉印象而作出的判断，实际上也可能如此。Helookedasif

hewasworryingaboutsomething.(正)

(3)seem是指暗含有一定根据的，往往接近事实的判断，强调内心的感受。

Hishealthseemstobebetter.

它们之后都可以接名词、形容词、tobe不定式等结构，通常可以互换，但

下列情况下不可互换。

①look,seem之后可接like短语，而appear不能。

look可用于进行时态而appear,seem不能，look,seem之后可接asif

(though)引导的从句，而appear不能。

②appear,seem之后可接that从句，而look不能。Itseemed(appeared)

that/asifhewasill.

appear,seem之后可接实义动词的不定式，而look不能。

appear,seem可用于therebe结构中而look不能。

Thegreenleavesappeared/looked/seemed(tobe)morebeautifulafter

therain.

Itseems/lookslikeyearssinceIlastmetyou.Sheislookingquite

adifferentpersonnow.

Itseems/looksasifheknewnothingabouthisnewfriend.Itappears

/seemsthatwehavemissedourchance.

Sheappears/seemstohavemissedthethirdactoftheplay.There

appears/seemstobeamistakeinthesefigures.

Doletyourmotherknowthetruth.Sheappears_everything.Atotell

BtobetoldCtobetellingDtohavebeentold

2certain(1)作前置定语，意为“某个，某些“Therearecertain

reasonswhythisinformationcan,tbemadepublic.

Drinkingisforbiddenincertaincountries.AcertainMsJonesphoned

youtoday.ImetMr.Zhangatacertainplace.

(2)意为“确定的，有把握的”用法相当于sure一般可互换。但在Itis

certainthat句型中只能用certain

besureofsthI'msureofthevictory.

surebesuretodosthWearesuretowinthematch.

besurethatI'msurethathecancomeontime.

3experiment(1)n”试验，实验”常用词组：make/perform/carryout/

conductanexperiment进行试验/实验

Ithasbeenprovedbyexperimentthattheatomcanbedividedagain.

Welearnedthetruthbyexperiment.

(2)viexperimentwith测试，尝试Theteacherexperimentedwithanew

teachingmethod.

Theyexperimentedwithnewmaterialsexperimenton用…做实验

Theresearchersexperimentonrats.Manypeopledisapproveof

experimentingonanimals.

4absent(1)缺席的，不在场的(+from)beabsentfromschool/ameeting

/work不上学/不到会/缺勤

Threemembersoftheclasswereabsentthismorning.

Heisabsentonbusiness.他因事缺席。HeisabsentfromHongKong.

他不在香港。

(2)不在意的，漫不经心的，心不在焉的anabsentexpression/look茫然

的表情/样子anabsentlookonhisface

Helookedatmeinanabsentway.他茫然地望着我。Hehadanabsentlook

onhisface.他脸上露出心不在焉的神色。

absence(n)absenceofmind心不在焉的inone'sabsence=intheabsence

ofsb在背地里，在某人不在时

Heoftenspeaksill/poorlyofyouinyourabsence.Intheabsenceof

themanager,Ishallbeincharge.

Behaveyourselfduringmyabsence.我不在时,你规矩点。

Isoonnoticedhisabsencefromschool.

(3)缺少的，不存在的Snowisabsentinhiscountry.他的国家不下雪。

(4)vt.不在；缺席Whydidyouabsentyourselffromschoolyesterday?

昨天你为何不到校？

absent的反义词是present出席的，在场的Howmanypeoplewerepresentat

themeeting?到会的有多少人？

5persuade说服(成功地说服了某人做某事)如果表示说而不服用tryto

persuadesbtodosth或advisesbtodosth

常见用法persuadesbtodosthpersuadesbintodoingsthpersuadesb

that-clausepersuadesboutofdoingsth

(1.)说服，劝服(+into/outof)/(+sbtodosth.)Shepersuadedmeinto

buyingit.她说服我买下了它。

Thesalesmanpersuadedustobuyhisproduct.那个推销员说服了我们买

他的产品。

Hepersuadedhertogotoschool,eventhoughshedidnotwantto.

即使她不想去上学，他还是说服她去。

Hepersuadedhertogo/intogoingwithhim.Ipersuadedhimoutof

smoking.

ShepersuadedherfathertochangehismindHepersuadedmethatdeath

doesnotendall.死不能使一切结束

ManytimesItriedtopersuadehimtotakethejob,butIfailed.

Iadvisedhimtodoitbuthewouldn,t.=Itriedtopersuadehimto

doitbuthewouldn,t.

(2).使某人相信(+of)/(+that)HowcanIpersuadeyouofmysincerity?

我怎样才能使你相信我的诚意呢？

Weworkedhardtopersuadethemthatweweregenuinelyinterestedin

theproject.

我们想尽办法以使他们相信我们确实对这一计划感兴趣。

6embarrass(v)”使(某人)觉得不自在、尴尬或害羞"Areyoutryingto

embarrassme?

Iwasembarrassedbyhiscommentsaboutmyclothes.他评价我的衣服

使我难堪。

Idon'tlikemakingspeechesinpublic；foritisembarrassing.我

不喜欢在公众面前讲话，太难为情了。

embarrassment(n)尴尬embarrassing(adj)令人尴尬/局促不安/为难的

embarrassed(adj)觉得不好意思的，发窘的

Hefeltbyhislackofmoneywhenhisfriendaskedhim

forhelp.

7Itwasdisturbingandfrighteningthathelookedsohuman.主语从

句it为形式主语

Itwasclearthattheyhadnodesireforpeace.ItseemsthatLaoWu'

sideaismorepractical.

IthappenedthatIwasn'ttherethatday.类似用法：

(1)It'sapity/ashame/goodnews/anhonor/agoodthingthat…

(2)It'sstrange/natural/surprising/true/funny/wonderful/likely

/possible/probable,,•that….

(3)Itseems/happened/suddenlystruckmethat…

(4)Itwassaid/reported/announced/expected/arrangedthat…

(5)Itisdoubtful/notdecided/notmadeclear/tobedecided/a

question+连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。

(6)Itdoesn,tmatter/doesn,tmaketoomuchdifference+连接代词

或连接副词引导的从句。

7want(1)v”要，想要，希望"want(sb)todosth

want+n/pron

常见用法want+ing形式的主动式，不定式的被动式。(同need,require)

wantsb/sth+过去分词

Theywantabiggerflat.Wedon,twantyoutogetintotrouble.She

wantstogotoItaly.

Iwantit(tobe)doneasquicklyaspossible.Idon'twantthechildren

takenoutinsuchweather.

Theplantswantwateringeveryday.=Theplantswanttobewateredevery

day.

(2)欲望，需要Heisamanoffewwants.Thisbookmeetsalong-felt

want.这本书满足了盼望已久的需要。

Thishouseisinwantofrepair.这所房子该修了。

8elegant高雅的，优雅的anelegantwoman高雅的女士elegantmanners

优美的举止

anelegantpieceoffurniture反义词：inelegantelegance(n)elegantly

(adv)

9reachfor伸手触到，抓到Hereachedforhisgun.Ireachedacross

thetableforthejam.伸手到桌子那端去拿…reachout(tosb/sth)帮忙We

mustreachouttothoseinneed.

beyond/outofreach手不可及，够不到withinreach伸手可及

10allow允许常用搭配：(1)allowsbtodosth(2)allowdoingsth(3)

allow+n/pron(4)beallowedtodo

Theywon,tallowsuchanaction.Myparentsdon,tallowmetostay

outlate.Wedon,tallowsmokinghere.

Thenurseallowedhimtostaythere,thoughitwasnotpermitted.He

wasallowed.

11accompany(1)v伴随，陪同Willyouaccompanymeindrinkingaglass

ofwine?Pleaseaccompanymeonmywalk.

Thelittlepatientaccompaniedbyhisparentswassittingatthewaiting

room.Lightningusuallyaccompaniesthunder.

(2)v为…伴奏Hermotheraccompaniedheronthepiano.她母亲为她钢

琴伴奏。accompanysbon/atsth

近义词辨析：company公司，伙伴keepsbcompany陪伴，和某人做伴I'11

keepyoucompanywhateverhappens..

Itissaidthatdogswillkeepyoucompanyforaslongaswantwhenyou

arefeelinglonely.

而accompany表示“陪同,一去"Heaccompaniedaforeignvisitortothe

airport,accompanysbto陪某人去•一

12desire(n)渴望，欲望，渴求。后接for短语或不定式

(l)Hehasnodesireforhealth.It'simpossibletosatisfyalltheir

desires.

Hehasastrongdesireforsuccess.二Hehasastrongdesiretosucceed.

(2)v渴望，希望，想要，后接名词、不定式或从句。不用于进行时。

Myparentsdesiremetoenterakeyuniversity.

Hewhodesireshonorisnotworthyofhonor.期望得到荣誉的人不配得到

荣TheygreatlydesiredtocometoChina.

(3)作及物动词，意为“要求，希望”，这时接宾语从句，宾语从句的谓语

动词用should+v原形，should可省去。

Itisdesiredthatthisrule(should)bebroughttotheattentionof

allthemembers.要求这一规定必须引起所有成员…

Peopleexpressedtheirdesirethatthewar(should)cometoanend.The

presidentdesiresthatyou(should)visithim.

Wedesirethathelp___herewithoutdelay.AbesentBissentChas

beensentDwassent

类似用法的词有：demand,insist,require,request,order,recommend

等

13perform(1)vt完成，执行Aswasexpected,heperformedthework

successfully.Thechairmanperformedhisduty.

(2)机器等的运行情况。

Themachinecanperformthreeoperationsatatime.这部机器可同时

进行三种作业。

(3)表示广义的演出，如戏剧、唱歌、演奏、表演戏法等。Tomalso

performedapartintheplay.在剧里也扮演了…

Themonkeyperformedwonderfullyattheshow.猴子在表演中表现得非常

精彩。

14program(1)n程序，安排，节目，规划Heknowsthecomputerprogram

verywell.

IenjoyedthoseTVprogramsverymuch.Thereservoirwillbebuiltunder

thisyear,sprogram.…按照本年度规划…

(2)v编程序Theycanbeprogrammedtocarryoutavarietyofjobs.

Thecomputercanbeprogrammedto1istal]thepeoplewhoareover35.

15carryout开展，贯彻，执行，履行Theplanisbeingcarriedout.

Remembertocarryoutyourpromise.

16character(n)性格，性质，人格品性，特点，人物，字体，文字a

womanofgreatcharacter品格高尚的女人

Hehasastrongcharacter.他是个性格坚强的人。Themaincharacteris

ayoungstudent.主角是个青年学生。

beoutofcharacter不符合(某人)平时的性格beincharacter合乎(某

人）的性格

Theoldhousehadalotofcharacter.这所旧房子很具特色Thisisabook

ofaliterarycharacter.….有文学特色的书。

Heisofgoodcharacter.=Heisamanofgoodcharacter.他是一个品

格好的人。

17position(n)位置，职务，职位,地位，身份，处境，姿势

Thecaptaincheckedtheship'sposition.Heholdsahighpositionin

thegovernment.他在政府机构有很高的职位。

Hegotapositioninthecompany.Thegirlisdrawninastandingposition.

18makeup(n)装扮，穿着Hismakeupisunnatural.

makeup⑴组成Fiftystudentsmakeupourclass.Ourclassismadeup

of50students.(consistsof)

(2)捏造，编造Inordertoescapebeingpunished,hemadeupanexcuse.

(3)化妆，打扮Ittookherhalfanhourtomakeup.Shemadeupher

face.

(4)补上,补做(失去的东西，误了的事情)CanIleaveearlythisafternoon

andmakeuptomorrow?

Becauseyouwereill,youhavetomakeupthefinalexam.Youmustmake

upthemoneyweaskfor.(凑足)

(5)弥补,补偿(以其他方式)Hardworkcanmakeupforalackof

intelligence.

Doyouthinkherbeautycouldmakeupforthestupidity?

19awful(adj)可怕的，过多的，恶劣的awfully(adv)极，非常地Itis

anscene.

Theweatherwasthissummer.Itiscold.天气极冷。

It'sgoingtocostanawfullotofmoney.

20affair(n)事情，事件，情形，事态，事务，恋爱事件/私通事件That's

myaffair,notyours.那是我的事，你少管。

Morethanonepersonhasbeenconcernedinthisaffair.She,shaving

anaffairwithherboss.…有暧昧的关系

Heaskedmehowaffairsstood.他问我情形怎样。

Wearegoingtolookintoaffairs.我们要调查事态。

近义词辨析：(l)affair通常指重大事情或事物，并多用复数，有时也指一

般事情/物

Mindyourownaffairs,foreignaffairscurrentaffairs

(2)thing事情，事物，东西的通称。

不管大事小事，好事坏事均可用thing表示。

thing一般不专指事物

Youmustrememberonething---alwaysbehaveyourself.Allthethings

areinthetruck.

(3)matter可指物质或事情、问题。它还常用来指“麻烦的事情”

Theuniverseiscomposedofmatter.Wehaveseveralmatterstodealwith

atournextmeeting.

Itisnolaughingmatter.这不是开玩笑的事。

Thereisnothingthematterwithher.这件事与她无关。

(4)business作“事情”讲时，一般指公事、正事或商业事务。

Let'sgetdowntoourbusiness.让我们办正事。

HewenttoBeijingonbusiness.他到北京出差去了。

21afterall(1)毕竟，别忘了Don'texpecttoomuchofhim.Afterall

heisonlyachild.

Don,tworryaboutyourson.Afterallhehasgrownup.

(2)终究，还是，虽然…终于…Hedidn,tworkhardbuthepassedthe

examafterall.

Bobthoughthecouldn,tgotothepartybecauseoftoomuchhomework,

buthewentafterall.

Idon,tthinkthejobiswelldone.That'sOK._you'vetriedyour

best.A.AtallB.AfterallC.AllaboveDFirstofall

22declarevt公布，宣布，表明.declarefor/against公开表示支持/反

对declarewaron/against对…宣战

declare+nTheUSdeclaredherindependencein1776.

declare+that从句IdeclaredthatIdidnotsupporttheleader.

declare+n+p.pIdeclaredthemeetingclosed.

declareoneselftobeHedeclaredhimselftoberight.

近义词辨析：declare和announce均表示“声称，宣布“，但前者要比

后者正式。

declare表示正式明白地宣告，尤其是会引起反对的事情的宣告。

announce是表示“宣布”的普通用词，尤其是对大家所关心的或有新闻价

值的事情的宣布。

Theywilldeclaretheresultsoftheelection.Germanydeclaredwar

onFranceon1August1914.

Thegovernmenthasdeclaredwaronilliteracy.政府已宣布要扫除文盲。

Ourteacherwillannouncetheresultsoftheexamination,announceto

thepublicannouncetothemedia

announce与to连用：suggeststhtosbexplainsthtosbannouncesth

tosbreportsthtodosth

Hisactions_himtobeanhonestman.AdeclaredBconsideredCthought

Ddecided

23intime及时，迟早Theycaughtthetrainintime.Ifyoukeepon,

youwillsucceedintime.

aheadoftime提前allthetime一直，始终innotime立刻atatime

一次，每次atonetime曾经，一度atalltimes一直，无论何时atanytime

随时，在任何时候atnotime决不，任何时候都不ontime准时，按时

24strike(struck,struck/stricken)(1)打，击，敲，常表示用力打，

可以是一次或多次Strikewhiletheironishot.

(2)触(礁)，撞Hisheadstruckthetableashefell.

(1)发起进攻/袭击；(灾难，疾病)侵袭

Ourtroopsstrucktheenemycampatdawn.Thisareawasstruckbyan

outbreakofSARS.

(2)擦(火柴)Istruckamatchandheldittohiscigarette.

(3)(钟)敲响Ileftimmediatelytheclockstrucktwelve.Theclockhas

juststrucksix.

(4)(某种想法)突然出现，忽然想到Agoodideastruckthescientist.It

struckmethatweoughttomakeanewplan

(5)给(人)某种印象或感觉，打动，感动某人Howdoestheplanstrikeyou?

Iwasdeeplystruckbyherbeauty.

(6)(n,v)罢工，斗争beonstrikeTheworkersareonstrike.Theyare

strikingforhigherpay.

beat指海浪，棍棒等连续不断地击打,也指心脏跳动Wavesbeattheshore.

Ifeelmyheartbeatingfast.

hit打，击中(指仅击一次)强调击中；另有“袭击，遭受”之意。

behitbynaturaldisasters

hit+sb+ontheback/head打某人的背/头

intheface/chest打某人的脸/胸膛

25ringsb/someplaceup=callsb/someplace给・••打电话Ringupthe

airportandfindoutwhentheplaneleaves.

打电话的表示方法：(1)ringsbup(2)callsbup(3)telephonesb(4)

phonesb(5)givesbaphonecall(6)givesbari

26Assheturnedaround,therestoodGladysClaffern.turnaround=turn

round转过身，转回身

Whentheteacherturnedaround,theybegantowhisper.Theexamination

turnedouteasy.

(1)turnback折回，翻回(2)turnin上交，交回(3)turnout结果是，

生产，出来(4)turnup出现，到达，露面，调大(音量等)(5)turndown拒

绝，不接受，调低/小(6)turnon开(灯等)(7)turnoff关(灯等)(8)turn

over”考虑(某事)"1'vebeenturningtheideaoverinmymind.我心里

一直在考虑这个主意。“把…移交…”turnsbover把…交给警察(9)turnred

withanger引发怒而涨红（10）turnoveranewleaf改过自新，重新做人（11）

turnouttobe结果是，证明是Hisstoryturnedouttobetrue.（12）turnaway

不理，撵走，移开目光（13）turnagainst背叛

Hegottiredandturnedback.Youshouldn'tturnawayyouroldfriends.

Ifsheoffershelp,I'11turnherdown.

Withnoonetoinsuchafrighteningsituation,shefeltveryhelpless.

AturntoBturnonCturnoffDturnover

27Assheturnedaround,therestoodGladysClaffern.therestood此

句为存在结构，常用于这种结构的动词有stand,seemtobe,happentobe,be

likelytobe,live,come,enter,lie等Therehappenedtobenobodyinthe

room.

Thereusedtobeacinemahere.Thereissuretobearestaurantthere.

Thereremainedjusttwentypounds.

Therehappenedtobeawarbetweenherheartandhermind.

Oncetherelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.

Therearelikelytobemoredifficultiesthanyouwerepreparedfor.

sb/sthI'mexpectingatelegraph.我正在等一封电报。

28expecttodosthTheyexpectedtofinishtheworkbyFriday.

sbtodosthSheexpectedustobewaitingforherthere.

Doyouexpectitwillrain?预计…---Yes,Iexpectso.是的，我想会。

29transform（v）转变，转换，改造，使…变形Successandwealth

transformedhiscareer….改变了他的性格。

Asteamenginetransformsheatintopower.Shetransformedtheroomby

paintingit.她粉刷了房间，使它焕然一新

transformation(n)改变，转变transformable(adj)可变形的

30managetodosth设法做成了某事，相当于succeedindoingsth或cope

with做成某事，应付某事

Inspiteoftheseinsults,shemanagednottogetangry,尽管受到这

些侮辱，她还是忍着没发火。

Imanagedtogetupthestairs.Hemanagedtoget100scores.

manageable(adj)能处理的，易管理的manager(n)经理，管理人

management(n)管理，管理部门，主管人员

31free(1)adj自由的，不受约束的afreecountrybefreetodosthset…

free把…释放，给…自由

Youarefreetocomeandgoasyouplease.你来去自由。(2)免费的，免

税的afreeschool公费学校freeofcharge

(3)不受…影响,无…freefromharm/pain不受伤害/无痛苦freeof

weeds无杂草

(4)vt释放，让某人自由TheyarefreedforthesakeofGod.感谢上帝，

他们都被释放了ofreelyfreedom

32sight(1)视力，视觉haveagood/poorsight视力好/差(2)视野

in/withinsightoutofsightatthesightof乍一看catchsightof看到,

发现have/getsightof看到，发现Thecarisstillinsight.

(3)情景，景象，(尤指)奇观，壮观Theflowersarealovelysightin

spring.春天百花盛开，十分艳丽。

Thesunsetisabeautifulsight.日落是很美的景观。

33envy(n)忌妒，羡慕，常用envyofsb或envyof/atsth

Thathedidsoisoutofenvyofmysuccess.出于对我成功的…

Hecouldn,tconcealhisenvyofme/envyatmysuccess.他遮掩不住对

我的忌妒/对我成功的忌妒。

(2)令人忌妒或羡慕的事物Hermanytalentsweretheenvyofallher

friends.她多才多艺，所有的朋友都很羡慕她。

(3)v忌妒或羡慕某人Ihavealwaysenviedyourgoodluck.Ienvyhim

(for)hissuccess.

34leavev(1)离开(某人/某人)Helefthomeinahurry.(2)忘带

某物Ileftthebookinthegarden.

(3)使，••处于・••adjLeavethedooropen.

prepDon,tleaveanyofyourbelongsbehind.I'veleftmybagonthe

bus.

leave+宾语+宾补nHewasleftanorphan

p.pSomethongsarebetterleftunsaid

pres,p.Don,tleavehimwaitingintherain.

Whcithashappened?Whydidyouleavethebabylyingonthefloor?

(4)剩下，留下Howmuchtimewasleft?

(5)adj剩下的，留下的Westillhavetwentyminutesleft.

remaining(adj)作定语时放在所修饰词前Withtheremainingmoneyhecan

onlybuyapieceofbread.

相关短语(1)askforleave(2)onleave(3)asix-weekleave(4)leave

alone丢下…不管，不理会Leavehimalone.

It'sunnaturalforamothertoleaveherchildalonetoenjoyherself.

(5)leavebehind遗留，忘了带Thelightsofthecityweresoonleftbehind.

Heleftagreatfamebehind.(6)leavefor离开去某地(7)leaveout漏掉，

省略

(8)leaveoutanimportantdetail(9)leaveoff停止，中断

35risk(1)v使某人或自己面临危险，后常接n或v-ing

riskone'shealth/fortunate/life冒丧失健康/财富/生命的危险risk

gettingcaughtinastorm

(2)危险，风险(n)atrisk有风险，危险attheriskof冒…的危险run

theriskofdoingsth或takearisk/risks

Heriskedbeingcaughtandkilled.Heriskedhislifewhenhesavedthe

childfromthefire.

Herunstheriskofbeingarrested.Youcan,tgetrichwithouttaking

risks.

36influence(1)(v)影响，对…有作用Theweatherinfluencethecrops.

Don,tbeinfluencedbybadexamples.

(2)U影响力，作用influenceonsththeinfluenceofthemoononthe

tides

theinfluenceofparentsontheirchiIdrentheinfluenceoftheclimate

onagriculturalproduction

haveagood/bad/harmful/beneficialinfluenceonsb'sbehavior

(3)C有影响的人，事Hisfatherisaninfluenceinpolitics.Those

so-calledfriendsofhersareabadinfluenceonher.

(4)Uinfluenceoversb/sth支配力，控制力Hisparentsnolongerhave

anyrealinfluenceoverhim.

influence指间接影响，涉及行为、思想、感情，多指影响无形的事物。

affect仅指影响感情或具体的事物。不可以说affectsbtodo而

influence则可以Influencedbyateacher,Itookupthestudyofmedicine.

Iwasdeeplyaffectedbyhisheroicdeeds.Smokingcanaffectheart.

37compare比较，对照compareAwithB把A和B做比较compareAtoB

把A比作B

comparedwith/to同…比起来,与…相比

Theirpricesarelowcomparedto/withthoseinothershops.Ateacher'

sworkisoftencomparedtoacandle.

Thepoetcompareshislovertoaroseinhispoems.MyEnglishcan,

tcomparewithhis.

It'sarapidincreasecomparedtomostnaturalchanges.Poetslike

tocomparedeathtosleep.

Thetownhaschangedalotwhatitwasbefore.

Weoftenyoungpeopletherisingsun.this

that,andyou'11seewhichisbetter.

withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggeroceandoesn'tseem

bigatall.

ACompareBWhencomparingC.ComparingDWhencompared

theadvancedcountries,westillhavealongwaytogotocatch

upwiththem.

AComparewithBComparetoC.ComparedtoDTobecomparedto

38kind种类(同sort)Whatkindoftreeisit?

Thiskindofbookisinteresting.=Bookofthiskindisinteresting.=

Booksofthiskindareinteresting.

Thosekindofquestionsaredifficult.Thesekindsoftree(s)areeasy

togrow.注意该词的用法：

(1)用单数(指kind)，其后名词可用单数也可用复数。thatkindofapple

thatkindofbooks

(2)用复数，后面名词也用复数。threekindsofknives

(3)用单数，前面的指示代词可用复数，这是口语形式中的一种用法。

thesekindofbooks

相关用法：akindof一种，可以说是kindof有些，有点儿，ofakind

同类的，劣质的Heisakindofgenius.

Helookskindofpale.Theyareofakind.Shemadeusofakind.

39especially(adv)“特别地，尤其”表程度。

specially”专门地”表目的

Heissorrythatyoudon,tlikewhathehasdoneas

hediditforyou.

40testout试验，测试，检查Theytestedoutthenewsportscar.他

们测试了那部新车。

41need(1)可作为情态动词，但通常只用于疑问句和否定句。Youneedn,t

worryaboutme.

Idon,tthinkyouneedworry.SoIneedn,tbethere,needI?MustI

leavenow?No,youneedn,t.

(2)实义动词need+nIneedmoney.

needtodoYouneedtogo.

needsbtodosthIneedyoutohelpme.

needsb/sthdoneIneedmywatchrepaired.

needdoing=needtobedone(物做主语)Mywatchneedsrepairing/tobe

repaired.

Everyoneofusasimplelife.AneedtodoBneedslivingCneeds

toliveDneedlive

42TonywantedtopleaseClairebyhelpinghermakeherselfandherhome

elegant.

bydoingsth表示“方式，方法和手段”by后面的词常表示动作的发出者,

动作、行为的方式或手段，后接名词、动名词，且接名词时不带冠词。with后

面的词表示工具，所接名词带冠词或复数。

Hewaswoundedbyrollingstones.他被滚动的石头砸伤。

Hewaswoundedwithastone.他被人用石头砸伤。

Weseewithoureyesandhearwithourears.Hemadealivingbyselling

vegetables.

43with在句中表示原因和理由。

Hewasabsentwithacold.Shewastremblingwithfear.

with还表示“伴随情况，带在身上，用，依靠”等Comewithme.Don't

playwithhim.

Takeanumbrellawithyou.Withhishelp,wehavefinishedthework.

thefirstappearanceofthesun,thebirdsbegantosing.A.As

B.ForC.WithD.After

44Shescreamed,pushedhimawayandrantoherroomfortherestof

theday.

Rest(n)其余，剩余部分，常与the连用。

在使用therestof时应注意：(1)of之后若为复数名词时，则视为复数，

若为不可数名词则视为单数。

Therestofthefoodisforyou.

MaryandBethwillgotothemovieandtherestofthegirlsaretogo

shopping.

(2)单独使用therest时，所指的如为复数，则视为复数，指不可数名词时

则视为单数。

OneofthebooksiswritteninChineseandtherestarewritteninEnglish.

45fold“拥抱，(手、臂)交叉，折叠”，其反义词为unfoldShehelped

hermother(to)foldnapkins.

Hewasstandingwithhisarmsfolded,hefoldedthechildinherarms.

46morethan(1)相当于notonly/just不止于，不仅是Sheismorethan

ourteacher；sheisourbestfriend.

(2)相当于over超过，多于Therearemorethan50studentsinourclass.

(3)与形容词或副词连用时相当于v