小学英语情态动词知识点及练习

情态动词【知识要点】:情态动词（Modalverbs）本身有一定的词义，表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。情态动词虽然数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列：can(could),may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would)mustnot.情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加"not"。疑问形式是将情态动词提至主语前。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气，委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。【典型例题】:【专题一】:can和could的用法【例1】Canyouliftthisheavybox?(体力)【解析】表示能力(体力、知识、技能)【练习】1.Maryspeakthreelanguages.(知识)2.youskate?(技能)此时可用beableto代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而beableto则有更多的时态。I’llnotbeabletocomethisafternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用beableto,不能用Can。【例2】-----CanIgonow?-----Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.【解析】表示请求和允许。此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。【练习】----Icometoseeyoutomorrow?----Yes,you.----No,you/I’mafraidnot.【例3】Canthisbetrue?【解析】表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。【练习】Thisbedonebyhim.Howthisbetrue?【专题二】may和might的用法：【例1】----Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?----No,youmustn’t.【解析】表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。用MayI...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用CanI...?在口语中更常见。【练习】----Itakethisbookoutoftheroom?----Yes,you.No,you【例2】Mayyousucceed!【解析】用于祈使句,表示祝愿。自我检测(一)用适当的情态动词填空。1.MustIborrowthebookwithmyIDcard?No,you2.Iuseyourcar?Yes,you3.Igohomenow?No,youstayhereandwaitfortheteacher.4.Mymotherisill.Istayathomeandlookafterher.5.Isendanemailtomyfriend.6.Youtakemoreexercise.7.youtellmehowtogettothePark?8.Wehelpeachother.9.youliketogofishingwithme?10.weplayfootballthisafternoon?(二)按要求改写句子。1.Icanrunfast.(否定句)Ifast.2.Youmustreturnthebooknow.(一般疑问句)Ireturnthebooknow?No,you.Hecanplaybasketballwell.(一般疑问句)Hebasketballwell?4.Theymusttakethebooksoutoftheroom.(否定句)Theythebooksoutoftheroom.5.Hewillgetupearly.(否定句）Hegetupearly.(三)选择题。1.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI_______forher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitouD.oughttowriteitout2.—Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.—It_______acomfortablejourney.A.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen3.It’snearlyseveno’clock.Jack_______behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can4.Johnny,you_______playwiththeknife,you_______hurtyourself.A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t;mustD.can’t;shouldn’t5.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_______getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto6.—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—They_______bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need7.—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.—Oh,didyou?You_______withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed8.—AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?—I’mnotsure.I_______gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might9.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_______homewithoutaword.A.mustn’tleaveB.shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave10.—IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthe_______not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may11.Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebags_______beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will12.Iwonderhowhe_______thattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay13.Whenhewasthere,he_______gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might14.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates_______remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall15.How_______yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlyapartofthearticle?A.canB.mustC.needD.may16.—Ihearyou’vegotasetofvaluableAustraliancoin._______Ihavealook?—Yes,certainly.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should●答案解析●、1.needn’t/don’thaveto2.Cancan3.Maymust4.haveto5.will6.should7.can/could8.must/should9.Would10.can(二)1.Can’trun2.Mustneedn’t3.Canplay4.can’ttake5.wouldn’t(三)1.C。“oughtto/shouldhave+过去分词”表示后悔当初该做但却没做某事。“…也许我本该把详细地址写给她的。”2.D。“couldn’thave+过去分词”表示对过去情况的推测。既然小汽车上“已有五人”，且是“设法”才把你带去的，如此拥挤，旅途当然“不可能”舒服。3.C。nearly暗示“时间不早了”，Jack“按理应当(should)随时(atanymoment)”都有可能到达这里。must语气过强;can一般不用于肯定推测;need意义不通，也不用于肯定句。4.B。mustn’t(不许、千万不)表示禁止。may表示可能性。句意为“你千万不要玩刀子，可能会弄伤自己的”。5.D。表示过去具体某次“能够”做成某事只能用was/wereableto而不用could。6.B。should表示按理应当，大概。can一般不用于肯定推测;用might语气太不肯定，顾客可能走掉。7.A。couldhavedone表示本可以做但却没有做的事。句意为“你本来可以住在Barbara那儿的”;而musthavedone只表示有把握的肯定推测，这与前面具有疑问语气的Oh,didyou?不符。8.D。语境明显提示“我可能(might)要去听音乐会”。9.B。表示轻微的责备，句意为“我真的好担心你啊。你当时本不该不说一声就离开家的”。10.D。由“他自己喜欢开车”这