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高考英语复习系列知识

很多同学看了很多语法书,可是觉得自己做题的时候,自己对语法掌握得还不是很好.

当然原因很多.其一就是很多同学在研究语法(这是语法学家做的事情),比如哪些词可以做

主语,背得很熟,可是做题时却用不上.其二就是基本的语法规则没有掌握本站将推出高

考语法复习专题,从高考的角度来讲语法希望对有需要的同学有帮助.

特色:推出一句话语法,一句话语法为语法之精要,在此基础上扩展就可以形成语法体系.

语法复习一:句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句

一、句子成分

(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要

成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句

(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、

代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法:主语由名

词性的词来充当,例如:

Duringthe1990s,Americancountiymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)

WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)

One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(数词)

Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)

Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)

WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)

Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage,(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)

(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放

在主语之后。一句话语法:谓语由动词充当.有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要

么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词.谓语的构成如下:

1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非

常重要.如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系动词加

表语构成。如:Wearestudents.

(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,

get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、

动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法:表语使用形容词,不用副词!例如:

OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)

Isityours?(代词)

Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)

Thespeechisexciting.(分词)

Threetimessevenistwentyone?(数词)

HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)

Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)

Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)

Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副词)注意:副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,

所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词!我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,

这点请大家一定要记住.

Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)

(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。一句话语法:

宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点

非常重要,务必要牢记.例如:

Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)

Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)

Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(数词)

Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)

Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短语)

Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)

Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)

宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.如果

同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子:givemeabook.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.

说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:Theyelectedhimtheir

monitor.

(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,

才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+

宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法:

宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词,例如:

HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)

Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)

Letthefreshairin.(副词)

Youmustn'tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)

Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)

Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)

Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句)

(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一句话语法:定语使用形容词定

语可由以下等成分表示:

Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)

Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)

Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名词)

HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词)

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)

Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)

HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)

(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子(这个就叫状语,一句话语法:状语用副词,

不用形容词),说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:

Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)

Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)

Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短语)

Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)

Waitaminute.(名词)

Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)

状语种类如下:

Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(时间状语)(表示时间就是时间状语,那表示原因的呢?对

喽,就是原因状语)

Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因状语)

Ishallgothereifitdoesn,train.(条件状语)

MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地点状语)

Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)

Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状语)

Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的状语)

Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语)

Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(让步状语)

Iamtallerthanheis.(比较状语)

练习一

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:

1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.

2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.

3.1shallansweryourquestionafterclass.

4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!

5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.

6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.

7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.

8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.

9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.

10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.

11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.

12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.

13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.

14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?

15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.

16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?

17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.

18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.

19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.

20.Theapplestastedsweet.

二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语(一)、谓语(=)、宾语(〜):

Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelping

myDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,so

everydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsof

ourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrow

wheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwo

menworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthe

vegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthe

vegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelsto

differentpartsofthegarden.

三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语(一)、状语(=)、补语(〜):

MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusvery

happy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuch

inmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.

InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.Therearefivedifferenttime

areasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.Howmanydifferent

timeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybest

regardstoyourparents.

四、选择填空:

()1.willleaveforBeijing.

A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow

C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow

()2.Theweather____.

A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcold

C.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold

()3.Theappletasted.

A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet

()4.Hegotupyesterdaymorning.

A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter

()5.Theactorattheageof70.

A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded

()6.wereallverytired,butnoneofwouldstoptotakearest.

A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we

()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch.

A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly

()8.1thinknecessarytolearnEnglishwell.

A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis

()9.Thedogmad.

A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked

()10.1willneverforgetthedayIjoinedthearmy.

A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where

前三题做不做都可以第四题答案:1-5CBDBB6-10ACBAB

大家重点做一下第四题,有些题目比较难(当然是相对于我们刚复习的语法而言,比如第一题

是定语从句,这个我们还没有复习到,所以做不好也是正常的),做完题之后,回过头来再看一下

一句话语法是不是很有用.

语法复习一:句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句

二、简单句、并列句和复合句

(-)句子种类两种分类法

1、按句子的用途可分四利I:

1)陈述句(肯定、否定):Heissixyearsold;Shedidn'thearofyoubefore.

特点:用句号结束一个句子

2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorseven

yearsold?Marycanswim,can'tshe?

疑问句就是问句

3)祈使句:Becareful,boys;Don'ttalkinclass

祈使句:表示命令或者请求.和有没有主语没有关系

4)感叹句:Howclevertheboyis!

还有一个结构是用what,how后面加上的是形容词副词.what后面加上的是名词.

2、按句子的结构可分三种:

1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。

e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.

TomandMikeareAmericanboys.

Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.

2)并列句:由并列连词(and,but,or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起

构成。

要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同.

e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.

Thefutureisbright;Iheroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。

3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语

从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。

有主句和从句构成,在一个句子前面加上连词(当然不是and,but,or了),这个句子就是从句了.

e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.

(-)简单句的五种基本句型

1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g.Heisastudent.

2、主语+不及物动词:e.g.Wework.

3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.

4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):

e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.

5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.

注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。

这是非常重要的,不需要理解,背下来吧

(三)并列句的分类

1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。e.g.

Theteacher'snameisSmith,andthestudent,snameisJohn.

2、表示选择,常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou'llmissthetrain.

3、表示转折,常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwith

thickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.

4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。e.g.AugustisthetimeofIheyearforrive

harvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.

这里大家记住这些连词就够用了.如果一下子记不住这么多,就记一个两个,记住有的时候不

要和自己较劲

(四)高考考点探讨

1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多,但是

在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解,在书面表达中,没有最基本的遣词造句的能力

是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。

2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合

于一体来考查。一个题目,几个考点,是近几年命题的发展趋势。

3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如:and,but,

or,while,以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。

4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起,以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显,

时间从句与条件从句中,如果主句是将来时,从句则用一般式表将来,这一点在高考中经常

考查。

如:Wewillgooutingifitdoesn'traintomorrow。

练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句

一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:

1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.

2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.

3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn'tthere?

4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenin

theevening.

5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.

6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.

7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.

8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn'tit?

9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.

10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.

二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句:

Ihopeyouareverywell().I'mfine,buttired().RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'm

helpingmyDadonthefarm().Augustisthehottestmonthhere().Itisthetimeofyearfor

thericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.C)Sometimeswegoonworkingafter

darkbythelightsofourtractors().WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorth

whereitiscoldertheygrowwheat().Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm().Althoughthe

farmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim().Butheemploysmoremenforthe

harvest().Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden().Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummer

here().Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden().Everyeveningwepumpwater

fromawell().Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden().

MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime().Thesepartiesoftenmakeusvery

happy().Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside().It*sgreat()!Americanseatalotofmeat

—toomuchinmyopinion().Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer().1don't,becauseIhaveto

drivehomeaftertheparty().Inyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasofthe

States().TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheSlates().Inmystatewearefourteenhours

behindBeijingtime().HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina()?Well,Imust

stopandgetsomesleep().Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents().

三、选择填空:重点做

1.Givemeonemoreminute__Filbeabletofinishit.

A.andB.orC.ifD.so

2.It'sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,?

A.hasn'theB.isn'theC.isn'titD.hasn'tit

3.joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!

A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan

4.Letuspass,?

A.shan'tweB.shallweC.won'tweD.willyou

5.1supposehe'sserious,?

A.doIB.don'tIC.isheD.isn'the

6.Youhadbetternotsmokehere,?

A.willyouB.hadyouC.shallyouD.haveyou

7.Trainashardasyoucanyou'llwintheswimmingcompetition.

A.thenB.butC.andD.or

8.Tmsorrytohavetosaythis,youforgottoturnoffthelightswhen

youlefttheroomlastnight.

A.andB.butC.soD.because

9.Johnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and.

A.Henryhasn'ttooB.Henryalsohasnoteither

C.neitherHenryhasD.neitherhasHenry

10.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,

othersenjoyswimming.

A.orB.forC.whileD.so

11.--Doyoufeellikegoingoutwouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?

——rdliketogoout.A.orB.andC.butD.so

12.--”isthetemperaturetoday?^^--"It's38degrees.”

A.WhichB.HowC.HowhotD.Howhigh

13.--Youruncleisn'tanengineer,ishe?----.

A.Yes,heisn'tB.No,heisn'tC.No,heisD.Heis

14.friendlytoeveryone!

A.How,issheB.What,issheC.How,sheisD.What,sheis

15.Marywenttobedearly,shefeltverytired.

A.orB.soC.forD.yet

16.Motheradresswhenshecutherfinger.

A.wasmakingB.makesC.ismakingD.made

17.Helayinbedreadsomethingborrowedfromlibrary.

A.butB.andC.orD.yet

18.——I'dreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo.

----whatyouwantandIcangetitforyou.

A.TellmeB.Ifyouwouldsaytome

C.YouwilltellmeD.Ifyoutellme

19.Asheisstrong,canliftonehundredpounds.

A.yetheB.butheC.andD.he

20.--Ithoughtyouhadanumbrella.----1had,Fvelostit.

A.sinceB.butC.becauseD.so

21.downtheradio——thebaby'sasleepinthenextroom.

A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn

22.——Idon'tlikechicken__fish.

--Idon'tlikechicken____Ilikefishverymuch.

A.and,andB.and,butC.or,andD.or,but

23.——Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?

——I'dliketo,Fmtoobusy.

A.andB.soC.asD.but

24.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffeeshallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?

A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise

25.Shesetoutsoonafterdark__homeanhourlater.

A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived

26.“Can'tyouread?”Marysaidtothenotice.

A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrily

C.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointed

27.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,,infact,Iwas

talkingaboutmydaughter.

A.whomB.whereC.whichD.while

28.itwithmeandI'llseewhatIcando.

A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave

29.--一Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,?----ButIfedityesterday.

A.doyouB.willyouC.didn'tyouD.don'tyou

30.himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.

A.MindB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Watch

四、按要求完成下列句子:

1.Hedarestotellthetruth.(改为否定句)

2.Theyhavelivedhereformorethantenyears.(对画线部分提问)

3.Therewillbeasportsmeetattheendofthismonth,?

(完成反意疑问)

4.Youmustbecarefulwithyourpronunciation.(改为祈使句)

5.Theywentforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening.(改为一般疑问句)

6.Itisaninterestingstory.(改为感叹句)

7.Thismagazinecomesout(出版)everyotherweek.(对画线部分提问)

8.Theycouldhardlybelievehiswords,?(完成反意疑问)

9.Themoonisshiningbrightly.(改为感叹句)

lO.OurEnglishteacherisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass.

(对画线部分提问)

一、1、简单句;2、复合句;3、简单句;4、简单句;5、并列句;6、复合句;7、并列句;

8、复合句;9、简单句;10、简单句

二、

Ihopeyouareverywell(复合句).I'mfine,buttired(简单句).Rightnowitisthesummer

vacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm(并歹峋).Augustisthehottestmonthhere(简单

句).Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.(并歹U句)

Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors(简单句).Wegrowriceinthe

southoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat(并歹U复合句).Wehavea

lotofmachinesonthefarm(简单句).Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomen

workingforhim(复合句).Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest(简单句).Mybrothertakes

careofthevegetablegarden(简单句).Itdoesn^oftenraininthesummerhere(简单句).Asa

result,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden(简单句).Everyeveningwepumpwaterfroma

well(简单句).Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden(简单句).

MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime(简单句).Thesepartiesoftenmake

usveryhappy(简单句).Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside(简单句).It'sgreat(简单句)!

Americanseatalotofmeat-toomuchinmyopinion(简单句).Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer

(简单句).Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty(复合句).Inyourletteryou

askedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates(简单句).Therearefivedifferenttimeareasin

theStates(简单句).InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime(简单句).Howmany

differenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina(简单句)?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep(简单

句).Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents(简单句).

三、1-5ACADD6-10BCBDC11〜15ADBCC16〜20ABADB21〜25DDDCD26〜30ADDBD

四、1.Hedoesn'tdaretotellthetruth.或Hedarenottellthetruth.2.Howlonghavetheylived

here?3.won'tthere4.Becarefulwithyourpronunciation.5.Didtheygoforawalkaftersupper

yesterdayevening?6.Whataninterestingstory(itis)!或Howinterestingthestoryis!7.How

oftendoesthismagazinecomeout?8.couldthey9.Howbrightlythemoonisshining!10.Whois

alwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass?

高考语法复习二、主谓一致

在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一

致。寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。

(一)语法一致原则:语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单

数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm./Tostudy

Englishwellisnoteasy./Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall./Thechildrenwereinthe

classroomtwohoursago./Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.

注意:由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或

what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如:WhatIbought

werethreeEnglishbooks./WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfultoyou.

2、由连接词and或both…and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。如:

LucyandLilyaretwins./SheandIareclassmates./Theboyandthegirlweresurprisedwhen

theyheardthenews./BothsheandheareYoungPioneers.

注意:①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。

如:Thewriterandartisthascome.;/②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,

everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:Everystudentand

everyteacherwasintheroom../Noboyandnogirllikesit.

3、主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,rather

than,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主

语为复数,谓语用复数形式。如:MrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometo

China./NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground./She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.

4>either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词,

都作单数看待。如:Eachofushasanewbook./Everythingaroundusismatter.

注意:①在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语

动词也可用复数。如:Neitherofthetextsis(are)interesting.②若noneof后面的名词是不可

数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都

可以。如:Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.

5、在定语从句时,关系代词that,who,which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词

的数一致。如:Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard./Heistheonlyoneofmyfriends

whoisworkinghard.

6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动

词就用复数形式。这些词有family,class,crowd,committee,population,audience等。如:Class

Fourisonthethirdfloor./ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.

注意:people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.

7、由ualotof,lotsof,plentyof,therestof,themajorityof+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数

或百分数十名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如:

Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom./Therestofthelectureiswonderful./50%ofthe

studentsinourclassaregirls.

注意:anumberof“许多”,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;thenumberof"…的数量”,

主语是number,谓语用单数。

8、在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:Therecomesthebus./Onthewallare

manypictures./Suchistheresult./Sucharethefacts.

(二)逻辑意义一致原则:逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时

主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)。

1、whal,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。如:

Whichisyourbag?/Whichareyourbags?/Allisgoingwell./AllhavegonetoBeijing.

2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,

这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体,如:Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework.

3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数

形式。如:"TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.

4、表数量的短语“oneandahalf”后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式(也

可用复数。如:Oneandahalfapplesis(are)leftonthetable.

5、算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。如:Twelveplus

eightistwenty./Fifty-sixdividedbyeightisseven.

6、一些学科名词是以-ics结尾,如:mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等,

都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形

式。如:Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990./1thinkphysicsisn'teasytostudy.

7^trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the)

pairof等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:Myglassesarebroken./Thepairofshoesunderthe

bedishis.

8、“定冠词the+形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。

(三)就近一致原则:在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。

1、当两个主语由eitheror,neither…nor,whether…or•,,,notonly…buialso连接时,

谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如:Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends./Neitherthey

norheiswhollyright./Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?

2、therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则

应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如:Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom..

注意:Here引导的句子用法同上。

语法复习二、主谓一致

1.1,who____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish.

A.amB.isC.areD.be

key:Awho指的是I;Iam所以whoam

2.Therich____notalwayshappy.

A.areB.isC.hasD.have

key:Athe+adj指一类人,当然用复数了;behappy,所以不用have

3.NeitherTomnorJackandI__hisstudents.

A.areB.amC.isD.was

key:A就近原则;主语是JackandI

4.MaryaswellashersistersChineseinChina.

A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study

key:C句子主语Mary;aswellashersisters不是主语

5.Neithermyfathernor1athome.

A.amB.isC.areD.be

key:A就近原则

6.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoIgoodatpainting.Bothofus

goodpainters.,

A.are;areB.am;amC.am;areD.is;is

key:C第一空就近原则

7.Every*boyandeverygirltoattendtheeveningparty.

A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.like

key:B

8.Over80percentofthepopulationofChinapeasants.

A.wasB.isC.wouldbeD.are

key:Dpopulation这个词指人,谓语用复数;指数字,谓语用单数

9.ThepopulationofChinalargerthanthatof.anyothercountryintheworld.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

key:A

10.Everymeans__triedbutwithoutanyresult.

A.havebeenB.istobeC.aretobeD.hasbeen

key:Dmeans不是复数,是一个单词,意思是方法手段

11.Alice,togetherwithtwoboys,forhavingbrokentherule.

A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunished

key:A

12.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitoraskedtoattendthemeeting

thisafternoon.

A.isB.wasC.areD.isbeing

key:CtheLeaguesecretary和themonitor两个?k;比较:thedoctorandwriteriscoming...

13.Thegreatwriterandprofessor.

A.isanoldmanB.arebotholdmen

C.isanoldmanandayoungmanD.weretwoChinese

key:A

14.There__apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.

A.areB.isC.hasD.have

key:B就近原则

15.Alargenumberofstudentsinourclassgirls.

A.areB.wasC.isD.be

key:Aalargenumberof...很多,相当于many的用法;比较:thenumberof...指的是数字,所以谓

语动词用单数的形式

16.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildrosesmuchifpeople

leavethingsastheyare.

A.doesn11changeB.don'tchangeC.changeD.changed

key:A

17.TheArabianNights__wellknowntotheEnglish.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

key:AtheArabianNights-天方夜谭,这是一本书,谓语动词当然用单数了.

18.ChairmanMao'sworkspublished.

A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.is

key:Bworks著作,作品毛主席选集已经出版了,当然是复数了.

19.Achemicalworks__builtthere.

A.istobeingB.havebeenC.weretoD.hasbeen

key:Dworks工厂

20.TheOlympicGamesheldeveryyears.

A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;five

key:B

21.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostdeveloped

countriesintheworld.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

key:A主语是一个国家

22.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoelected.

A.areB.haveC.hasD.is

key:D比较:Heisoneofthestudentswhoareelected.

23.Theisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthat__asked.

A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeen

key:C

24.Manyaman__cometohelpus.

A.haveB.hasC.isD.are

key:B这个把它背下来

25."All__presentandall____goingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.

A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are

key:A第一个all指所有人;第二个all是情况

26.Thepolicethemurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappeared

inatheatre.

A.issearchingf

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