2024届山东省济南市高考针对性训练(5月)英语试题

绝密☆启用并使用完毕前高考针对性训练英语试题本试卷共10页。满分120分。考试用时100分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWelcometothehands-downBig5gamereserveinSouthAfrica.VolunteeringinourcampintheAfricanbushisdefinitelyarewardingandconvenientwaytohelpyougainasenseofdevotionandsatisfactionwithnoextramaterialrewards.WhytojoinIt'saonce-in-a-lifetimeexperience,whereyougettogivebacktothenaturalenvironmentandthelocalcommunity.Itnotonlyisanextremelysatisfyingfeelingwhenyouknowthatyou'vehelpedtoprotectthisincrediblepartoftheworldforgenerationstocome,butenablesyoutogaininvaluableskillsandknowledgeinconservation.RequirementsPrioritywillbegiventothosecandidateswithgreatpatienceanddevotion.Richexperienceforwildlifeconservationaswellasacertificateinwildlifeprotectionisnotnecessarilyimportant.Refusalgoestoanimalabusers.WhattoexpectWorkingalongsidetrainedforestprotectors,conservationstaffandothervolunteersfromMondaytoFriday(8:30a.m.-4:30p.m.),you'reexpectedtohelpwithfenceguardstokeepanimalssafefrompoachers(偷猎者),feedanimals,andevenhelpcatchanimalsformedicaltreatment.Duringterm-time,youmayalsoworkwiththelocalcommunity,deliveringmealswithnutritiontolocalchildren.EntertainmentAfterwork,you'llhaveplentyoftimetorelaxonthereserve.Bebathedinthesunbythereserve'spool,playafewroundsoftennisorrelaxinthecommonroomwithyournewfriends.Theprogramcontainsvariousovernightshort-distancejourneysinthesurroundingareassuchasPortElizabeth,JeffreysBayandGrahamstown,whereyoucangohiking,windsurfing,whale-watching,horse-ridingandmuchmore.1.Whatwillparticipantsacquireintheprogram?A.Survivalskillsinwilderness. B.Knowledgeofwildlifeprotection.C.Certificatesofanimalconservation. D.Experienceincommunitymanagement.2.Whatshouldavolunteerdointhecamp?A.Givefoodtoanimals. B.Keepanimalsincages.C.Studydiseasesofanimals. D.Trainanimalsforresearch.3.Whatisanadvantageofvolunteeringinthecamp?A.Materialrewardsareplentiful. B.Accommodationsaretop-class.C.Flexibleworkinghoursareallowed. D.Recreationalactivitiesareprovided.BOver40studentswithlowvisionstudyataschoolinGandhinagar,Gujarat.ItwasdesignedbyAnandSonecha,founderofanarchitecturecompany.Featuringabrightyellowentrancedoor,whichstandsoutagainstthewhitewalls,theschoolisdecoratedwithavarietyofsweet-smellingplantseverywhere.Insidetheclassrooms,thewallsfeelsmoothincontrasttotheroughoutsideofthebuilding.Theseallhelpstudentsfamiliarizethemselveswiththeareastraightforwardly,withoutanytrouble.Theschoolprovidesanopenspaceservingasaplatformforthevisually-challengedstudentstoplay,perform,orcelebratefestivalsandthestudentsareeasytoorientthemselvesaccordingtothesound,smell,sightandtouch.“Theideabehindthedesignwastomaketheschoolmoreaccessibletothestudents,”Sonechasays,“TheycomefromremotevillagesandtownsinGujarat,andIameagertohelpthem.”Duringtheconstruction,Sonechausedcontrastingcolorssothatstudentscouldeasilydistinguishbetweentheelements.Bluewasusedforallclassroomdoors,yellowfortheentrancegate,blackforswitchbuttons,andyellowandgreenforthefurniture.Allthesecolorscontrastedwiththewhitewallsoftheschool,helpingthestudentslocatedifferentelements.Differentareasareofdifferentheightandwidth,whichmakesthesoundsandnoiseschangeaccordingtotheecho(回音)producedinthesespaces.Furthermore,hecooperatedwithfellowlandscapearchitectLokendraBalasariatoplantmorethan1,000plantsof37species.Thesesweetplantshavebeengrownnotonlytoleadthechildrentomoveintheschoolthroughsmellbutalsotoattractbutterfliesandbirds,andprovideshade.“Thestructureofthebuildingisdesignedsimilarlytoanyotherschoolbuilding,onlywithafewcleverelements.Myintentionwastoavoidmakingitlookdistinctfromotherschools,”Sonechaexplains,“Ihopethattherearenodifferentschoolsforsuchstudents.Instead,alltheseelementsshouldbeaddedtopublicspacesforthem.Andmyfollow-upeffortsmaybethere.”4.WhydidSonechadesigntheschoolinGandhinagar?A.Toexplorearchitecturestyles. B.Toraisefundsforhiscompany.C.Toofferconveniencetothestudents. D.Toimprovestudents'learningability.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“orient”inParagraph2mean?A.Relax. B.Waken. C.Cheer. D.Direct.6.Howdoestheschoolhelpstudentsperformdailyroutine?A.Byexpandingactivityareas. B.Bystimulatingmultiplesenses.C.Byofferingbehavioralguidelines. D.Bystrengtheningsafetymeasures.7.WhatwillSonechaprobablydointhefuture?A.Promoteaccessibilityinthepublicregions. B.Modernizearchitecturewithsmartdevices.C.Buildspecialschoolsfordisabledstudents. D.Decorateschoolswithtraditionalelements.CLanguagegivesusthepowertodescribecountlessactions,propertiesandrelationsthatcomposeourexperiences,realorimagined.Asforhowlanguageswerecreated,scientistsfoundiconicitymightplayakeyrole.Peoplecan'tbridgelanguagegapandunderstandeachotherwithouticonicity.Whenplayingagameofcharades(猜字谜),weactoutourmeaning,usingourhandsandbodiestodescribethesizesandshapesofobjects.Thekeytothisprocessofformingnewsymbolsistheuseoficonicity.Notlimitedtogesturing,iconicityappearsinourvisualcommunicationtoo.Trafficsigns,foodpackaging,maps...wherevertherearepeoplecommunicating,youwillfindiconicity.Accordingtoourresearch,iconicitymightalsoexistinourvoices.Weorganizedacontestinwhichweinvitedcontestantstorecordasetofsoundstoexpressdifferentmeanings.Thewinnerofthecontestwasdeterminedbyhowwelllistenerscouldguesstheintendedmeaningsofthesoundsbasedonasetofwrittenoptions.Critically,thesoundsthatcontestantssubmittedcouldn'tincludeactualwordsoronomatopoeias(拟声词).Listenerswereremarkablygoodatinterpretingthemeaningsofthesounds.Yet,allofthecontestantsandlistenerswerespeakersofEnglish.Thus,itwaspossiblethatlisteners'successreliedonsomeculturalknowledgethattheysharedwiththespeakers.Didthelistenersalsounderstandthespeakersfromcompletelydifferentculturalbackgrounds?Later,anInternetsurveytranslatedinto25differentlanguageswascarriedout.ParticipantslistenedtoeachsoundfromtheEnglishspeakersandguessedthemeaningbychoosingfromsixwrittenwords.Guessingaccuracyforthedifferentgroupsrangedfrom74percentforEnglishspeakersto34percentforPortuguesespeakers.Itisfarfromperfect,butwellabovethechancerateofeightpercentexpectedbyus.Takentogether,thesestudiesshowthatourcapacityforiconiccommunicationhasplayedacriticalrole.Withoutthisspecialtalent,languagewouldlikelyneverhavegottenofftheground.8.Whichofthefollowingcanexplain“iconicity”?A.Askillinforeignlanguagelearning. B.Theprocessofactingoutourmeanings.C.Theconnectionbetweenformandmeaning. D.Abarrierbetweendifferentlanguagespeakers.9.Whatcanweknowaboutthecontest?A.Itrequiredsoundscontainingmeanings. B.Itswinnerswerecreativeinrecordings.C.Itaimedtoproveiconicityinwords. D.Itsentrieswerefamiliartolisteners.10.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.Englishpronunciationsdiffer. B.Theresearchhasalimitation.C.Theculturalgapisnarrowing. D.Listeningskillsvaryincultures.11.Whatisthesignificanceoftheresearch?A.Clarifyingtheinfluenceofsounds. B.Provingthenecessityofexchanges.C.Uncoveringtheoriginoflanguages. D.Identifyingthefunctionofgestures.DManyofusrememberthefeelingofhavingourbraces(牙套)regularlyadjustedandretightenedatthedentist's.Andinterventionsarebasedentirelyupontheestimateofdentistsandinvolveagreatdealoftrialanderror,whichcanleadtotoomanyvisitstothedentist's.ProfessorErlebenandhisteamcreatedacomputermodelthatcreatesaccurate3Dsimulations(模拟)ofanindividualpatient'sjaw,whichdentistscanusetopredicthowsetsofbracesshouldbedesignedtobeststraightenapatient'steethandplanthebestpossibletreatment.Tocreatethesesimulations,thecomputermodelwasusedtomapsetsofhumanteethaftergettingdetailedCTimagesofteethandthesmall,finestructuresbetweenthejawboneandtheteeth.Thistypeofprecisedigitalsimulationisreferredtoasadigitaltwin,avirtualmodelthatlivesinthecloud.Thevirtualmodelcananswerwhat'shappeningintherealworld,anddosoinstantly.Forexample,onecanaskwhatwouldhappenifyoupushedononetoothandgetanswerswithregardstowhereitwouldmoveandhowitwouldaffectotherteeth.Themodelalsohelpstopredicttheposttreatmenteffect,achieve“visualization”oftreatment,andfacilitatepatientstounderstandtheplanofstraighteningtheirteeth.What'smore,ithasenabledmoreflexibleandconvenientdigitalmedicalfollow-upservices.Theareaofresearchthatusesdigitaltwinsisrelativelynew.“However,weneedtosetupasufficientlybigdatabaseifdigitaltwinsaretoreallytakerootandbenefitthehealthcareindustry,”Erlebensaid,“Inthefuture,thevirtualmodelcanbeusedtoplan,designandimprove,andcanthereforebeusedtooperatecompanies,robots,factoriesandusedmuchmoreintheenergy,healthcareandotherfields.”12.WhatisParagraph1mainlyabout?A.Theprofessionalintegrityofdentists. B.Thecurrentstateofdentaltreatment.C.Theprocedureofretighteningbraces. D.Theinterventionofmoderntechnology.13.Whichwasthefirststepincreating3Dsimulations?A.Predictingtreatmenteffect. B.Designingacomputermodel.C.Drawingtheshapeofamouth. D.Obtainingthedetailsofteeth.14.WhatisProfessorErleben'sattitudetowardsdigitaltwins?A.Doubtful. B.Curious. C.Favorable. D.Dismissive.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Whydigitaltwinsmakeahit B.WherevirtualtreatmentgoesC.Whattroubledentistsencounter D.Howavirtualmodelaidsdentists第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Yogahasbeenaroundforroughly5,000yearsbutitismorepopulartodaythanever.Anestimated300millionpeopleplayyogaworldwide.Expertssayitsaccessibilityandthefactthatyoucanpracticeitanywherearebigreasonswhy.16Yogacanimproveyourpostureandbalance,strengthenbonesandmusclesandkeepyourbackandjointshealthy.17Downward-facingdogcanhelprelievebackpainwhileplank(平板)poseisgoodforbuildingastrongcoreandupperbody.Typicallythefinalpositionofayogaclassisideallydoneforatleastfiveminutes.18Afterthat,youandyourclassmatesusuallyacknowledgeeachotherwithagreeting:Namaste.Manypeopleadoptyogaasaformofexercise.19AsrecordedintheYogaSutras,aclassicyogatext,thephilosophyofyogaisbasedontheideathatthemind,bodyandspiritareone.Thepracticeofyogaconsistsofnotonlyphysicalposturesbutalsomoralguidelines,breathingtechniques,andself-awareness,helpingreduceanxietyandimprovefocus.Itisanapproachtohealthandwell-beingthataimstobringbalanceandharmonytoallaspectsoflife.However,a13-yearU.S.studyfoundthatbetween2001and2014,almost2030,000individualswenttotheemergencyroomwithayoga-relatedinjury.Overstretchingtendstobethemostcommonissue,butseriousinjuries-althoughrare-canhappeneventoadvancedcoaches.A.Differentposesofferdifferentbenefits.B.Thedetailedadvantagesareasfollows.C.Actually,yogaisawayoflifeatitsroots.D.Thisexerciseissaidtostrengthenyourbody.E.Yogaseemsunlikelytosendyoutothehospital.F.Alotofstudieshavebeencarriedoutaboutyoga.G.Theaimofthisposeistosettleyourmindandbody.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Orangechicken,saltandpepperchips,friedrice...MaxBurnslistsseveraltypicalWestern-styleChinesedishesthat21him.ForBurnswhospenthischildhoodinChina,thosecuisinesarefarfrom22.TheyareinventedtosatisfyWesternpreferences.Actually,manyWesternersregardthatparticulartypeof23asthewholeofChinesecuisine.TheaverageWesternersarenotas24andeducatedastheycouldbe.ThatiswhyhetriestoshowChinesefoodbyvlogging(视频博客)about25Chinesedishesathome.ThefoodadventurehashelpedBurnsgrowintoan26withoverthreemillionsubscribersworldwidetodayandhelped27somepeople'sideasaboutChinesefood.Hisfriendstoldhimtheywereshockedbythe28ofChinesecuisineandittookthemalongtimetofigureoutcategoriesofChinesecuisine.29,whenBurnsfirststartedvloggingin2016afterreturningtoEngland,cookingChinesefoodathomewasathen“30idea”,becausehewasneverintocooking.Atthetime,the31centeredmoreonexplainingaspectsofChineseculture.However,duringCOVID-19whenBurnscouldn't32outside,hehadtolearntocook.“ThenIinstantlyellinlove,”he33.“ThemoreIlearnedaboutChinesecooking,themoreIgotintoit.”Thecookingjourneyalsoservestomaintainhis34withChina,eventhoughhehasleftChinaforyears.Burns35theexperiencesoflivinginChina,enablinghimtoteachaboutChinesecuisineandbuildacross-culturalbridgebetweentheEastandtheWest.21.A.attract B.disappoint C.puzzle D.scare22.A.nutritious B.simple C.genuine D.organic23.A.material B.dessert C.restaurant D.fare24.A.motivated B.treated C.informed D.recognized25.A.making B.ordering C.serving D.ranking26.A.influencer B.amateur C.employer D.organizer27.A.consider B.assess C.overlook D.shift28.A.diversity B.significance C.popularity D.impact29.A.Consequently B.Interestingly C.Ultimately D.Obviously30.A.negative B.practical C.stupid D.brilliant31.A.courses B.surveys C.tests D.videos32.A.dine B.film C.exercise D.work33.A.defends B.recalls C.comments D.responds34.A.business B.argument C.difference D.connection35.A.imagines B.evaluates C.appreciates D.describes第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WhenwethinkoftheSilkRoad,thefirstthingthatappearsinpeople'smindsistrade.However,tradeisn'tjustlimitedtogoods36includesculture.Sinceancienttimes,strongconnectionsbetweentheChineseandtheTurkishpeople37(build)byculturalexchangealongtheSilkRoad.SomehistoriansbelieveKaragoz,Turkishtraditionalshadowpuppetry(皮影),drew38(inspire)fromChineseshadowpuppetryart.Karagozoriginally39(find)itsplaceinBursa,acityinnorthwesternTurkey,anditfirstrosetopopularityinthe16thcentury.Karagozisadramaticformofstorytelling40shadowsareprojectedontoawhitescreen,withamultitaskingperformer41(sing)thetunesandwordsofthestoryandtheleadpuppeteercontrollingthemovementofthepuppets.Theperformances42(main)centeraroundsocialeventsandpubliccriticism,whoseprimaryobjectiveis43(educate)peopleviaentertainment.Thetradition'spopularityinTurkeyiscredited44people'ssenseofnostalgia(怀旧).Historically,Karagozperformancesservedas45educationaltoolforpeopleofallclasses.Associetyprogresses,thereisoftenatendencytoreconnectwiththepast.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假定你是李华，你校英语话剧社拟举办英语话剧展演活动，请你写一篇开幕辞，内容包括：1.表示欢迎；2.活动介绍。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dearteachersandfellowstudents,第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Neardaybreakthepreviousday,myfriendJessandIsetoutonajourneysouthwestfromoursnow-coveredhomeinOttawa,boundforArizona,awarmplacetoescapethefreezingwinter.AfterloadingourequipmentandmydogBaileyintomyoldcar,wedrovealongthefreewaywiththeradioplayinglivelytunes.Bailey,comfortablysittingonthebackseat,addedtothejoyofthemoment.Lifecouldn'thavefeltmoreperfect.Asthemilesaccumulatedbehindus,bynoonthefollowingday,wepulledoffatarestareawithspring-liketemperatures.Itwasanidealsettingforapicnic-stylebreako