新视野B4U1教学课件

Unit

1SectionALoveand

logic:Thestory

ofafallacyusethe

key

languageto

talk

about

logic

ofdiscourseapply

the

reading

skill

-skimmingwrite

a

narrative

essaypractice

the

translation

skill

-free

translationdevelopacriticalviewon

logicandfallaciesObjectives12345Warming-upActivitiesTextStudyLanguageAppreciationSummarySectionA

Loveand

logic:ThestoryofafallacyTrue

or

FalseThe

following

are

some

statements

to

test

yourreasoning

ability.

Tell

whether

the

conclusionsafterthe

word

“Therefore”are

true

(T),false

(F),or

uncertain

(U).Write

youranswerontheline

beforeeach

statement.Warming-upActivitiesF1.All

odd

numbers

are

integers

(整数).All

even

numbers

areintegers.Therefore,all

odd

numbers

are

even

numbers.T2.There

are

no

dancers

that

aren't

slim

and

no

singers

that

aren'tdancers.Therefore,all

singers

are

slim.T3.A

toothpick(牙签)

is

useful.Useful

things

are

valuable.Therefore,a

toothpick

is

valuable.F4.Three

pencils

cost

the

same

as

two

erasers.Four

erasers

cost

the

same

as

one

ruler.Therefore,pencils

are

more

expensivethan

rulers.F5.Class

AhasahigherenrollmentthanClassB.ClassChasalower

enrollment

than

Class

B.Therefore,Class

A

has

a

lowerenrollment

than

Class

C.Warming-upActivitiesT

6.A

fruit

basket

contains

more

apples

than

lemons.There

aremore

lemons

in

the

basket

than

oranges.Therefore,thebasket

contains

more

apples

than

oranges.U

7.Taking

the

train

across

town

is

quicker

than

taking

the

bus.Taking

the

bus

across

town

is

slower

than

driving

a

car.Therefore,taking

the

train

across

town

is

quicker

than

driving

a

car.U

8.All

the

tulips

in

Zoe's

garden

are

white.All

the

roses

in

Zoe'sgarden

are

yellow.Therefore,all

the

flowers

in

Zoe's

gardenareeitherwhite

or

yellow.Warming-upActivities

2SReasoning

skills

deal

with

the

process

of

getting

from

a

problemto

a

solution

or

a

conclusion.By

improving

your

reasoningskills,you

can

improve

your

success

in

doing

things.Specifically,strong

reasoning

skills

can

help

you

to:·improve

the

quality

and

validity

of

your

own

arguments;·improve

your

ability

to

assess

the

quality

and

validity

of

others'arguments;·make

more

logical

decisions;·solve

problems

more

efficiently

and

effectively.Lead-in1.

Why

is

it

importanttodevelop

logicalreasoningskills?When

it

comes

to

making

a

choice,many

people

tend

to

use

rational

andlogicalreasoning;Males

are

more

rational

than

females;Rational

world

is

not

necessarily

a

wonderful

one;Rational

individuals

can

make

choices

that

are

bad

news

for

others;It

is

ridiculous

to

deal

with

love

in

a

logical

way.Lead-in2.Do

you

think

it

is

possible

to

deal

with

life

in

a

completely

rationaland

logical

way?SectionA

Loveand

logic:ThestoryofafallacyTextStudyGlobalunderstandingTask1Globalunderstanding

ofthe

structureRead

the

whole

passageandanswerthefollowingquestions.1)Whattype

of

passage

is

it?Narration.2)

Whatpartsareincludedinthistypeof

passage?Please

find

out

these

partsin

this

passage.A

piece

of

narration

should

include

five

basic

elements

of

plot

structure:exposition,rising

action,turning

point,falling

action

and

resolution.TextStudyDetailedunderstandingTask1

Detailedunderstanding

of

the

textRead

the

text

again

and

answer

the

following

questions.1.Whatdidthe

narratordowith

hisroommate

Rob?(Para.1)They

madeadealthatthenarratorgives

Rob

his

leatherjacket,and

Rob,inexchange,givesthenarratorhisgirlfriend.TextStudyPretty,well-off,radiant;The

right

background

to

be

the

girlfriend

of

a

dogged,brilliant

lawyer;Help

the

narrator

in

his

competition

with

other

applicants

to

some

elite

law

firms.Detailedunderstanding2.

Whydoesthe

narratorwantto

have

Pollyas

hisgirlfriend?(Paras.2-3)TextStudyDetailedunderstanding3.When

the

narrator

and

Polly

have

their

first

date,the

narrator

saysthatwhat

he

hasgot

inmind

isa

littleeccentric.Why?(Paras.4-5)The

narratorfeels

thisway

because

he

can't

stop

thinking

thathis

purpose

ofdating

Polly

is

not

for

romance

but

for

improvingher

intelligence,and

he

can't

let

Polly

know

his

plan.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding4.Whydoesthe

narratordecidetoteach

Polly

logic?(Para.7) The

narrator

decides

to

teach

Polly

logic

because

he

believeslogic

is

essential

to

clear

thinking.By

teaching

Polly

logic,he

canmake

her

intelligent.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding5.What

is

DictoSimpliciter?Giveanexample.(Paras.9-11)

An

unqualified,too

simple

generalization;One

example:Exercise

is

good,therefore,everybody

should

doexercise.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding6.What

is

Hasty

Generalization?Give

an

example.(Paras.12-15) Reaching

a

hasty

conclusion

without

sufficient

evidence;

One

example:You

can't

speak

French.Rob

can't

speak

French.Looks

like

nobody

at

this

school

can

speak

French.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding7.What

isAd

Misericordiam?Giveanexample.(Paras.16-21)Appealingtoone'ssympathy

insteadofansweringthequestiondirectly;One

example:A

man

appliesfor

ajob.When

the

boss

asks

himwhat

hisqualificationsare,hesays

he

has

six

children

to

feed.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding8.What

is

FalseAnalogy?Giveanexample.(Paras.22-25)Wrong

inference;making

an

analogy

between

two

situations

that

arealtogether

different;One

example:Students

should

be

allowed

to

look

at

their

textbooksduring

exams,because

surgeons

have

X-rays

to

guide

them

duringsurgery.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding9.Isthe

narratorsuccessful

inteaching

Polly

logic?Howdoyouknow?(26-37)Yes.He

is

only

too

successful

in

teaching

Polly

logic

because

inthe

end

when

he

asks

Polly

to

be

his

girlfriend,Polly

refuses

hisrequest

by

applying

all

the

logical

fallacies

he

has

taught

her.TextStudyPolly

refusedto

bethegirlfriendofthe

narrator;Full

disclosure;Polly

liked

Rob

in

leather;Shetold

Robto

makethe

pactwiththeauthorsothat

he

could

havethe

jacket.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding10.Whathappenedatlast?(Paras.38-43)Main

Idea

&Structure

Main

ldeas

of

the

PartsPart

l—Paras.1-3The

author

sets

the

scene

of

the

story

by

providing

informationaboutthefour“wh-”words:who,where,

what,and

why."Who"refers

to

thenarrator,his

roommateRob,andthebeautifulgirlPolly."Where"refers

to

acollegecampus.“What”and“why”refertowhattodoandwhytodoit:ThenarratordecidestomakePolly"well-spoken"becauseasa

promisinglybrilliant

lawyer,he

wants

to

have

a

girlfriend

who

is

notonly

beautiful

butalso

intelligent.The

narrator

tries

to

help

Polly

become

smarter

bygivingherlessons

in

logic.Altogether

he

spends

five

nights

teaching

Polly

four

logicalfallacies,namely,Dicto

Simpliciter,HastyGeneralization,AdMisericordiam,

False

Analogy_.Main

Idea

&StructurePartII—Paras.4-25Main

ldeasof

the

PartsWhen

asked

to

be

the

narrator's

girl

friend,Pollyrefutes

his

arguments

with

the

exactlogical

fallacies

taught

by

himandrefusesby

makingfulldisclasurethatshe

is

dating

the

narrator

simply

because

it

is

a

trickshe

and

Rob

have

decided

to

play

on

him

in

order

to

gethis

leather

jacketMain

Idea

&StructurePart—Paras.26-43Main

ldeasof

the

Partsreach

an

agreement

约好；达成协议The

four

friends

made

a

pact

to

take

a

picture

together

each

year.Translation:这四位好友约好每年拍一张合影。LanguageAppreciation1.make

a

pact

(Para.1)giving

one

thing

and

receiving

another(esp.of

the

same

type

or

value)in

return作为(对……的)交换(或替代)In

exchange

for

our

help,he'll

give

us

$3,000.Translation:他将给我们3,000美元以获得我们的帮助。LanguageAppreciation2.in

exchange

for(Para.1)1)able

tojudge

people

and

situations

very

well

and

make

good

decisions(人)精明的，机敏的His

skill

in

negotiating

earned

him

a

reputation

as

a

shrewd

businessman.Translation:他的谈判技巧使他赢得了精明商人的名声。2)well

judged

and

likely

to

be

right

(决定和判断)准确的，英明的He

inherited

a

considerable

fortune

and

then

increased

it

by

shrewd

investments.Translation:他继承了一大笔钱，然后又通过正确的投资使之得到升值。LanguageAppreciation3.shrewd:a.

(Para.1)(infml.)rich,orhavingenoughmoneyto

livewell

富裕的；有钱的Tom

has

just

bought

another

new

car;he

must

be

very

well-off.Translation:

汤姆刚又买了辆新车，他一定很有钱。LanguageAppreciation4.well-off:a.

(Para.2)a.oforrelatingtothe

best

ormost

skillful

people

in

a

group

精英的；精锐的Stanford,likemost

other

eliteuniversities,has

an

increasingly

diverse

studentbody.Translation:

和大多数其他精英大学一样，斯坦福大学的学生群体也越来越多元化。n.[C]a

group

of

people

who

have

a

lot

of

power

and

influence

because

they

have

money,

knowledge,or

special

skills

(社会)精英；上层人士After

he

attended

Stanford

University,he

considered

himself

to

be

one

of

elite.Translation:

就读斯坦福大学后，他觉得自己是精英分子中的一员了。LanguageAppreciation5.elite

(Para.2)1)full

ofhappiness

and

love,in

a

way

that

shows

in

your

face

and

makes

youlookattractive

容光焕发的；喜悦的The

bride

looked

radiant.Translation:新娘看上去满面春风。2)very

bright

灿烂的；明亮的The

sun

was

radiant

in

a

clear

blue

sky.Translation:

湛蓝的天空阳光灿烂。LanguageAppreciation6.radiant:a.

(Para.2)(be~)in

a

particular

place;located

位于……;坐落于……Paris

is

the

capital

and

the

largest

city

ofFrance,situated

on

the

River

Seine.Translation:巴黎是法国首都，也是法国最大的城市，坐落于塞纳河畔。LanguageAppreciation7.situated:a

.(Para.4)1)very

bright

很明亮的；灿烂的Inthe

evening

lightthe

color

of

thebuildingwas

so

luminous

that

it

seemed

toshimmer.Translation:夜光中大楼颜色十分明亮，好像在闪烁发光。2)shining

in

the

dark

发光的；夜明的The

hands

on

my

alarm

clock

are

luminous,so

I

can

see

what

time

it

is

in

the

dark.Translation:我闹钟上的指针是发光的，在黑暗中我也能看时间。LanguageAppreciation8.luminous:a.

(Para.4)1)change

sth.such

as

information

so

that

it

is

no

longer

true

or

accurate歪曲；曲解The

statistics

are

vague

and

oversimplified,and

thus

may

distort

the

state's

overalleconomic

picture.Translation:这些数据太模糊、太简单，所以可能会歪曲国家的总体经济状况。2)change

the

way

sth.looks,sounds,or

behaves

so

that

it

becomes

strange

or

difficult

torecognize.

使变形；使失真；使反常LanguageAppreciation9.distort:vt.

(Para.7)The

loudspeaker

seemed

to

distort

his

voice.Translation:他的声音从喇叭里传出来好像失真了。(usu.passive)be

unable

to

find

an

answer

or

think

of

a

reply

to

a

question

orpeoblem

使困惑；难倒Investigators

are

stumped.They

don't

know

whether

this

was

an

accident,asuicide,or

a

murder.Translation:调查者感到困惑，他们不知道这是一起意外事故，还是自杀，或者谋杀。LanguageAppreciation10.stump:v.(Para.11)chooseaparticulardayforsth.为……定日期Theywillseta

date

forthewedding.Translation:他们将选定举行婚礼的日子。LanguageAppreciation11.setadatefor

(Para.15)1)try

to

get

sb.to

do

or

accept

sth.By

making

them

think

it

is

a

sensible

or

fair

thing

to

do

诉诸；唤起We've

tried

to

appeal

to

their

compassion,but

it

isjust

not

working.They

still

didn't

give

us

any

help.Translation:我们试图唤起他们的同情，但没有用。他们仍然没给我们任何帮助。2)have

a

character

that

makes

a

particular

person

interested;attract

吸引；感染Though

there

was

no

pension,thejob

appealed

to

her

because

it

provided

health

benefits.Translation:虽然没有退休金，但这份工作仍然吸引了她，因为有医疗福利。LanguageAppreciation12.appeal

to:

(Para.20)makeacomparisonbetween(sth.andsth.else)在…之间作类比It's

difficulttomake

an

analogybetween

cars

and

airplanes.Translation:把汽车和飞机进行类比是很难的。LanguageAppreciation13.make/drawananalogy

between(Para.24)change

aperson

orthing

into

sth.else使……变成Don'ttrytomakeaherooutof

a

man

who

violently

confronted

the

police.Translation:不要企图把一个和警察激烈作对的人塑造成英雄。LanguageAppreciation14.make

sth.outof

sb./sth.

(Para.26)It

is

time

for

sth.

该是……的时候了The

time

has

come

for

a

new

way

ofdealing

with

the

tax

and

benefit

issues.Translation:

用新方法处理税收及福利问题的时候已经到来。LanguageAppreciation15.Thetime

hascomeforsth.

(Para.26)the

processof

changingsth.fromoneform,purpose,orsystemtoanother

转变；改造；转换Solar

power

is

the

conversion

ofthe

sun's

energy

into

heat

and

electricity.Translation:太阳能就是把太阳的能量转化为热与电。LanguageAppreciation16.conversion:n.[C,U](Para.26)LanguageAppreciation17.surpass:vt.(Para.31)Hehopes

one

dayto

surpass

the

world

record.Translation:他希望有一天能刷新世界纪录。be

even

better

or

greater

than

sb.or

sth.else超过；胜过a

particular

method

or

plan

for

achieving

sth.方法；策略；手法The

manager

discussed

tactics

with

his

team.Translation:经理和他的团队讨论了策略问题。LanguageAppreciation18.tactic:n.[C.usu.pl.](Para.33)1)(fml.)noticesth.,esp.afterthinkingabout

itcarefully

or

studying

it(尤指仔细思考或研究之后)看出，觉察出，辨明2