核专业英语词汇

核专业英语词汇（一）核物理基本概念元素element粒子particle离子ion分子molecule原子atom原子的atomic原子核nucleus(pl.nuclei)核的nuclear质子proton中子neutron电子electron核子nucleon化学性质chemicalidentity带正电的positivelycharged带负电的negativelycharged不带电的uncharged电中性的electricallyneutral（元素）周期表periodictable原子序数atomicnumber质量数massnumber轨道电子orbitalelectron同位素isotope天然存在的naturallyoccurring人工的artificial化学键chemicalbond化合物compound上标superscript下标subscript氧oxygen氢，氕hydrogen重氢，氘heavyhydrogen,deuterium重氢核，氘核deuterion超重氢，氚tritium碳carbon氦helium放射性的radioactive加权平均weightedmean质量mass动量momentum能量energy单位，机组unit国际单位制SystemInternational,SI千克kilogram(kg)伏特volt(V)摩尔mole(mol)库仑coulomb电子伏特electron-volt(eV)兆电子伏特megaelectron-volt(MeV)质量亏损massdefect结合能bindingenergy动能kineticenergy势能potential,potentialenergy跃迁jump核力nuclearforce排斥repulsion吸引attraction轰击bombardment发射（出）emission(n.),emit(v.)能级energylevel裂变fission聚变fusion衰变decay钡barium硼boron铋bismuth铀uranium钚plutonium钍thorium锂lithium钠sodium核反应nuclearreaction链式反应chainreaction辐射，射线radiation超铀元素transuraniumelement可裂变的fissionable易裂变的fissile碎片fragment宏观的macroscopic微观的microscopic介观的mesoscopic激发excite静电的electrostatic库仑力Coulombforce电磁辐射electromagneticradiation（二）放射性宇宙射线cosmicray电离ionization韧致辐射bremsstrahlung(brakingradiation)辐射，射线radiation正比于beproportionalto反比于beinverselyproportionalto根据经验asaruleofthumb射线alpharay射线betaray射线gammaray带电粒子chargedparticle光子photon散射scattering衍射diffraction折射deflection碰撞collision铝aluminum铍beryllium氦helium相互作用interaction摄入ingest吸入inhale动能kineticenergy势能potential(energy)量子quantum屏蔽shielding正电子positron加速器accelerator放射性radioactivity湮灭annihilation光电效应photoelectriceffect（三）核反应衰减attenuation放大amplification镉cadmium钴cobalt氧oxygen氮nitrogen汞mercury弹性的elastic非弹性的inelastic宏观截面macroscopiccrosssection微观截面microscopiccrosssection靶恩barn反冲，反作用recoil平均自由程meanfreepath转变，转化transmutation扩散diffusion中子扩散neutrondiffusion斐克扩散定律Fick’slawofdiffusion通量flux中微子neutrino放射性同位素radioisotope半衰期half-life热核反应堆thermonuclearreactor化合价valence（四）核材料燃料fuel燃料芯块fuelpellet慢化剂moderator冷却剂coolant包壳cladding控制棒controlrod硼酸boricacid铬chromium铪hafnium钆gadolinium铟indium镁magnesium镍nickel锆zirconium硅silicon重水heavywater石墨graphite碳化物carbide氧化物oxide氧化oxidize二氧化物dioxide二氧化碳carbondioxide碳氢化合物hydrocarbon密度density热导率，传热系数thermalconductivity比热specificheat粘性viscosity饱和saturation热力性质，热物性thermodynamicproperty反应性reactivity升华sublime中子俘获截面neutroncapturecrosssection散射截面scatteringcrosssection辐照损伤radiationdamage肿胀swelling燃耗burnup合金alloy镁诺克斯合金Magnox锆合金zircaloy金属间化合物inter-metalliccompound裂变产物fissionproduct裂变碎片fissionfragment腐蚀产物corrosionproduct可燃毒物burnablepoison冷轧coldpressing烧结sintering开裂crack蠕变creep增殖材料fertilematerial增殖比breedingratio浓缩铀enricheduranium高温气冷堆HighTemperatureGas-cooledReactor(HTGR)（中子）通量展平flux-shaping（五）核反应堆理论自持的链式反应self-sustainingchainreaction燃料循环fuelcycle临界(a)critical次临界(a)subcritical超临界(a)supercritical临界(n)criticality临界尺寸criticalsize共振resonance弹性散射碰撞elasticscatteringcollision热中子利用系数thermalutilizationfactor慢化slowdown热中子thermalneutron快中子fastneutron六氟化物hexafluoride六氟化铀uraniumhexafluoride离心工艺centrifugeprocess气体扩散工艺gaseousdiffusionprocess换料(v)refuel快中子增殖反应堆，快堆FastBreedingReactor(FBR)堆芯，活性区core再生区blanket半透膜semi-permeablemembrane旋转spin(过去分词：spun)贫铀depleteduranium热中子反应堆，热堆thermalreactor快堆fastreactor倍增系数multiplicationfactor（十）压水反应堆压水反应堆，压水堆PressurizedWaterReactor(PWR)蒸汽发生器steamgenerator一次侧primaryside二次侧secondaryside发电机electricalgenerator,generator燃料芯块fuelpellet包壳cladding堆芯core给水泵feed(water)pump反应堆（压力）容器reactorvessel,pressurevessel硼酸boricacid化学补偿控制chemicalshimcontrol堆坑reactorpit气密的airtight封头head接管，喷嘴nozzle点火区seed再生区blanket用户，业主，业界utility卖主，供应商vendor,supplier制造商manufacturer多重屏障multiplebarriers纵深防御defenseindepth冗余性redundancy多样性diversity独立性independence包容contain美国机械工程师协会AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineer(ASME)美国核学会AmericanNuclearSociety(ANS)安全级safetyclass失效failure安全功能safetyfunction裕度margin反应堆冷却剂系统ReactorCoolantSystem(RCS)在役检查inserviceinspection汽水分离器moistureseparator干燥器steamdryer堆内构件reactorinternals反应堆冷却剂泵，主泵reactorcoolantpump(RCP),mainpump稳压器pressurizer波动管surgeline剖视图sectionalview控制棒controlrod控制棒组件ControlElementAssembly(CEA)控制棒驱动机构ControlElementDriveMechanism(CEDM)控制棒导向管ControlRodGuideTube(CRGT)上部支撑板uppersupportplate燃料组件fuelassembly进口接管inletnozzle出口接管outletnozzle堆芯吊篮corebarrel可燃吸收体burnableabsorber管侧tubeside壳侧shellside蒸汽管线steamline一次冷却剂primarycoolant主蒸汽mainsteam反应性引入reactivityinsertion浓度concentration参考负荷referenceload冷却剂平均温度coolantaveragetemperature稀释dilution裂变产物fissionproduct积累buildup反应堆调节系统ReactorRegulatingSystem(RRS)（程序）整定值programmedvalue峰值线释热率peaklinearheatrate轴向功率分布axialpowerdistribution方位角azimuthal（中子通量）方位角偏差azimuthaltilt偏离泡核沸腾DeparturefromNucleateBoiling(DNB)偏离泡核沸腾比DeparturefromNucleateBoilingRatio(DNBR)堆内测量系统In-CoreDetectorSystem(ICDS)自给能中子探测器Self-PoweredNeutronDetector(SPND)信号调理signalconditioning反应堆紧急停堆reactortrip汽机脱扣turbinetrip可靠性reliability规范，法规code燃耗burnup（十一）反应堆容器与堆内构件环锻件ring-forging锻造forge锻件forging监视surveillance样品，试样specimen安装mount奥氏体的austenitic不锈钢stainlesssteel法兰flange热电偶thermocouple零延性转变温度nil-ductilitytransitiontemperature(TNDT)注量率fluence集成中子通量NVT=TotalIntegratedNeutronFlux=IntegratedFlux=Fluence=NeutrondensityVelocityTime【unit】：[n/m3m/ss]=[n/m旁通，支路bypass磷phosphorous硫sulfur=sulphur焊weld临界值，限值threshold（机）接合，啮合，对位engage凸缘，凸起部，轮毂boss逐渐变细的tapered圆顶dome围板shroud（十二）反应堆堆芯与燃料可燃吸收棒burnableabsorberrod蠕变creep栅格lattice中子源neutronsource阻力塞plug反应性价值reactivityworth比功率specificpower锑antimony镉cadmium锎californium铟indium陶瓷（状）的ceramic（机）间隙clearance污染contaminate栅格架；电网；网格grid因科镍inconel固有安全性inherentsafety非能动安全passivesafety能动安全activesafety套管，套筒sleeve定位格架spacergrid星形架，蜘蛛spider乏燃料spentfuel（十三）压水堆冷却剂系统主要设备U形管蒸汽发生器U-tubesteamgenerator核供汽系统NuclearSteamSupplySystem(NSSS)一次系统primarysystem二次系统secondarysystem主蒸汽mainsteam汽轮机，透平机械turbine给水与凝汽系统feedandcondensatesystem热管段，热腿hotleg冷管段，冷腿coldleg堵管裕量tubepluggingmargin在情况下intheeventof换热器heatexchanger(HX)节热器，省煤器economizer给水feedwater一次进口水室inletplenum一次进口接管primaryinletnozzle一次出口水室outletplenum一次出口接管primaryoutletnozzle管板tubesheet喷放；（SG）排污blowdown上升段riser下降段downcomer满功率fullpower(FP)额定功率ratedpower额定负荷ratedload化学和容积控制系统ChemicalandVolumeControlSystem(CVCS)加热，升温heatup冷却，降温cooldown喷淋管线sprayline辅助喷淋管线auxiliarysprayline上充泵chargingpump上充charge下泄letdown水位waterlevel,level备用的backup过压保护overpressureprotection安全壳内换料水箱In-containmentRefuelingWaterStorageTank(IRWST)换料水箱RefuelingWaterStorageTank(RWST)安全阀safetyvalve卸压阀reliefvalve全厂断电stationblackout(SBO)（蒸汽）干度quality空泡份额voidfraction热冲击thermalshock急冷，骤冷quench（十四）压水堆系统与安全壳裂变碎片fissionfragment轻水反应堆LightWaterReactor(LWR)热机thermalengine原动机primemover焓enthalpy熵entropy反馈feedback热力学第二定律secondlawofthermo-dynamics最终热阱ultimatesink一（次）回路primaryloop二（次）回路secondaryloop核电厂配套子项BalanceofPlant(BOP)一次压力边界primarypressureboundary隔离阀isolationvalve失效failure故障fault,malfuction卡诺效率Carnotefficiency热机效率engineefficiency高温热源，热库hotreservoir低温热源coldreservoir摩擦friction余热排出系统ResidualHeat-RemovalSystem(RHRS)换料(n)refueling应急堆芯冷却系统EmergencyCore-CoolingSystem(ECCS)补水与排水feedandbleed专设安全设施EngineeredSafetyFeature(ESF)设备冷却水系统ComponentCoolingSystem止回阀non-returnvalve蓄压箱accumulator电动阀motor-drivenvalve气动阀pneumaticvalve安注泵safetyinjectionpump安全壳containment钢筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete预应力钢筋混凝土prestressedreinforcedconcrete英制压力单位psi=poundspersquareinch英制压力单位（表压）psig=poundspersquareinchgauge环形的annular潜热latentheat显热sensibleheat氢氧化物hydroxide氢氧化钠sodiumhydroxide苛性钠，氢氧化钠caustic启动startup飞射物，导弹missile蒸汽管线steamline安全壳地坑containmentsump（十五）蒸汽轮机飞轮flywheel叶片，叶栅blade,bucket,vane功work冲动式汽轮机impulseturbine反动式汽轮机reactionturbine冲动级impulsestage反动级reactionstage反动度degreeofreaction渐缩的converging渐扩的diverging喷嘴，接管nozzle被称为bereferredtoas缸体，箱体casing推力thrust拉金lashing除湿moistureremoval节流阀stop-throttlevalve扭矩torque每秒转rev/s=revolutionspersecond每分钟转rpm=revolutionsperminute（十六）主蒸汽、给水与凝汽系统汽轮发电机turbinegenerator汽动给水泵turbinedrivenfeedwaterpump蒸汽排放steamdump汽水分离再热器MoistureSeperatorReheater(MSR)密封蒸汽系统glandsteamsystem限流器flowrestrictor主蒸汽隔离阀mainsteamisolationvalve机组unit负荷load主蒸汽集管mainsteamheader给水联箱feedwaterheader给水回热循环regenerativefeedheatingcycle磨损wear污垢，结垢fouling装量inventory蒸汽（旁路）排放steamdump冷凝器排放condensersteamdump大气排放atmosphericsteamdump除氧器排放deoxidizersteamdump电缆electriccable辅助给水系统auxiliaryfeedwatersystem压差differentialpressure,pressuredifferential,pressuredifference增压泵boosterpump增压boostpressure吸入口suction凝汽器condenser凝汽器热阱condenserhotwell给水流量调节阀feedregulatingvalve给水调节旁通阀feedregulatingbypassvalve疏水drain阶跃变化stepchange线性（斜坡）变化rampchange溢流阀overflowvalve工艺汽processsteam紧急停堆trip;scram停堆shutdown停堆，停堆期outrage手动地manually自动地automatically质量流率massflowrate关断阀shutoffvalve（美国）联邦管理法规CFR=CodeofFederalRegulations凝结液condensate水头，压头head汽机脱扣（甩负荷）turbinetrip（十七）核电厂运行工艺热processheat公用电网utilitygrid基础负荷运行baseloadoperation退役的outofservice运行因子operationfactor负荷因子loadfac