Chinese-Poetry-中国诗歌介绍-英文版

ChinesePoetryClassicalChinesepoetry

中国古典诗歌ModernChinesepoetry

中国现代诗歌ClassicalChinesepoetrySincetheburningofbooksbyQinShihuang,theearliestextantanthologiesaretheShiJingandChuCi,datingtotheSpringandAutumnPeriodandtheWarringStatesPeriod,respectively.

ShiJing(诗经"ClassicofPoetry")wasthefirstmajorsurvivingcollectionofChinesepoems,collectingbotharistocraticpoems(Odes)andmorerusticpoetry,probablyderivedfromfolksongs(Songs).Theyaremostlycomposedoffour-character(四言)lines.Asecond,morelyricalandromanticanthologywasChuCi(楚辞"SongsofChu"),madeupprimarilyofpoemsascribedtoQuYuanandhisfollowerSongYu.Thesepoemsarecomposedoflinesofirregularlengths,inthestyleprevalentinthestateofChu.Beginningsofthetradition:

关关雎鸠，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。参差荇菜，左右流之。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。求之不得，寤寐思服。悠哉悠哉，辗转反侧。参差荇菜，左右采之。窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。参差荇菜，左右毛之。窈窕淑女，钟鼓乐之。关雎ClassicalChinesepoetry中国古典诗歌ShiCi〔Song〕“ancient-style”gushipoetry〔古体诗〕唐以前诗歌及唐以后诗人仿作“recent-style”jintishipoetry〔近体诗〕形成于唐代ChineseSanqupoetry(散曲)Yuanopera(元杂剧〕Qu〔Yuan〕小令〔五十八字以内〕中调〔五十九字至九十字〕长调〔九十一字以上〕ClassicalChinesepoetry古体诗四言古诗(出现最早的是《诗经》，另一代表是曹操诗)杂言诗〔可归入七言古诗〕《登幽州台歌》七言古诗〔成熟于唐代，简称七古〕五言古诗〔成熟于汉代，简称五古〕ClassicalChinesepoetry近体诗绝句律诗五言绝句〔五绝〕《江雪》七言绝句〔七绝〕《早发白帝城》五言律诗〔五律〕《春望》七言律诗〔七律〕《闻官军收河南河北》排律〔八句以上的律诗〕Poetryofparticular(dynastic)periods:ClassicalChinesepoetryHanpoetryJian'anpoetrySixDynastiespoetryTangpoetrySongpoetryYuanpoetryClassicalChinesepoetryduringthe

HanDynasty,afolk-songstyleofpoetrybecamepopular,knownas

Yuefu

(乐府)“MusicBureau”poems,sonamedbecauseofthegovernment‘sroleincollectingsuchpoems,althoughintimesomepoetsbegancomposingoriginalworksin

Yuefustyle.Many

Yuefu

poemsarecomposedoffive-character(五言)orseven-character(七言)lines,incontrasttothefour-characterlinesofearliertimes.AcharacteristicformofHanDynastyliteratureisthe

Fu〔赋〕.Hanpoetry：ClassicalChinesepoetryTheFourMajorPoetofHanfu：SimaXiangruYangXiongZhangHengBanGuClassicalChinesepoetryJian'anpoetry：Jian’anpoety

referstothosepoeticmovementsoccurringduringthefinalyearsofthefailingHanDynastyandcontinuingtheirdevelopmentintothebeginningoftheSixDynastiesperiod.Typicalpoetsofthisperiodare

CaoCao,CaoPi,CaoZhi东临碣石，以观沧海。水何澹澹，山岛竦峙。树木丛生，百草丰茂。秋风萧瑟，洪波涌起。日月之行，假设出其中；星汉灿烂，假设出其里。幸甚至哉！歌以咏志。观沧海ClassicalChinesepoetryTheSixDynastieseracoversthreemainperiods:theThreeKingdoms(220–280),JinDynasty(265–420),andSouthernandNorthernDynasties(420–589).Thegreat"fieldsandgarden"poet,TaoYuanming,thegreatandhighlypersonalpoetwhowasnotedforspeakinginhisownvoiceratherthanapersonaoranonymously.SixDynastiespoetry：结庐在人境，而无车马喧。问君何能尔，心远地自偏。采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。山气日夕佳，飞鸟相与还。此中有真意，欲辨已忘言。《饮酒》其五ClassicalChinesepoetryAhighpointofclassicalChinesepoetryoccurredduringtheTangperiod(618-907);Poetrywasintegratedintoalmosteveryaspectoftheprofessionalandsociallifeoftheliterateclass,includingbecomingpartoftheImperialexaminationstakenbyanyonewantingagovernmentpost;Overtime,someTangpoetrybecamemorerealistic,morenarrativeandmorecriticalofsocialnorms;ThepoetryoftheTangDynastyremainsinfluentialtoday.Tangpoetry：ClassicalChinesepoetryEarlyTang:FourHeroesofEarlyTangYangJiongWangBoLuZhaolinLuoBinwangClassicalChinesepoetryZhangjiuling,HeZhizhang

Themostfamous:LiBai,DuFu

(Li-Du)The“FieldsandGardensPoetsGroup”(田园诗派)：

MengHaoran,WangWeiThe“BordersandFrontierFortressPoetsGroup”(田园诗派)：

GaoShi，CenCen，WangChangling,WangZhihuan,CuiHao

HighTang:ClassicalChinesepoetryTheLandscapeStylePoem(山水诗)：

LiuChangqing,WeiYingwuBaiJuyi,HanYu,MengJiao,LiuYusi,LiuZongyuan,LiHeMiddleTang:LateTang:DuMu，LiShangyin〔LittleLi-Du〕WenTingyun,WeiZhuangClassicalChinesepoetryBytheSongDynasty(960-1279),anotherformofpoetry,theCi(词)—newlyricswrittenaccordingtothesetrhythmsofexistingtunes.Eachcipoemislabeled"Tothetuneof[TuneName]"(调寄[词牌])andfitsthemeterandrhymeofthetune.Thetitlesofcipoemsarenotnecessarilyrelatedtotheirsubjectmatter,andmanypoemsmayshareatitle.Intermsoftheircontent,Cipoetrymostoftenexpressedfeelingsofdesire.Songpoetry：ClassicalChinesepoetryOuYangxiuWangAnshiSushiSuZheLiuYongLiQingzhaoZhouBangyan

YanShuHuangTingjian

TheNorthernSongDynasty:ClassicalChinesepoetryTheSouthernSongDynasty:LuYouJiangKui〔姜夔〕XinQijiClassicalChinesepoetryMajordevelopmentsofpoetryduringtheYuanDynasty(1271–1368)includedthedevelopmentoftypesofpoetrywrittentofixed-tonepatterns,suchasfortheYuanopera〔元杂剧〕librettos.AftertheSongDynasty,thesetrhythmsoftheCicametobereflectedintheset-rhythmpiecesofChineseSanqupoetry(散曲),afreerformbasedonnewpopularsongsanddramaticarias,thatdevelopedandlastedintotheMingDynasty(14th-17thcenturies).Yuanpoetry：ClassicalChinesepoetryFourplaywrightsofYuanPoetry：

GuangHanqingMaZhiyuanBaPuZhengGuangzu《倩女离魂》《窦娥冤》《天净沙·秋思》《青衫泪》《唐明皇秋夜梧桐雨》ClassicalChinesepoetryzhangYanghao《西厢记》《山坡羊·潼关心古》WangShifuClassicalChinesepoetry诗经—楚辞—乐府—赋—唐诗—宋词—元曲总体顺序总结ModernChinesepoetryModernChinesepoems("newpoetry"新诗

)usuallydonotfollowanyprescribedpattern.PoetrywasrevolutionizedaftertheMayFourthMovementwhenwriterstrytousevernacularstylesclosertowhatwasbeingspoken(baihua)ratherthanpreviouslyprescribedforms.ModernChinesepoetryEarly20th-centurypoetslikeXuZhimo,GuoMoruoandWenYiduosoughttobreakChinesepoetryfrompastconventionsbyadoptingWesternmodels.Mode