大跨度马鞍形体育场屋盖预应力钢索结构施工计算书及相关图纸

9.1预应力拉索施工数值模拟计算书 19.1.1施工仿真的目的和意义 19.1.2验算目标和内容 29.1.3计算方法 49.1.4荷载取值 49.1.5设计初始态要求 49.1.6提升工况分析 79.1.7钢斜撑安装过程分析 149.1.8上径向索锚固工况分析 719.1.9张拉工况分析 739.1.10结论 779.2钢构件长度误差影响分析 829.2.29.2.1误差敏感性研究 829.2.3误差限值研究 889.2.4钢斜撑随机误差对结构成形态索力偏差的影响 899.2.5结论 909.3张拉工装计算书 909.3.1计算方法 909.3.2有限元模型 909.3.3模型分析结果 929.4环索胎架计算书 959.5操作平台计算书 979.5.1操作平台技术参数 979.5.2操作平台承载力性能验算 1019.1预应力拉索施工数值模拟计算书9.1.1施工仿真的目的和意义由于在预应力钢索张拉完成前结构尚未成形，结构整体刚度较差，因此必须应用有限元计算理论，使用有限元计算软件进行预应力钢结构的施工仿真计算，以保证结构施工过程中及结构使用期安全。施工仿真计算实际上是预应力钢结构施工方案中及其重要的工作。因为施工过程会使结构径历不同的初始几何态和预应力态，这样实际施工过程必须和结构设计初衷吻合，加载方式、加载次序及加载量级应充分考虑，且在实际施工中严格遵守。理论上将概念迥异的两个阶段或两个状态分别称为初始几何态和预应力态，这两个状态的分析理论和方法是不同的。在施工中严格地组织施工顺序，确定加载、提升方式，准确实施加载量、提升量等是必要的。施工仿真具体目的及意义如下：1、验证张拉方案的可行性，确保张拉过程的安全；2、给出每张拉步的应力及变形情况，为实际张拉时的张拉力值的确定提供理论依据；3、给出每张拉步结构的变形及应力分布，为张拉过程中的变形及应力监测提供理论依据；4、根据计算出来的张拉力的大小，选择合适的张拉机具，并设计合理的张拉工装；5、确定合理的张拉顺序。9.1.2验算目标和内容本工程施工过程主要分为四个阶段进行验算：提升过程验算、钢斜撑就位过程验算、上径向索锚固过程验算、下径向索张拉过程验算。主要分析工况如下表所示。表9.1-1分析工况说明施工阶段工况号工况名工况说明计算模型编号提升阶段1-1提升过程1环索开始离开胎架后的提升初始状态ConstructionModel-1-11-2提升过程2上径向索①提升到位ConstructionModel-1-21-3提升过程3第二根上径向索㉑提升到位ConstructionModel-1-31-4提升过程4第三根上径向索㉛提升到位ConstructionModel-1-41-5提升过程5所有上径向索提升到位ConstructionModel-1-5钢斜撑安装阶段2-1-T索夹提升索夹㉗提升2000mmConstructionModel-2-1T2-1-F钢斜撑安装安装钢斜撑㉗ConstructionModel-2-1F2-2-T索夹提升索夹㉟提升2800mmConstructionModel-2-2T2-2-F钢斜撑安装安装钢斜撑㉟ConstructionModel-2-2F2-3-T索夹提升索夹㉞提升1600mmConstructionModel-2-3T2-3-F钢斜撑安装安装钢斜撑㉞ConstructionModel-2-3F2-4-T索夹提升索夹㉘提升1400mmConstructionModel-2-4T2-4-F钢斜撑安装安装钢斜撑㉘ConstructionModel-2-4F2-5-T索夹提升索夹㉙提升1550mmConstructionModel-2-5T2-5-F钢斜撑安装安装钢斜撑㉙ConstructionModel-2-5F2-6-T索夹提升索夹㉝提升1700mmConstructionModel-2-6T2-6-F钢斜撑安装安装钢斜撑㉝ConstructionModel-2-6F2-7-T索夹提升索夹㉜提升1600mmConstructionModel-2-7T2-7-F钢斜撑安装安装钢斜撑㉜ConstructionModel-2-7F2-8-T索夹提升索夹㉚提升1200mmConstructionModel-2-8T2-8-F钢斜撑安装安装钢斜撑㉚ConstructionModel-2-8F2-9-T索夹提升索夹㉛提升1000mmConstructionModel-2-9T2-9-F钢斜撑安装安装钢斜撑㉛ConstructionModel-2-9F2-10-T索夹提升索夹⑦提升3000mmConstructionModel-2-10T2-10-F钢斜撑安装安装钢斜撑⑦ConstructionModel-2-10F2-11-T索夹提升索夹⑮提升3100mmConstructionModel-2-11T2-11-F钢斜撑安装安装钢斜撑⑮ConstructionModel-2-11F2-12-T索夹提升索夹⑭提升1550mmConstructionModel-2-12T2-12-F钢斜撑安装安装钢斜撑⑭ConstructionModel-2-12F2-13-T索夹提升索夹⑧提升1400mmConstructionModel-2-13T2-13-F钢斜撑安装安装钢斜撑⑧ConstructionModel-2-13F2-14-T索夹提升索夹⑨提升1450mmConstructionModel-2-14T2-14-F钢斜撑安装安装钢斜撑⑨ConstructionModel-2-14F2-15-T索夹提升索夹⑬提升1350mmConstructionModel-2-15T2-15-F钢斜撑安装安装钢斜撑⑬ConstructionModel-2-15F2-16-T索夹提升索夹⑫提升1300mmConstructionModel-2-16T2-16-F钢斜撑安装安装钢斜撑⑫ConstructionModel-2-16F2-17-T索夹提升索夹⑩提升1000mmConstructionModel-2-17T2-17-F钢斜撑安装安装钢斜撑⑩ConstructionModel-2-17F2-18-T索夹提升索夹⑪提升750mmConstructionModel-2-18T2-18-F钢斜撑安装安装钢斜撑⑪ConstructionModel-2-18F上径向索锚固阶段3-0上径向索同步锚固上径向索同步锚固到位ConstructionModel-3-0张拉阶段4-1张拉25%第一级同步张拉ConstructionModel-4-14-2张拉50%第二级同步张拉ConstructionModel-4-24-3张拉75%第三级同步张拉ConstructionModel-4-34-4张拉90%第四级同步张拉ConstructionModel-4-44-5张拉100%第五级同步张拉ConstructionModel-4-59.1.3计算方法本工程施工仿真验算通过LS-DYNA（ANSYSVer12.0）有限元分析软件进行分析，预应力钢索采用只受拉索单元，撑杆采用既能受压也能受拉的杆单元来模拟。9.1.4荷载取值主要荷载包括结构自重（软件自动计算）、预应力钢索自重（软件自动计算，放大系数1.05以考虑索头等重量）和索夹重量（根据索夹生产厂家提供数据计算），本次验算索夹重量以集中节点荷载的形式施加，每点施加集中荷载如下表所示，通过施加初始偏置量来使工装索长度变化以模拟提升过程。表9.1-2环索索夹重量（单位：kg）轴号单重轴号单重轴号单重轴号单重12201.1112188.2212200.3313006.222201.1122181.2222199.4323012.432188.8132167.5232200.5332674.442198.1142154.3242247.9342231.252196.3152159.3252069.7352209.362043.8162062.1262085.6362065.772124.9172135.5272260.6372033.982145.3182248.6282640.2382201.092165.8192202.2292745.3392200.7102281.2202201.7302983.1402196.89.1.5设计初始态要求结构自重初始态，为初始预应力和结构自重共同作用下的结构静力平衡态，即主索网结构（不含膜结构）张拉完成时的状态。整体结构在自重和预应力作用下结果如下：图9.1-1结构自重下初始态竖向位移/mm图9.1-2结构自重下初始态东西向水平位移/mm图9.1-3结构自重下初始态南北向水平位移/mm图9.1-4结构自重下初始态钢构等效应力/MPa图9.1-5结构自重下初始态拉索内力/kN9.1.6提升工况分析根据整体施工思路，索系在地面铺装完成，通过径向索整体提升，拟定40根上径向索同时提升，提升有以下几种工况：工况01：索系离开胎架0.5m时的提升开始状态；工况02：第一根上径向索（①）提升到位状态；工况03：第二根上径向索（㉑）提升到位状态；工况04：第三根上径向索（㉛）提升到位状态；工况05：所有上径向索提升到位状态；分别对以上五种工况进行模拟，考虑到整体钢结构参与运算后影响计算效率，且提升到位前索结构对整体钢结构的影响较小，因此，工况01~04只考虑索结构的位形变化，工况05将整体钢结构作为边界条件考虑共同参与运算。分析结果如下：图9.1-6索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-7工况1-1拉索内力（N）图9.1-8工况1-2索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-9工况1-2拉索内力（kN）图9.1-10工况1-3索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-11工况1-3拉索内力（N）图9.1-12工况1-4索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-13工况1-4拉索内力（N）图9.1-14工况1-5索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-15工况1-5径向索内力（N）图9.1-16工况1-5环索内力（N）表9.1-3提升力值统计表（单位：kN）工况工装索编号1-11-21-31-41-5172.880.431.298.6105.3273.978.537.3114.5121.3370.770.8151.6141.4148.8466.169.575.0151.4158.7561.761.564.0120.1127.5657.356.455.9106.5113.8748.971.671.6120.8113.5851.265.967.7143.596.8947.863.164.2264.7134.91052.662.061.653.2145.91147.463.163.466.4154.41251.561.260.750.9142.91347.863.965.8170.9106.81449.265.066.2206.3112.81550.569.269.498.193.01655.655.654.596.3103.91761.162.765.6130.8138.01865.767.071.5147.2154.11970.271.272.8142.1148.92073.476.884.9123.9130.52170.174.082.9109.6116.02269.671.880.5115.3121.52367.771.072.8141.1146.12464.865.569.3149.7154.12557.257.562.7124.4128.42654.156.153.8106.5110.42751.162.864.098.992.42852.965.964.8112.4105.42953.862.766.4147.5138.83057.766.664.3118.7112.93156.167.068.5163.7155.83258.066.264.4154.3146.13353.063.565.7135.0126.43451.763.664.589.484.03549.366.765.0116.2109.63654.952.558.596.2100.43758.760.059.1121.1125.93862.865.370.5151.2156.63969.370.9159.1132.0138.24070.074.932.1109.1115.9由上表可知，环索从脱离胎架到径向索就位的过程中，40根径向索索力变化较为均匀，没有出现“突变”的情况，故在施工过程中可以指导提升数据指标，径向索最大索力为206.3kN，出现在体育场⑭轴线，整个提升过程中的提升力在31.2~206.3kN。9.1.7钢斜撑安装过程分析根据拉索总体施工方案，在上径向索全部提升到位后，开始利用履带吊辅助安装钢斜撑，即借助履带吊将钢斜撑对应环索索夹位置上提后，将钢斜撑安装就位。图9.1-17工况2-1-T索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-18工况2-1-T径向索内力（N）图9.1-19工况2-1-T环索内力（N）图9.1-20工况2-1-F索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-21工况2-1-F径向索内力（N）图9.1-22工况2-1-F环索内力（kN）图9.1-23工况2-2-T索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-24工况2-2-T径向索内力（kN）图9.1-25工况2-2-T环索内力（kN）图9.1-26工况2-2-F索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-27工况2-2-F径向索内力（kN）图9.1-28工况2-2-F环索内力（kN）图9.1-29工况2-3-T索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-30工况2-3-T径向索内力（kN）图9.1-31工况2-3-T环索内力（kN）图9.1-32工况2-3-F索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-33工况2-3-F径向索内力（kN）图9.1-34工况2-3-F环索内力（kN）图9.1-35工况2-4-T索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-36工况2-4-T径向索内力（kN）图9.1-37工况2-4-T环索内力（kN）图9.1-38工况2-4-F索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-39工况2-4-F径向索内力（kN）图9.1-40工况2-4-F环索内力（kN）图9.1-41工况2-5-T索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-42工况2-5-T径向索内力（kN）图9.1-43工况2-5-T环索内力（kN）图9.1-44工况2-5-F索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-45工况2-5-F径向索内力（kN）图9.1-46工况2-5-F环索内力（kN）图9.1-47工况2-6-T索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-48工况2-6-T径向索内力（kN）图9.1-49工况2-6-T环索内力（kN）图9.1-50工况2-6-F索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-51工况2-6-F径向索内力（kN）图9.1-52工况2-6-F环索内力（kN）图9.1-53工况2-7-T索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-54工况2-7-T径向索内力（kN）图9.1-55工况2-7-T环索内力（kN）图9.1-56工况2-7-F索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-57工况2-7-F径向索内力（kN）图9.1-58工况2-7-F环索内力（kN）图9.1-59工况2-8-T索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-60工况2-8-T径向索内力（kN）图9.1-61工况2-8-T环索内力（kN）图9.1-62工况2-8-F索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-63工况2-8-F径向索内力（kN）图9.1-64工况2-8-F环索内力（kN）图9.1-65工况2-9-T索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-66工况2-9-T径向索内力（kN）图9.1-67工况2-9-T环索内力（kN）图9.1-68工况2-9-F索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-69工况2-9-F径向索内力（kN）图9.1-70工况2-9-F环索内力（kN）图9.1-71工况2-10-T索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-72工况2-10-T径向索内力（kN）图9.1-73工况2-10-T环索内力（kN）图9.1-74工况2-10-F索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-75工况2-10-F径向索内力（kN）图9.1-76工况2-10-F环索内力（kN）图9.1-77工况2-11-T索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-78工况2-11-T径向索内力（kN）图9.1-79工况2-11-T环索内力（kN）图9.1-80工况2-11-F索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-81工况2-11-F径向索内力（kN）图9.1-82工况2-11-F环索内力（kN）图9.1-83工况2-12-T索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-84工况2-12-T径向索内力（kN）图9.1-85工况2-12-T环索内力（kN）图9.1-86工况2-12-F索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-87工况2-12-F径向索内力（kN）图9.1-88工况2-12-F环索内力（kN）图9.1-89工况2-13-T索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-90工况2-13-T径向索内力（kN）图9.1-91工况2-13-T环索内力（kN）图9.1-92工况2-13-F索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-93工况2-13-F径向索内力（kN）图9.1-94工况2-13-F环索内力（kN）图9.1-95工况2-14-T索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-96工况2-14-T径向索内力（kN）图9.1-97工况2-14-T环索内力（kN）图9.1-98工况2-14-F索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-99工况2-14-F径向索内力（kN）图9.1-100工况2-14-F环索内力（kN）图9.1-101工况2-15-T索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-102工况2-15-T径向索内力（kN）图9.1-103工况2-15-T环索内力（kN）图9.1-104工况2-15-F索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-105工况2-15-F径向索内力（kN）图9.1-106工况2-15-F环索内力（kN）图9.1-107工况2-16-T索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-108工况2-16-T径向索内力（kN）图9.1-109工况2-16-T环索内力（kN）图9.1-110工况2-16-F索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-111工况2-16-F径向索内力（kN）图9.1-112工况2-16-F环索内力（kN）图9.1-113工况2-17-T索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-114工况2-17-T径向索内力（kN）图9.1-115工况2-17-T环索内力（kN）图9.1-116工况2-17-F索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-117工况2-17-F径向索内力（kN）图9.1-118工况2-17-F环索内力（kN）图9.1-119工况2-18-T索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-120工况2-18-T径向索内力（kN）图9.1-121工况2-18-T环索内力（kN）图9.1-122工况2-18-F索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-123工况2-18-F径向索内力（kN）图9.1-124工况2-18-F环索内力（kN）表9.1-4上径向索提升力值统计表（单位：kN）轴线2-1-T2-1-F2-2-T2-2-F2-3-T2-3-F2-4-T2-4-F2-5-T2-5-F2-6-T2-6-F2-7-T2-7-F2-8-T2-8-F2-9-T2-9-F2-10-T2-10-F2-11-T2-11-F2-12-T2-12-F2-13-T2-13-F2-14-T2-14-F2-15-T2-15-F2-16-T2-16-F2-17-T2-17-F2-18-T2-18-F1100.2101.096.894.896.594.293.693.793.793.495.793.295.193.393.693.194.293.188.685.878.379.478.579.080.578.480.178.177.577.877.877.878.777.778.177.72115.5116.5109.2106.9109.1106.2105.4105.6105.6105.3108.1105.1107.3105.1105.4104.9106.2104.9101.098.390.291.190.390.792.190.091.789.889.289.489.589.490.389.389.789.23143.0144.0134.4132.4134.4131.8131.1131.2131.2130.8133.5130.6132.8130.6131.0130.5131.7130.5127.7124.3115.6116.8115.8116.4118.1115.6117.6115.3114.6114.9115.0114.9116.0114.8115.3114.84154.1154.9146.4145.1146.6144.6144.2144.1144.2143.9145.8143.7145.3143.8144.0143.6144.5143.6142.8139.6132.5133.7132.7133.4135.0132.7134.6132.5131.8132.2132.2132.1133.2132.0132.5132.05124.4124.9119.4118.7119.6118.4118.2118.1118.3118.0119.1117.9118.8117.9118.1117.8118.4117.8120.0117.3111.9113.0112.1112.8114.3112.2113.9112.1111.5111.9111.8111.9112.7111.8112.1111.86111.4111.7107.8107.3107.9107.1107.0106.9107.0106.8107.5106.7107.3106.7106.8106.6107.0106.799.9105.8100.9101.9101.1101.8102.9101.0102.6100.9100.3100.7100.6100.7101.5100.6100.9100.67111.3111.6108.3108.0108.4107.9107.8107.7107.8107.6108.1107.6108.0107.6107.7107.5107.8107.516.7438.8427.6429.4420.1422.5224.0281.7279.9280.3280.0280.4280.1280.5280.8280.5280.4280.5894.694.891.991.691.991.591.491.391.491.291.791.191.591.191.391.191.491.168.180.678.279.079.479.916.4327.0106.2156.7156.3156.3156.0156.1155.3155.4155.5155.49132.2132.4128.8128.6129.0128.4128.5128.2128.5128.1128.6128.1128.5128.1128.2128.0128.3128.0104.8110.6106.3107.5107.1107.989.1100.113.0351.3324.2331.0288.1298.5163.0206.9206.9206.610142.8143.0139.2139.1139.3138.9139.0138.6138.9138.5139.0138.5138.9138.5138.6138.4138.7138.4122.9127.5120.9122.5120.7122.1114.5117.998.6109.8110.2110.5110.6110.925.7263.2172.5213.111150.8151.1147.0146.9147.2146.7146.8146.4146.8146.3146.7146.3146.7146.3146.5146.2146.5146.2134.9139.0128.7130.9126.5128.5124.5126.9121.7124.0119.5121.1108.3115.1111.0114.235.1226.012139.7139.8136.4136.5136.5136.3136.4136.0136.4136.0136.2135.9136.2135.9136.1135.9136.1135.9128.5131.5115.9118.7109.7112.9111.6112.9112.0113.296.5105.216.4291.4241.0257.1173.1210.913104.2104.3101.7101.7101.8101.6101.7101.4101.7101.3101.5101.3101.5101.3101.4101.3101.5101.397.299.486.188.873.483.083.283.985.586.116.2287.9129.8172.7172.0172.5172.3172.314110.1110.2107.7107.9107.9107.8108.0107.7108.0107.6107.6107.6107.7107.6107.7107.5107.7107.5103.3105.071.784.515.6311.7298.8303.3285.0289.3128.4171.9171.7171.0170.5170.9171.1170.91590.590.588.288.588.488.488.688.288.588.288.188.188.288.288.388.188.288.184.786.215.7362.9173.8224.3225.2224.6225.1224.9223.0224.3223.7224.4224.6224.5224.3224.516100.7100.797.998.498.198.398.698.198.598.097.998.097.998.098.198.098.198.094.095.486.694.194.993.492.093.092.192.993.892.593.292.392.092.292.492.217133.0133.0129.1129.8129.3129.6130.1129.3130.0129.3128.9129.2129.1129.2129.4129.2129.3129.2123.3125.2122.5120.9122.2120.3118.7119.8118.8119.6120.7119.2120.1119.0118.6118.9119.2118.918147.3147.2142.1143.2142.4143.0143.7142.6143.5142.5141.9142.5142.2142.5142.8142.4142.5142.4135.3137.3134.9132.8134.2132.2130.5131.6130.6131.4132.6130.9131.9130.7130.4130.6130.9130.619140.9140.7134.2135.8134.6135.6136.6135.1136.3135.0134.0135.0134.4135.0135.3134.9134.9134.9126.5128.4125.1122.9124.3122.2120.4121.5120.5121.3122.4120.8121.7120.5120.2120.4120.7120.420123.4123.0116.1118.0116.5117.7118.8117.2118.5117.1115.8117.1116.3117.1117.4117.0117.0117.0108.6110.2105.9104.0105.3103.3101.8102.7101.9102.5103.5102.0102.9101.7101.5101.6102.0101.621111.0110.4103.6105.3104.0105.1106.1104.6105.8104.5103.3104.4103.8104.4104.8104.3104.4104.395.897.592.390.391.689.688.089.088.088.789.888.289.188.087.787.988.287.922117.7117.2110.7112.3111.1112.1113.1111.6112.8111.5110.5111.5110.9111.5111.8111.4111.5111.4103.1104.897.395.496.794.793.194.193.193.994.993.494.393.192.893.093.393.023142.9142.1135.4137.3135.9137.1138.2136.6137.9136.5135.3136.5135.8136.5136.8136.4136.4136.4128.1129.6119.7118.1119.3117.4115.9116.8116.0116.5117.5116.0116.9115.8115.6115.7116.0115.724152.4151.6145.7147.5146.2147.3148.4146.9148.1146.8145.7146.8146.1146.8147.1146.7146.7146.7140.0141.1132.0131.0131.8130.5129.5130.0129.5129.8130.5129.4130.0129.2129.1129.1129.4129.125129.1128.3123.7125.2124.1125.1126.0124.7125.7124.7123.6124.7124.1124.7124.9124.6124.6124.6119.9120.4114.2113.6114.1113.3112.8112.9112.7112.8113.2112.5112.9112.4112.4112.3112.5112.326108.2110.4106.4107.8106.8107.7108.3107.3108.2107.3106.3107.2106.6107.2107.4107.2107.1107.2103.4103.799.198.799.098.598.298.298.198.198.497.898.197.897.897.797.997.72725.4221.5220.3220.5218.3218.5105.4138.9138.1138.7139.2138.8139.0138.8138.6138.8138.8138.8143.3142.4143.1144.3143.7144.9146.0145.1145.9145.4144.8145.5145.1145.7146.0145.8145.6145.82883.890.086.988.488.089.014.8204.0106.2129.9128.9129.9129.3129.9129.9129.8129.7129.8126.6126.7123.4123.1123.3123.0122.9122.7122.7122.7122.8122.4122.6122.4122.4122.3122.5122.329120.7124.1119.1121.1119.6121.0100.1109.312.4204.8195.6198.9183.7187.3129.9144.7144.5144.7140.2140.1135.5135.3135.4135.1135.0134.7134.9134.6134.8134.3134.6134.3134.4134.2134.4134.230107.6109.0105.6107.5106.9108.2105.3106.491.899.6101.8102.6104.5105.333.8176.8134.7151.0146.1145.9141.1140.9141.0140.7140.7140.2140.5140.2140.3139.9140.1139.8140.0139.7139.9139.731147.0148.9140.7143.6139.2141.6137.6138.8130.9132.3126.4129.0110.4116.7110.3112.645.0160.7154.9154.8149.0148.7148.8148.4148.4147.9148.2147.8148.0147.4147.8147.4147.6147.3147.5147.332141.1142.3127.8131.8120.8124.7124.2124.5124.0124.099.6108.521.9183.0169.7172.5140.2152.1146.8146.6141.3141.0141.1140.8140.8140.3140.6140.2140.4139.9140.2139.8140.0139.8140.0139.733123.4124.299.8105.281.790.491.491.393.993.418.0201.8135.1148.8149.1148.6149.8148.6143.7143.4138.7138.5138.5138.3138.3137.8138.2137.8137.8137.5137.7137.4137.6137.3137.5137.33482.182.664.871.320.1223.7219.6220.6214.2215.0106.4130.4131.7130.3130.5130.2131.0130.2126.9126.6123.4123.2123.2123.1123.2122.8123.0122.8122.8122.5122.7122.5122.7122.4122.6122.435107.0107.633.5286.4157.4185.8185.8185.9185.8185.9185.6185.6185.7185.6185.6185.6185.6185.6183.9186.0188.8187.9188.8188.1187.1188.3187.4188.5189.2188.5188.8188.5188.0188.5188.4188.63698.198.697.798.399.597.897.497.597.597.499.097.298.597.297.497.197.997.292.691.988.288.488.188.288.787.988.587.887.687.687.787.587.987.587.787.537122.2123.0124.5122.4124.2122.0121.4121.6121.5121.3123.4121.2122.9121.2121.5121.0122.0121.1114.5113.4108.4108.8108.5108.6109.2108.1109.0108.0107.8107.7107.9107.7108.2107.6107.9107.638151.7152.7150.6148.3150.3147.8147.2147.3147.3147.0149.4146.8148.8146.8147.2146.7147.8146.7137.1135.1128.1129.0128.3128.6129.9128.0129.5127.8127.3127.5127.6127.4128.3127.3127.8127.339132.6133.5130.6128.1130.2127.4126.7126.8126.9126.5129.2126.3128.5126.3126.7126.1127.4126.2116.3113.7105.3106.4105.4105.9107.5105.2107.0104.9104.2104.5104.6104.5105.5104.4104.9104.440110.5111.3107.6105.4107.3104.8104.2104.3104.3104.0106.4103.8105.7103.8104.1103.6104.8103.796.593.685.586.785.786.387.985.687.485.384.685.085.084.985.984.885.384.8表9.1-5钢斜撑轴力值统计表（单位：kN）轴线2-1-F2-2-T2-2-F2-3-T2-3-F2-4-T2-4-F2-5-T2-5-F2-6-T2-6-F2-7-T2-7-F2-8-T2-8-F2-9-T2-9-F2-10-T2-10-F2-11-T2-11-F2-12-T2-12-F2-13-T2-13-F2-14-T2-14-F2-15-T2-15-F2-16-T2-16-F2-17-T2-17-F2-18-T2-18-F27-177.6-180.4-178.8-176.8-175.9-21.93-61.13-59.05-61.03-63.03-61.09-62.29-61.07-60.67-61.22-61.29-61.21-71.83-70.41-76.4-78.46-77.31-79.45-81.27-80.15-81.21-80.59-79.55-81.14-80.19-81.45-81.78-81.6-81.21-81.6235//-249.6-80.93-115-115.7-115.6-115.6-115.9-113.1-115.9-113.9-115.9-115.6-116-114.9-116-119.3-122.7-131.5-130.2-131.5-130.8-129.1-131.5-129.7-131.9-132.8-132.2-132.3-132.2-131.2-132.3-131.9-132.434////-203-196.9-198.2-187.3-188.9-28.8-59.94-59.78-59.87-59.84-59.87-59.83-59.87-60.32-60.57-60.93-60.77-60.85-60.83-60.7-60.82-60.69-60.88-60.94-60.85-60.86-60.85-60.78-60.85-60.83-60.8528//////-167.3-18.5-45.48-45.82-45.47-45.68-45.46-45.31-45.42-45.46-45.42-46.3-46.43-47.25-47.21-47.23-47.29-47.23-47.33-47.23-47.38-47.39-47.39-47.36-47.4-47.34-47.41-47.37-47.4129////////-183.5-166.4-170.3-140.9-146.2-49.21-71.25-71.18-71.24-70.4-70.42-69.55-69.46-69.52-69.43-69.34-69.34-69.31-69.34-69.39-69.27-69.33-69.25-69.25-69.24-69.27-69.2433//////////-189.6-63.47-85.44-85.52-85.38-85.75-85.38-84.03-84.06-82.67-82.53-82.59-82.47-82.39-82.34-82.35-82.33-82.4-82.23-82.32-82.2-82.23-82.18-82.24-82.1832////////////-175.9-138.4-146.5-75.95-100.1-97.87-97.77-95.57-95.46-95.5-95.36-95.34-95.16-95.27-95.13-95.18-94.99-95.11-94.95-95.04-94.92-95.03-94.9230//////////////-139.3-62.71-89.21-87.69-87.63-86.12-86.06-86.09-86.01-86.02-85.86-85.95-85.85-85.88-85.74-85.82-85.72-85.79-85.7-85.77-85.731////////////////-111.9-109-108.7-106-106-105.9-105.8-106-105.6-105.9-105.5-105.5-105.4-105.5-105.3-105.5-105.3-105.4-105.37//////////////////-380.2-372.9-373.5-363.9-365.7-146.8-205.8-202.4-204.7-205.1-205.1-204.9-205.2-204.5-205.3-204.8-205.315////////////////////-323.7-105-157.2-160-158-159.7-158.5-155.7-158.5-157.1-158.9-159.5-159.1-158.6-159.114//////////////////////-255.8-241.9-246-224.7-228.8-43.86-89.19-88.31-88.52-88.38-88.5-88.49-88.498////////////////////////-264.6-20.78-69.83-70.13-69.76-69.54-69.53-67.86-68.96-68.69-68.979//////////////////////////-279.6-248.2-255.5-205-217-63.37-111.8-111.4-111.513////////////////////////////-226.7-42.07-88.11-87.87-87.96-87.52-87.7512//////////////////////////////-217.3-156-175.1-75.99-119.310////////////////////////////////-175.4-71.82-117.211//////////////////////////////////-37.349.1.8上径向索锚固工况分析钢斜撑安装完成后，继续同步牵引上径向索直至锚固到位，位形和索力如下图所示。图9.1-125工况3-0索杆系位形（mm）图9.1-126工况3-0径向索内力（N）图9.1-127工况3-0环索内力（N）表9.1-6上径向索索力（kN）轴线12345678910索力616.3633.4663.5613.8458.8372.2249.8533.5558.8584.8轴线11121314151617181920索力637.7582.7531.7440.6133.4346.6464.9559.5616.5620.0轴线21222324252627282930索力635.7586.7612.3571.1441.3345.5114.5349.0383.6446.1轴线31323334353637383940索力454.4427.0409.2401.2248.4344.9479.9615.8629.5610.9表9.1-7环索索力（kN）轴线12345678910索力2768278127932796279027852788278127712762轴线11121314151617181920索力2756275527532749272727172704267626412614轴线21222324252627282930索力2604261426352656266526722704271227102699轴线31323334353637383940索力2691269226992706270827202738275027512754表9.1-8钢斜撑轴力（kN）轴线789101112131415轴力90.8-214.5-232.5-259.5-307.7-268.3-223.4-135.1218.2轴线272829303132333435轴力282.2-35.2-99.4-219.1-259.4-213.3-156.9-120.8113.0上径向索锚固后，径向索索力和钢斜撑轴力如上表所示，可知，上径向索锚固后最大索力为663.5kN，在上径向索锚固后，已经形成稳定的索网结构体系，此时，钢斜撑由于环索预张后部分轴线对应的钢斜撑受到一定的拉力作用。9.1.9张拉工况分析事实上，钢斜撑安装完成后，结构已经具有一定的初内力，此时结构除下挂的钢撑杆和下径向索外，可视为稳定的结构体系。牵引下径向索锚固并进行同步张拉，张拉过程中分为四级同步张拉，分别为25%—50%—75%—105%。最终得到张拉力如下表6-7所示，表中与设计索力的误差主要是由于索夹重量产生的。张拉完成态的位移和内力如下图所示。表9.1-9张拉力值（单位：kN）轴线编号第一级第二级第三级第四级设计索力误差/%36225.1450.2675.4900.5866.8-3.937240.0480.0720.0959.9917.2-4.738343.4686.91030.31373.71310.8-4.839310.6621.3931.91242.61180.7-5.240293.2586.3879.51172.71124.3-4.31277.0554.0831.01107.91064.6-4.12323.1646.2969.31292.41242.5-4.03343.8687.61031.51375.31313.7-4.74353.2706.31059.51412.61353.8-4.35240.1480.3720.4960.6919.4-4.56171.9343.8515.7687.6652.2-5.416154.3308.5462.8617.1585.9-5.317228.7457.4686.2914.9879.3-4.018277.8555.7833.51111.41065.9-4.319304.4608.7913.11217.51165.3-4.520282.6565.3847.91130.51082.5-4.421286.4572.8859.11145.51108.2-3.422268.5537.0805.51074.01032.3-4.023286.9573.7860.61147.51092.6-5.024287.9575.8863.71151.61103.8-4.325233.1466.2699.3932.3898.7-3.726172.1344.2516.4688.5660.6-4.2图9.1-128张拉完成态钢构等效应力变化/MPa图9.1-129张拉完成态结构竖向位移/mm图9.1-130张拉完成态钢斜撑内力/N图9.1-131张拉完成态环索内力/N图9.1-132张拉完成态上径向索内力/N图9.1-133张拉完成态下径向索内力/N9.1.10结论（1）提升阶段最大径向索力为206.3kN，出现在体育场⑭轴线，整个提升过程中的提升力在31.2~206.3kN。上径向索锚固阶段最大索力为663.5kN，在上径向索锚固后，已经形成稳定的索网结构体系，此时，钢斜撑由于环索预张后部分轴线对应的钢斜撑受到一定的拉力作用。（2）钢斜撑安装阶段最大提升力为176.5kN，发生在安装钢斜撑㉙时，提升高度为1550mm，绝对标高为+64.157m；钢斜撑⑪绝对标高最大为+70.193m，此时提升力为111.6kN，提升高度为750mm。（3）张拉阶段最大张拉力为1412.6kN，张拉完成后钢构最大等效应力变化为106.9MPa，最大竖向位移为70.9mm。张拉完成后各位置索力与设计索力对比如下：表9.1-10上径向索内力/kN轴线编号设计索力/kN完成态索力/kN误差/%11103.71073.0-2.821054.41016.1-3.631117.81067.7-4.54988.3939.2-5.05844.0807.8-4.36784.1750.1-4.371594.71554.3-2.581624.11585.7-2.491726.41691.0-2.0101832.01799.2-1.8112014.61983.0-1.6121832.11799.8-1.8131627.01592.9-2.1141347.21312.9-2.5151230.41193.9-3.016748.5718.3-4.017931.9900.1-3.4181096.81057.9-3.5191121.51077.3-3.9201124.41084.6-3.5211088.01059.3-2.6221051.61017.6-3.2231149.91103.9-4.0241096.41056.6-3.625882.0853.6-3.226791.6766.7-3.227977.9953.3-2.5281081.31061.1-1.9291220.21204.0-1.3301431.71416.7-1.0311477.51465.0-0.8321383.11370.5-0.9331314.81299.5-1.2341277.41257.2-1.6351458.61434.5-1.636586.1558.3-4.737937.9903.8-3.6381043.8992.8-4.9391130.81081.0-4.4401091.41054.7-3.4表9.1-11下径向索（杆）内力/kN轴线编号设计索力/kN完成态索力/kN误差/%11064.61107.9-4.121242.51292.4-431313.71375.3-4.741353.81412.6-4.35919.4960.6-4.56652.2687.6-5.416585.9617.1-5.317879.3914.9-4181065.91111.4-4.3191165.31217.5-4.5201082.51130.5-4.4211108.21145.5-3.4221032.31074-4231092.61147.5-5241103.81151.6-4.325898.7932.3-3.726660.6688.5-4.236866.8900.5-3.937917.2959.9-4.7381310.81373.7-4.8391180.71242.6-5.2401124.31172.7-4.3表9.1-12环索索力/kN轴线编号设计索力/kN完成态索力/kN误差/%19978.610003.80.329981.810006.60.239964.99989.80.249895.99921.00.359788.39813.10.369726.39750.50.279663.29686.70.289603.79626.00.299548.49569.10.2109507.09526.30.2119487.09505.90.2129496.09515.50.2139512.69532.70.2149533.69554.80.2159548.59570.80.2169527.59549.60.2179545.69567.60.2189511.59532.70.2199435.79456.10.2209381.39401.50.2219348.39368.40.2229351.79371.70.2239377.29397.80.2249390.99412.20.2259376.19397.90.2269384.39406.20.2279394.09414.30.2289392.39412.00.2299364.49384.20.2309321.09341.20.2319299.19320.10.2329324.19346.20.2339376.39399.60.2349440.09464.20.3359533.89559.80.3369597.39623.10.3379721.09746.30.3389826.79851.30.3399885.29910.00.3409931.49956.60.3表9.1-13环索索夹位置位移/mm轴线编号UXUYUZ1-1.9-35.55.72-1.9-32.83.93-1.0-25.6-1.941.3-17.2-9.054.1-12.0-13.367.3-8.0-16.6710.4-4.6-20.8811.8-2.6-25.0913.2-0.7-30.61013.80.2-35.51113.60.4-37.81214.80.3-37.41314.60.6-34.71413.91.5-31.31513.23.0-26.61610.16.2-21.7176.99.8-17.9183.315.3-13.319-0.323.9-7.120-2.032.1-1.221-2.135.81.622-2.234.40.223-3.628.7-5.524-6.521.8-11.825-9.217.4-17.026-12.713.4-22.127-17.59.1-28.528-18.46.5-38.329-20.34.4-47.430-21.63.7-53.331-23.03.6-57.732-22.83.5-56.033-20.32.0-50.034-16.8-0.9-42.435-14.2-4.4-34.836-11.0-9.2-27.237-7.6-14.6-20.038-5.2-20.8-11.339-3.1-28.3-1.940-2.0-33.94.1Max-23.0-35.5-57.7

9.2钢构件长度误差影响分析本工程索网结构的径向索均设置可调端，环索可通过对接螺杆调节，因此本方案只考虑钢斜撑的长度误差。首先以单根钢斜撑为研究对象，研究结构预应力分布及环索节点位形（环索节点位形一定程度上表征了结构的刚度）对不同位置处单根钢斜撑的索长误差的敏感性；然后以单根钢斜撑为研究对象，施加不同的长度误差，以引起的索力偏差不超过设计成形态预应力值的5%为要求，制定单根钢斜撑的长度误差限值；最后，以得到的误差限值作为钢斜撑最大允许长度误差，生成若干组正态分布的随机误差样本，通过MATLAB完成蒙特卡罗法抽取满足上述正态分布的随机索长误差样本。将随机抽取的18组索长误差样本采用施加温度荷载的方法引入有限元模型进行分析，同时编写APDL程序得到张拉成形态结构索力及位形响应，并对数值计算结果进行数据统计，其程序流程如图7-1所示。根据结果对钢斜撑长度误差限值的合理性进行评价，并为施工验收标准提供建议。图9.2-1随机误差影响分析流程图9.2.29.2.1误差敏感性研究采用有限元软件ANSYS建立与实际工程一致的计算模型，其中周边钢结构采用Beam188单元，钢斜撑和竖杆采用Link8单元，拉索采用Link10单元，通过施加初应变的方法模拟初始预拉力。图7-2为上径向索、下径向索、钢斜撑、环索四类拉索（杆）的分类编号及环索节点编号，其中SJS、XJS、GXC、HS分别表示上径向索、下径向索、钢斜撑、环索。依次取一根钢斜撑，通过施加温度荷载模拟长度误差，计算其本身及附近其他主索索力相对于设计成形态预应力的变化量，该相对变化量为［(Fi'-Fi)/Fi］×100%其中，Fi为设计成形态下的主索索力；Fi'为误差状态下的主索索力。计算附近环索节点位形相对于设计成形态位形的变化量［|di'-di|/di］×100%其中，di为设计成形态下各环索节点(i=1～40)相对于结构无应力时的安装位形状态的位移；di'为误差状态下各环索节点相对于结构无应力态的位移。上径向索和环索编号下径向索和节点编号图9.2-2构件编号图为研究结构预应力分布及环索节点位形对单根钢斜撑长度误差的敏感性，分别使钢斜撑缩短其自身长度的1/250，以东西两侧中间处的GXC05和GXC14为例，分别缩短20.2mm和26.1mm，计算主要构件内力相对变化量及环索节点位形相对变化量，如表所示。表9.2-2内力相对变化/kN编号理想模型GXC05误差/%GXC14误差/%GXC01-438.6-438.30.06-438.20.08GXC02-277.5-277.30.07-277.20.10GXC03-409.7-409.40.08-409.20.11GXC04-600.7-619.33.09-600.00.12GXC05-760.5-716.25.84-759.60.12GXC06-612.4-632.23.23-611.70.12GXC07-219.4-219.30.05-219.20.10GXC089.19.01.059.01.11GXC0981.881.60.2781.50.30GXC10-521.4-521.10.05-521.00.08GXC11-561.9-561.50.07-561.50.07GXC12-646.9-646.40.08-647.80.14GXC13-730.3-729.60.08-784.67.45GXC14-900.3-899.50.08-782.213.11GXC15-764.8-764.20.08-818.16.98GXC16-598.2-597.70.08-599.00.14GXC17-305.9-305.70.06-305.70.06GXC18-230.4-230.30.02-230.30.01HS019939.79929.90.109925.90.14HS029895.29885.40.109881.60.14HS039842.19832.30.109828.60.14HS049741.59731.70.109728.20.14HS059623.29613.40.109610.10.14HS069566.09556.20.109553.00.14HS079480.39470.60.109467.50.14HS089423.69413.80.109410.90.13HS099379.39369.50.109366.70.13HS109359.49349.40.119346.80.13HS119382.79372.30.119370.10.13HS129424.39414.80.109411.60.13HS139446.19436.70.109433.40.13HS149443.49434.00.109430.60.13HS159433.19423.80.109420.30.14HS169419.49410.10.109406.60.14HS179431.29422.00.109418.30.14HS189414.09404.90.109401.10.14HS199383.79374.70.109370.80.14HS209375.79366.70.109362.70.14HS219407.49398.50.109394.30.14HS229464.59455.50.109451.20.14HS239543.59534.50.099530.10.14HS249581.19572.00.099567.50.14HS259563.49554.40.099549.80.14HS269587.49578.40.099573.60.14HS279574.09565.00.099560.20.14HS289554.19545.20.099540.30.14HS299538.29529.30.099524.30.15HS309529.99521.00.099515.60.15HS319549.59540.50.099534.90.15HS329589.59580.50.099575.60.14HS339643.89634.80.099629.90.14HS349701.69692.50.099687.70.14HS359756.19746.90.099742.20.14HS369812.99803.60.099799.00.14HS379916.29906.70.109902.20.14HS389981.19971.50.109967.10.14HS399994.79985.00.109980.70.14HS409988.69978.80.109974.70.14XJS01672.0671.30.10671.00.15XJS02930.1929.10.11928.70.15XJS031406.71405.20.111404.60.15XJS041378.81377.40.101376.70.15XJS051301.51300.20.101299.70.14XJS061105.01103.80.111103.30.15XJS071195.01193.80.101193.30.15XJS081250.01248.70.111248.10.15XJS091384.41383.00.101382.40.15XJS10944.7943.60.11943.10.16XJS11913.2912.30.10911.90.14XJS12716.2715.50.10715.10.15XJS13943.3942.40.10941.90.15XJS141167.11165.80.111165.30.15XJS151172.01170.70.111170.20.15XJS161105.91104.80.101104.20.15XJS171159.31158.20.101157.60.15XJS181158.51157.30.101156.70.15XJS191248.11246.80.101246.20.15XJS201140.81139.50.111139.00.16XJS21945.6944.60.10944.20.14XJS22643.6643.00.10642.60.16SJS01766.5765.80.09765.50.13SJS02845.1844.40.08844.00.13SJS03930.4929.60.09929.20.13SJS041041.61040.60.091040.20.13SJS05992.8991.90.10991.50.14SJS061065.81064.90.091064.50.13SJS071042.61041.60.101041.30.13SJS081045.21044.20.091043.90.13SJS09963.6962.70.09962.30.13SJS10910.2909.40.09909.20.11SJS11575.1574.50.10574.30.14SJS121461.01459.60.091459.20.12SJS131293.01291.70.101291.30.13SJS141330.81329.60.101329.10.13SJS151401.71406.40.331399.90.13SJS161500.91487.40.901499.00.13SJS171447.41454.10.461445.50.13SJS181234.91233.80.091233.30.13SJS191099.81098.80.091098.40.13SJS201000.2999.30.09999.00.12SJS21779.1778.40.09778.10.12SJS22838.2837.40.09837.10.12SJS231030.51029.60.091029.20.12SJS241059.31058.40.091057.90.13SJS25983.0982.10.09981.70.13SJS261055.41054.40.091054.00.13SJS271060.11059.20.091058.80.13SJS