2024届高考英语 二轮复习 语法填空 专题练习（含解析）

Passage1AsoneofChina'straditionalfolkhandicrafts,woodcarvingisabranchofcarving.Chinahasatime­honouredhistoryofwoodcarving.Itdidn'tbecomeakindofart1.________peoplebegantohaveartisticability.The2.________(early)existingwoodcarvingwasunearthedin1980inHubeiProvinceandwasbelieved3.________(make)duringtheWarringStatesabout3，000yearsago.InoneofHanYu'spoems,hedescribedawood­carvingfigurevividly.DuringtheSongandYuanDynasties,somepainters4.________(begin)tofocusonwood­carvingpainting.InQingDynasty,woodcarvingreachedanewpeak,andthereweremanyartistsspecialized5.________woodcarving.Todaymany6.________(value)woodcarvingsarekeptintheImperialPalaceinBeijingandYuyuanGardeninShanghai.Accordingtodifferentusages,woodcarvingcanbemainlydividedintotwocategories.The7.________(apply)woodcarvingisendowedwith(赋予)thepracticalfunctionaswellasthedecorativevalue.Theycanserveaschairs,tables,sofas,screens,flower8.________(shelf)andsoon.Somekindsofcarvingareonlyusedasdecoration,whichaccountfor9.________largeportion(部分)ofwoodcarvings.They10.________(shape)intonumerousanimals,flowersandhumanfigures.Passage2Mostofushavefeltthe1.________(annoy)whenoursmartphonebreaksallofasudden.Phonemanufacturersseemtogotoextraordinarylengthstostopconsumers2.________(open)thebackoftheirphonestotryDIYrepairs.Helpisaroundthecorner.Fairphoneisanewcompany3.________hasproducedaself­repairablemobilephone.ThefounderisBasvanAbel,aDutchdesignengineer,whosetouttomake“theworld'sfirstethicalsmartphone”.He4.________(start)hiscompanyin2013withfourbasicprinciples.First,hesaidwhathewantedtodowasuserawmaterialsfromnon­conflictminingareas.Healsowantedtomake5.________productthatwasrecyclable,durableandrepairable.TheFairphonesays6.________(it)missionistomotivate“amassiveindustrytotakeresponsibilityforitsimpactontheworld,byestablishingaviable(可行的)marketforethicalelectronics”.It7.________(highlight)thefactthatmanyworkerswhoproducetechnologyareworkinginunacceptable8.________(condition).Finally,itsays:“Astimegoesby,communicationtechnologyisontracktoaccount9.________14percentoftheworld'sgreenhousegasemissionsby2040.”TheFairphonecomeswithascrewdriver(螺丝刀)andis10.________(easy)repairable.Theplasticusedis40percentrecycled,andthemineralsareethicallysourced.Passage3Asisknowntoall,peoplearoundtheworldspendbillionsofdollarseveryyear1.________(attempt)tolookyounger.Companiesproducethousandsofcreams,pillsandtreatmentsforourskintolookyounger.Inaddition,scientists2.________(work)fordecadesontryingtoslowdowntheageingprocess.Thisweek,scientistsmadeabreakthrough.Theyhavedevelopedamethodto“timejump”cellsinhumanskin.ThescientistsfromtheBabrahamInstituteinCambridge,theUKsaytheycanturnback3.________ageingclockincellsby30years,whichcouldmakeskinlookyounger.Skincellsintheirtestskeptalloftheimportantfunctions.Thescientistssaytheirresearchisstillatanearlystage,4.________thatitcouldhelppeoplelookyoungerinthefuture.Thetechniquedeveloped5.________thegroupcouldchangemedicineandhealth.Theleadresearcher,DrDiljeetGill,said：“Sofar,we'veonlytestedthistechniqueinskincells.We'reexcited6.________(see)ifwecantranslateitacrossothercelltypes.”Thismeansitcould7.________(use)totreatskinproblems,likeburns,acneandeczema.Thescientistshopetheir8.________(finding)couldalsobeappliedtootherpartsofthebody.Theirnewmethodcouldadditionallyhelptohealcutsmorequickly,9.________(especial)inolderpeople.ResearcherDrWolfReiksaid：“Ifyoucutyourself,it'lltake10.________(quick)tohealthewound.”Passage4Chinalauncheditsthirdaircraftcarrier,theFujian,inShanghaionJune17th,2022.Thecarrier,1.________(name)afterFujianProvince,wascompletelydesignedandbuiltbyChina.Thenewcarrierwasputintothewateratalaunchceremonythatstartedatabout11am.ApprovedbytheCentralMilitaryCommission,theFujian2.________(give)thehull(船体)Number18.ItisChina'sfirstdomestically­madecarrierthatusescatapults(弹射器).Uponitscompletion,3.________hugeshipwilldisplace(排出)morethan80，000metrictonsofwater,makingitthe4.________(large)andmightiestwarshipanyAsiannationhaseverbuilt.Asisknowntoall,beforetheFujianaircraftcarrier,thePLANavyhashadtwocarriers—CNSLiaoningandCNSShandong,bothof5.________haveastandarddisplacementofaround50，000tonsandaconventionalsystem,anduseaskijumpmodefor6.________(launch)fixed­wingaircraft.7．________theLiaoningandShandongbeingincreasinglyusedforpatrollinganddrills,Chinaneededanotheraircraftcarrier8.________(increase)itsinnerpower,inordertomaintainmaritimepeaceand9.________(stable)intheregion.TheFujiancandothatjobonceitcompletes10.________(it)seatrials.Passage5Formanyblindpeopleandthosewithvisiondifficulties,lifecanbemadeeasierwithaguidedog.Butmakingagoodguidedog1.________(take)muchwork.Andformany,thelongroadbeginswhenthedogisapuppy.Forexample,five8­week­oldpuppiesarrivedinMarylandinFebruary.Atthattime,theywereloving,playfulanimals—likeallpuppies.Nowhowever,theyareontheroadto2.________(become)usefulmembersofsociety.Iftheyprove3.________(them)able,theycouldbecomeguidedogs.Theywillhelptoimprovethelivesofpeoplewithvision4.________(lose)andvisionimpairment.Thefaithful­friends­to­bearepartofatrainingprogrammeof5.________organizationcalledGuidingEyesfortheBlind.Theyoungdogswerebredforhealthandtemperamentwhichmeanshowtheyrespond6.________theirenvironment.However,breedingalonewillnotbeenough.Theywillneednurturingfromdogtrainingexpertsandvolunteers7.________(call)PuppyRaisers.Thegoalofthisnurturingistoturnthe8.________(energy),playfulpuppiesintowell­behavedandwell­socializeddogs.Onceasolidfoundationisinplace,puppiesmustleavetheirraisersandreturntotheGuidingEyestrainingcentre9.________theygetofficialguidedogtraining.10.________(final),dogsdemonstratetodecidewhethertheycanbecomeaguidedogfortheblind.Passage6Theworld'slargestigloocafecanbefoundinnorthernIndia.Aniglooisashelterthatisusuallyroundandismade1.________snowandice.Butthecafewillnotexistfortoomuchlonger.The40­seatbusiness2.________(expect)tomeltawaysometimeinMarch.ItisattheHimalayanwintersportsresort,3.________is50kilometressouth­westofSrinagarand2，500metresabovesealevel.WasimShahisthe4.________(create)ofthecafe.Anigloovillage5.________(build)inSwitzerlandhelpedShahcomeupwiththeidea.Thecafehastwoareas.Coffeeandsmallfoodsareservedinonearea.Theotherisforartwork.Shahsaid,“Ittookus64days6.________(complete).Weemployedalllocalstoconstruct7.________andthesnowartwasalldonebyme.”Thecafe8.________(immediate)becamepopularwithvisitors.Thebusinesshas300to400visitorseveryday.Visitorswearwinterclothesandsitonsheepskinseatstostaywarm.Itisthesecondyearthatthey9.________(construct)theigloocafe.Thisyear'sigloocouldservealmost20，000visitorsduringafullseason.Shahhasa10.________(big)plan.Thegoalistocreateanigloovillagenextyear.Itwillhaveplacestosleep,alongwiththecafe.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了中国传统民间手工艺木雕。1．答案与解析：until考查固定结构。此处含有not...until...结构，表示“直到……才……”。2．答案与解析：earliest考查最高级。通过分析可知，此处指最早存在的木雕是1980年在湖北省出土的，空格处需用最高级。3．答案与解析：tobemade考查非谓语动词。首先根据bebelievedtodo可知空处需用不定式结构，再根据make与主语woodcarving为动宾关系可知此处需用不定式的被动式。4．答案与解析：began考查时态。此处讲的是宋朝和元朝时的事情，需用一般过去时。5．答案与解析：in考查介词。bespecializedin是固定短语，表示“专攻”。6．答案与解析：valuable考查形容词。空处需用形容词修饰名词woodcarvings，表示宝贵的雕刻品。7．答案与解析：applied考查非谓语动词。通过分析可知，apply与被修饰词woodcarving之间为动宾关系，空处需用过去分词作定语。8．答案与解析：shelves考查名词复数。根据前面“chairs,tables,sofas,screens”都为名词复数可知，此处shelf也要用相应的复数形式shelves。9．答案与解析：a考查冠词。此处指占据了一大部分，alargeportionof意为“一大部分”。10．答案与解析：areshaped考查时态和语态。shape在此处为动词，与主语they为被动关系，应用被动语态，且此处叙述事实，用一般现在时。【语篇解读】很多人都经历过手机突然坏了的烦恼，Fairphone手机公司为了应对这种状况，开发了一款可以自己修理的节能环保手机。1．答案与解析：annoyance考查名词。空格处作宾语，需用名词annoyance。2．答案与解析：opening考查非谓语动词。此处为stop...（from）doingsth.结构中省略了from的用法。3．答案与解析：that/which考查定语从句。先行词为anewcompany，指物，限制性定语从句中关系代词作主语，that和which均可。4．答案与解析：started考查动词时态。根据时间状语in2013可知句子用一般过去时。5．答案与解析：a考查冠词。制作一款可回收利用、耐用又可修复的产品，表示泛指。6．答案与解析：its考查代词。修饰名词mission用形容词性物主代词its。7．答案与解析：highlights考查动词时态和主谓一致。空格处陈述事实，用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。8．答案与解析：conditions考查名词复数。condition意为“环境”时，常用复数形式。9．答案与解析：for考查介词。accountfor在此意为“占据比例”。10．答案与解析：easily考查副词。此处需用副词修饰形容词repairable。【语篇解读】谁不想青春永驻，看着更加年轻？科学家们在此问题上奋斗多年，终于有了重大突破。他们找到了一种办法，这种办法可以让细胞逆转30年，让人看起来更加年轻。1．答案与解析：attempting考查非谓语动词。spend...（in）doingsth.意为“花费……做某事”。2．答案与解析：haveworked/havebeenworking考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据句中fordecades可知，科学家们奋斗了几十年试图减缓衰老。此处可以用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时，主语scientists为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。3．答案与解析：the考查冠词。此处表示特指，用定冠词。4．答案与解析：but考查连词。科学家们说，他们的研究还处于早期阶段，但是能够帮助人们在未来看起来更年轻。前后为转折关系，but符合题意。5．答案与解析：by考查介词。句中指由这个组研发的这门技术，介词by接动作的执行者。6．答案与解析：tosee考查非谓语动词。beexcitedtodo为常用结构。7．答案与解析：beused考查被动语态。句中指能够被用来处理皮肤问题，could后用被动语态。8．答案与解析：findings考查名词复数。finding表示“研究结果”，多用复数形式。9．答案与解析：especially考查副词。修饰介词短语“inolderpeople”需用副词形式。10．答案与解析：quicker考查比较级。根据上文的“morequickly”以及语境可知，如果伤到了自己，伤口的痊愈速度更快，空格处需用比较级，此时quick为副词。【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。2022年6月17日，中国第三艘航空母舰成功下水，标志着中国领海能力再上一个台阶。1．答案与解析：named考查非谓语动词。该句谓语为“wasdesignedandbuilt”，空格处为非谓语动词，句中指“被命名为”，需用过去分词作定语。故填named。2．答案与解析：wasgiven考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空格处为谓语动词，主语theFujian与动词give之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，且事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，主语为单数形式。故填wasgiven。3．答案与解析：the考查冠词。此处特指这艘航空母舰，需用定冠词。故填the。4．答案与解析：largest考查形容词最高级。根据空前定冠词the和后面的并列形容词最高级mightiest可知，设空处也应该用形容词最高级形式，修饰后面的名词warship。故填largest。5．答案与解析：which考查定语从句。此处考查定语从句中“介词＋关系代词”结构，先行词为CNSLiaoningandCNSShandong（辽宁舰和山东舰），指物，在of后作宾语，故填which。6．答案与解析：launching考查非谓语动词。此处为固定短语usesth.fordoingsth.表示“用某物做某事”，for为介词，故用动名词形式。故填launching。7．答案与解析：With考查介词。结合后文可知，空后接了宾语和非谓语动词，可见是with的复合结构。8．答案与解析：toincrease考查非谓语动词。空格处用不定式作目的状语。9．答案与解析：stability考查名词。maintain后需用名词作宾语，与peace并列。10．答案与解析：its考查代词。空处需用形容词性物主代词修饰seatrials。【语篇解读】对于许多盲人和视力有问题的人来说，有了导盲犬，生活可以变得更容易。但是，培养一只好的导盲犬需要做很多工作。本文介绍了幼犬是如何被训练成合格的导盲犬的。1．答案与解析：takes考查动词时态及主谓一致。根据句意可知，表示一般情况应用一般现在时。又因为动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。2．答案与解析：becoming考查非谓语动词。to为介词，后面跟动名词作宾语。t