【解析】江苏省沭阳县修远中学泗洪县淮北中学鸿翔中学2019-2020学年高二下学期联考英语试题

20192020学年度高二下学期修远、淮北、洪翔联考英语试卷（考试时间120分钟试卷满分150分）第I卷（选择题，共100分）第一部分听力（共两节，每题1.5分，满分30分）第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Bossandworker.2.Wherearethespeakersmostprobably?A.Inastore.B.Inanelevator.C.Athome.3.WhichpartofMaria'sbodygothurt?A.Herarm.B.Herhand.C.Herneck.4.WhatdoesBillthinkofthemovie?A.Disappointing.B.Exciting.C.Touching.5.Whatdidthedoctoraskthemantodo?A.Receiveanoperation.B.Haveagoodrest.C.Takesomemedicine.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Talkingonthephone.B.Eatinginarestaurant.C.Playingonabeach.7.WhydoesthewomanwanttogotoMexicoCity?A.TohaveMexicanfood.B.Toenjoytheweather.C.Tovisitherrelatives.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。8.Howdidthemanintendtochangehisappointment?A.Bycallingitoff.B.Bychangingittoanotherday.C.Bymakingitearlieronthesameday.9.WhenwillthemanseeDr.Wilson?A.At3：00pmonWednesday.B.At4：30pmonWednesday.C.At10：00amonThursday.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。10.Whatkindsofflowersdoesthemanwant?A.Onesthatlookfantastic.B.Onesthatdowellintheshade.C.Onesthatdon'tneedalotofwater.11.Whyisthemanunwillingtobuyappletrees?A.Hedislikesapples.B.Theyrequiretoomuchwater.C.Hisgardendoesn'tgetenoughsun.12.Wherearethespeakersprobablytalking?A.Inagardenstore.B.Intheman'sgarden.C.Onthephone.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。13.Howdoesthewomanfindtheman'ssuggestionatfirst?A.Interesting.B.Absurd.C.Reasonable.14.Whatwillthesecondrobotdo?A.Putlabelsonthebottles.B.Fillbottleswithmixture.C.Packthebottlesintoboxes.15.Whataretherobotsabletodoaccordingtotheman?A.Workquietly.B.Workquickly.C.Worktirelessly.16.Whatmightthemanasktheworkerstodo?A.Findnewjobs.B.Controltherobots.C.Fixthebrokenrobots.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。17.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutherfirstroommate?A.Sheisextremelytidy.B.Shehasagoodtemper.C.Sheseldomtidiestheroom.18.Whatupsetthespeakermostwhenshelivedwithforeigngirls?A.Themessyhouse.B.Thenoisyparties.C.Thehighelectricitybill.19.Whatisthebiggestadvantageoflivingwithagoodfriend?A.Shedoesn'tneedtocookeveryday.B.Shehassomeonetosharefeelings.C.Shecanliveinanewandquietplace.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Problemsofsharingflats.B.Friendshipwithroommates.C.Experiencesofsharingflats.第二部分阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIstanbul&FacesTitled"TimelessCity:Istanbul&Faces",theTurkeyphotographyexhibitioncelebratesthe30thanniversaryofIstanbulandShanghai'ssistership.The42yearoldphotographerfocusesonthedistinctive(独特的）historicalquartersandtheatmospherethatspreadsinIstanbul.Hisworkalsopaysrespectstoitspeopleaswell,withwelldefinedportraits.Date:TillJan.18,10a.m.4p.m.Venue:ShanghaiArtCollectionMuseum.KnittedWorksTheknitted(编织的）showisaimedatraisingawarenessofpostnataldepression.Theworkswerecreatedbymorethan20mothersfromdifferentcities.Alltheknitteddollsandotherworkswillbesoldwiththeprofits(利益）goingtocharitywhentheexhibitionends.Ifyouareinterestedintheknittedworks,youcanorderaspecialpiece.Date:TillJan.1,7a.m.9p.m.Venue:BlJinxiuFun.OldShanghaiTeahouseThenewlyopenedzoneatShanghaiDungeonfeaturesnostalgicsetsandexperiencesforvisitorstohave"scaryfun".VisitorscanweartraditionalChinesecostumesandtakephotoswiththeperformers.Date:Daily,11a.m.8p.m.Venue:MosaicShanghaiMail.MusicalTitanicTheTonyAwardswinningmusical"Titanic"isinShanghaiwithmorethan100characterscast.Theimpressivestageeffectspromisetotaketheaudiencetothebottomoftheocean.Date:TillJan22,2p.m.7:30p.m.Venue:SAICShanghaiCultureSquare.1.WhereshouldyougoifyouwanttolearnmoreaboutTurkey'shistory?A.ShanghaiArtCollectionMuseum.B.MosaicShanghaiMail.C.B1JinxiuFun.D.SAICShanghaiCultureSquare.2.Whatcanweknowaboutknittedworks?A.Peoplecanhaveatalkwiththecreators.B.Alltheworkscanbesoldwhentheshowbegins.C.Theshowofferspeoplechancestolearnhowtomakeone.D.Theyweremadebypeoplefromdifferentplaces.3.WhatmakestheMusicalTitanicspecial?A.Itsopeningtimeisthelongest.B.Itraisesmoneyforaspecialpurpose.C.Itoffersalifelikeexperienceunderwater.D.Itallowsinteractingwithperformers.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个上海的特色旅游项目。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段Istanbul&Faces中的The42yearoldphotographerfocusesonthedistinctive(独特的）historicalquartersandtheatmospherethatspreadsinIstanbul.可知，这位42岁的摄影师专注于在伊斯坦布尔的独特的历史街区和所传播的氛围。而该土耳其的摄影展的地址是Venue:ShanghaiArtCollectionMuseum.另外，伊斯坦布尔是土耳其的一个城市。所以，在“上海艺术收藏博物馆”就可以了解土耳其的历史。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二部分KnittedWorks中的Theworkswerecreatedbymorethan20mothersfromdifferentcities.“这些作品是由来自不同城市的20多名母亲创作的。”可知，这些针织作品是来自不同地方的不同的人制作的。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第四部分MusicalTitanic中的Theimpressivestageeffectspromisetotaketheaudiencetothebottomoftheocean.“令人印象深刻的舞台效果承诺把观众带到海底。”可知，它提供给观众在水下的逼真的体验。故选C。BToday'sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Keyskillsetforsuccessispersistence(毅力),acharacteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.BYUprofessorsLauraPadillaWalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthesefindingsafterfollowing325Americanfamiliesoverseveralyears.Andovertime，thepersistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementinschool."Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleoffathers，"PadillaWalkersaid."Thisresearchalsohelpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchaspersistencewhichcanbetaughtarekeytoachild'slifesuccess.”Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean"authoritative"parentingstyle.Authoritativeparentingisnotauthoritarian:rigid，demandingorcontrolling.Rather，anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather；responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressedchildrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy(自主权).Inthestudy，about52percentofthedadsexhibitedaboveaveragelevelsofauthoritativeparenting.Akeyfindingisthatovertime，childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence，whichleadstobetteroutesinschool.Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14yearoldslivingintwoparenthomes.Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence，whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.4.WhatisspecialabouttheBYUprofessors'study?A.Itcenteredonfathers'roleinparenting.B.Itwasbasedonanumberoflargefamilies.C.Itanalyzeddifferentkindsofparentingstyles.D.Itaimedtoimprovekids'achievementinschool.5.Whatwouldanauthoritativefatherdowhenraisinghischildren?A.Ignoretheirdemands. B.Makedecisionsforthem.C.Controltheirbehaviors. D.Explaintherulestothem.6.Whichgroupcanbeafocusoffuturestudiesaccordingtotheresearchers?A.Singleparents.B.Childrenagedfrom11to14.C.Authoritarianfathers.D.Mothersintwoparenthomes.7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathers.B.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFuture.C.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFather.D.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance.【答案】4.A5.D6.A7.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位。研究人员认为，父亲们需要采用一种“权威”的养育方式，且一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.（杨百翰大学的研究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位）可知杨百翰大学研究的特别之处在于，它关注的是父亲在养育子女中的角色。故选A。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中Rather，anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather；responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressedchildrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy.（相反，权威的养育方式包括以下一些特征:孩子们感受到来自父亲的温暖和爱；强调责任和规则背后的原因；孩子们被给予适当的自主权）可知一个有权威的父亲在抚养孩子时会向他们解释规则。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence，whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.（然而，研究人员认为，单亲父母仍然可能在教授坚持不懈的好处方面发挥作用，这是未来研究的一个方向）可知根据研究人员的说法，单亲父母是未来研究的重点。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段中Akeyfindingisthatovertime，childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence，whichleadstobetteroutesinschool.（一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩）和文章主要内容为说明父亲在养育子女中的角色，故选C选项“孩子们倾向于向父亲学习决心”最符合文章标题。故选C。CGoogle“informationoverload”andyouareimmediatelyoverloadedwithinformation:morethan7mhitsin0.05seconds.Someofthisinformationisinteresting:forexample,thephrase“informationoverload”waspopularisedbyAlvinTofflerin1970.Someofitismerenoise:obscurepaniespromotingtheirservicesandevenmoreobscurebloggerssoundingoff.Theoverallimpressionisatonceoverwhelmingandconfusing.“Informationoverload”isoneofthebiggestirritationsinmodernlife.Thereareemailstoanswer,YouTubevideostowatchand,backinthephysicalworld,meetingstoattendandpaperstoshuffle(翻动).AsurveybyReutersoncefoundthattwothirdsofmanagersbelievethatthedatadeluge(泛滥)hadmadetheirjobslesssatisfyingorhurttheirpersonalrelationships.Onethirdthoughtthatithaddamagedtheirhealth.Anothersurveysuggeststhatmostmanagersthinkmostoftheinformationtheyreceiveisuseless.Someresearchersraisethreebigworries.First,informationoverloadcanmakepeoplefeelanxiousandpowerless:scientistshavediscoveredthatmultitaskersproducemorestresshormones.Second,overloadcandiscouragecreativity.TeresaAmabileofHarvardBusinessSchoolhasspentmorethanadecadestudyingtheworkhabitsof238people.Shefindsthatfocusandcreativityareconnected.Peoplearemorelikelytobecreativeiftheyareallowedtofocusonsomethingforsometimewithoutinterruptions.Ifconstantlyinterruptedorforcedtoattendmeetings,theyarelesslikelytobecreative.Third,overloadcanalsomakeworkerslessproductive.DavidMeyeroftheUniversityofMichiganhasshownthatpeoplewhopletecertaintasksinparalleltakemuchlongerandmakemanymoreerrorsthanpeoplewhopletethesametasksinsequence.Whatcanbedoneaboutinformationoverload?Oneansweristechnological:relyonthepeoplewhocreatedthefogtoinventfilters(过滤器)thatwillcleanitup.Xeroxpromisestorestore“informationpurity”bydevelopingbetterfilteringandmanagingdevices.Asecondanswerinvolveswillpower.TurnoffyourmobilephoneandWiFifromtimetotime.Mostpaniesarebetteratgivingemployeesaccesstotheinformationsuperhighwaythanatteachingthemhowtodrive.Thisisstartingtochange.Managementconsultantshavespottedanopportunity.DerekDeanandCarolineWebbofMcKinseyurgebusinessestoapplythreeprinciplestodealwithdataoverload:findtimetofocus,filteroutnoiseandforgetaboutworkwhenyoucan.Businessleadersarechippingin.DavidNovakofYum!Brandsurgespeopletoaskthemselveswhetherwhattheyaredoingisconstructiveoramere“activity”.CristobalCondeofSunGard,anITfirm,preserves“thinkingtime”inhisschedulewhenhecannotbedisturbed.Thismightsoundlikemonsense.Butmonsenseisrareamidthecacophony(不和谐的声音)ofcorporatelife.8.AccordingtothesurveyconductedbyReuters,mostmanagersbelieve______.A.thedatadelugedoesharmtotheirhealth.B.mostinformationtheyreceiveisofgreatuse.C.informationoverloaddestroystheirpersonalrelationship.D.theirjobsaresatisfyingthankstotherichinformationontheInternet.9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTadamagingeffectofinformationoverload?A.Makingpeopleunproductive. B.Causingpeopletolackcreativity.C.Arousingpeople’snegativefeelings. D.Leavingpeoplebadatmultitasking.10.Thetechnologicalwaytodealwithinformationoverloadisto______.A.improvethetechniqueforfilteringdata B.limittheuploadingofinformationC.providelimitedaccesstotheInternet D.developbettersearchengines11.WhichofthefollowingactionmayDerekDeanandCarolineWebbapproveof?A.Listeningtomusicwhileworking. B.Finishingseveraltasksatthesametime.C.Takingyourmindoffworkoccasionally. D.Avoidingusingyourmonsenseinyourwork.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今信息超载是现代生活中最大的烦恼之一。人们认为信息超载不仅破坏人际关系，而且大部分信息都是无用的。文章还说明了三点信息过载的破坏性影响，以及人们对此的应对措施。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中AsurveybyReutersoncefoundthattwothirdsofmanagersbelievethatthedatadeluge(泛滥)hadmadetheirjobslesssatisfyingorhurttheirpersonalrelationships.可知路透社的一项调查曾发现，三分之二的管理人员认为，数据泛滥使他们的工作不那么令人满意，或伤害了他们的人际关系。由此可知，根据路透社的调查，大多数管理者认为信息超载会破坏他们的人际关系。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中First,informationoverloadcanmakepeoplefeelanxiousandpowerless:scientistshavediscoveredthatmultitaskersproducemorestresshormones.Second,overloadcandiscouragecreativity.可知首先，信息超载会让人感到焦虑和无力：科学家发现，一心多用的人会产生更多的压力荷尔蒙。第二，超负荷会阻碍创造力。由此可知，A选项和C选项属于信息过载的破坏性影响；再根据第三段中Third,overloadcanalsomakeworkerslessproductive.可知第三，超负荷工作也会降低员工的工作效率。由此可知，C选项属于信息过载的破坏性影响。故只有D选项“让人们不擅长多任务处理”不是信息过载的破坏性影响。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中Whatcanbedoneaboutinformationoverload?Oneansweristechnological:relyonthepeoplewhocreatedthefogtoinventfilters(过滤器)thatwillcleanitup.Xeroxpromisestorestore“informationpurity”bydevelopingbetterfilteringandmanagingdevices.可知如何应对信息过载？一个答案是技术上的：依靠制造雾的人发明过滤器来清理雾。Xerox承诺通过开发更好的过滤和管理设备来恢复“信息纯度”。由此可知，改进数据过滤技术是解决信息超载的技术途径。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中DerekDeanandCarolineWebbofMcKinseyurgebusinessestoapplythreeprinciplestodealwithdataoverload:findtimetofocus,filteroutnoiseandforgetaboutworkwhenyoucan.可知麦肯锡的DerekDean和CarolineWebb敦促企业运用三条原则来应对数据过载：找时间集中注意力，过滤噪音，尽可能忘掉工作。结合选项可推知，C选项“偶尔把你的注意力从工作中解放出来”DerekDean和CarolineWebb可能会赞成。故选C。DLookingathispileofunpaidbillsalwaysmakesGiuseppeDelGiudicefeeluneasy.Sometimesheincurs(招致)latefees,butinmanywaystheemotionaltoll(代价)isworse.“Thelongerthebillsgounpaid,”saysDelGiudice,58,“themoremyanxietyincreases.”Attheendofthedayormonth,mostpeoplegettheirtasksdoneontime,butaround20percentarechronicprocrastinators(慢性拖延者)athomeandatwork.Onebigfactorforthemisfearoffailure,ofnotlivinguptoexpectations.KelliSaginak,a57yearoldfunctionalhealthcoachfromWisconsin,procrastinatedaboutlookingforanewjobforyears.Thatinabilitytotakeactiononlyconfirmedherbeliefthatshewouldneverdoanybetter.“IfIdon’ttaketherisk,decide,ormit,Idon’thavetofacethejudgment,”saysSaginak.Somepeopleacceptprocrastination,believingthattheymakeprogressunderpressure.Butresearchershavedisprovedthatview.“Ididanexperimentseveralyearsago,puttingprocrastinatorsunderrestrictionsoftime,”saysJosephFerrari,apsychologyprofessoratDePaulUniversity.“Theydidworsethannonprocrastinators,buttheythoughttheydidbetter.Theymademoreerrors.Theytooklonger.”Whateverthemotivation,delayingadietorexerciseprogrammayincreaseyourriskofheartdisease.Nothavingseenthedoctorwhenyourillnesswaseasiertotreatmayshortenyourlife.Justthinkingaboutwhatyouhaven’tdonemaycausedisfort.“Procrastinatorsexperiencehigherlevelsofstress,bothfromleavingthingstothelastminuteandfromtheirownnegativeandselfcriticalfeelingsabouttheirprocrastination,”saysFuschiaSirois,apsychologylecturerattheUniversityofSheffield.Oneofthemostmonlyprocrastinatedactivitiesisgoingtobed.“Youcanputyourlightsonatimeddimmerswitchtoencourageaconsistentbedtime,”saidJoelAnderson,aphilosophyresearcherlectureratUtrechtUniversity,whoperformedanexperimentonthisandfounditworkedonmostofhissubjects.“Theyformedanintention,”Andersonsays.“Oneofthemsaid,‘Whenthelightsstarttodim,I’llstartgoingtobed.’Then,rewardyourselfforeachstepyoutaketowardyourgoal.Butdon’ttrytoconvinceyourselfitwillworktheotherwayaround!”12.WhatpreventedKelliSaginaksteppingintothejobmarketagain?A.Heroldage. B.Herlackofskills.C.Herfearofjudgment. D.Herpastfailure.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thatview”inParagraph3referto?A.Procrastinatorstendtomisjudgetheirabilities.B.It’shardforpeopletosucceedunderpressure.C.Procrastinationispartofthehumancondition.D.Pressureusuallyleadstobetterperformance.14.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Differentformsofprocrastinating. B.Negativeeffectsofprocrastinating.C.monexcusesforprocrastinating. D.Specificsuggestionsforprocrastinating.15.HowshouldpeoplesticktoafixedbedtimeaccordingtoJoelAnderson?A.Theycanuselightingaslittleaspossible.B.Theycanfirstaskthemselvesabouttheirintentions.C.Theycanreadsomeboringresearchpapers.D.Theycantrysendingthemselvessignalstoinspireaction.【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。在一天或一个月快结束的时候，大多数人都会按时完成他们的任务，但是大约有20%的人在家或工作中都有慢性拖延症。有些人接受拖延，认为他们会在压力下取得进步，但研究人员反驳了这种观点。文章主要说明了拖延的负面影响，以及针对睡觉拖延所给出的一些建议。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“IfIdon’ttaketherisk,decide,ormit,Idon’thavetofacethejudgment,”saysSaginak.可知“如果我不冒险、不做决定、不做承诺，我就不用面对评判，”Saginak说。由此可知，KelliSaginak对评判的恐惧，阻止了她再次进入就业市场。故选C。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文Somepeopleacceptprocrastination,believingthattheymakeprogressunderpressure.Butresearchershavedisproved可知有些人接受拖延，认为他们会在压力下取得进步。但研究人员反驳了这种认为压力通常导致更好的表现的观点。由此可知，thatview指代的是“压力通常导致更好的表现”。故选D。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段内容Whateverthemotivation,delayingadietorexerciseprogrammayincreaseyourriskofheartdisease.Nothavingseenthedoctorwhenyourillnesswaseasiertotreatmayshortenyourlife.Justthinkingaboutwhatyouhaven’tdonemaycausedisfort.“Procrastinatorsexperiencehigherlevelsofstress,bothfromleavingthingstothelastminuteandfromtheirownnegativeandselfcriticalfeelingsabouttheirprocrastination,”saysFuschiaSirois,apsychologylecturerattheUniversityofSheffield.可知不管动机是什么，推迟节食或锻炼计划可能会增加你患心脏病的风险。在你的病比较容易治疗的时候没有去看医生可能会缩短你的寿命。仅仅想到你没有做的事情可能会让你感到不适。谢菲尔德大学的心理学讲师FuschiaSirois说:“拖延者感受到的压力更大，既有把事情留到最后一分钟做的，也有自己对拖延症的消极和自我批评。”由此可知，第四段的主要内容是拖延的负面影响。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Youcanputyourlightsonatimeddimmerswitchtoencourageaconsistentbedtime,”saidJoelAnderson,aphilosophyresearcherlectureratUtrechtUniversity,whoperformedanexperimentonthisandfounditworkedonmostofhissubjects.“Theyformedanintention,”Andersonsays.“Oneofthemsaid,‘Whenthelightsstarttodim,I’llstartgoingtobed.’”Then,rewardyourselfforeachstepyoutaketowardyourgoal.Butdon’ttrytoconvinceyourselfitwillworktheotherwayaround!可知“你可以把灯开到定时调光开关，以鼓励人们坚持睡觉时间，”乌得勒支大学的哲学研究兼讲师JoelAnderson说。“他们形成了一个意图，”Anderson说。“其中一个说，‘当灯光暗下来的时候，我就开始睡觉。然后，为你向目标迈进的每一步奖励自己。但是不要试图说服你自己，它会起反作用！”由此可推知，JoelAnderson认为人们应该可以试着给自己发送信号来激励自己采取行动，从而坚持固定的就寝时间。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thedictionaryisn’tforever.Whathappenstoawordwhenitspopularitystartstodecline?Here’showtheprocessofdeletingawordfromthedictionaryworks.Thedictionaryisactuallyasteadilyenlargingvolume.____16____Newwordsarisefromemergingandexpandingdisciplines.Definitionsalsochangeandshift,somonwordsgainnewmeanings.Ontheotherhand,therearealsowordsthatbeeoutdated.___17___Whodecideswhichwordstodelete?____18____Whileaddingawordtothedictionaryisapreciseprocess,it’sevenmoredifficultforawordtogetdeleted.Editorsmaintainandstudyvastlanguagedatabasestokeepuptodateonthewordsincirculationacrossvariousmedia.TheOxfordEnglishDictionarycoverstheEnglishlanguageoverthelast1,000years,andit’sconsidereddefinitiveandauthoritative.____19____Andeachhasitsownprocessforadditionsandremovals.___20___A2019petition(请愿)with30,000signaturescallsfortheOxfordEnglishDictionarytoremovesexistlanguageanddefinitions,especiallythosetermsundertheword“woman.”AndMerriamWebsterrecentlychangeddefinitionsofidentityrelatedwordstoreflectnewculturalmeaningsaroundfairness.A.Somenewwordsmightbeoutofdateoneday.B.Asaresult,wordsgetremovedfromthedictionary.C.Dictionaryadditionsanddeletionsreflectsocialchanges.D.It’suptothedictionaryeditorstomakethefinaldecision.E.That’sbecausetheEnglishlanguageconstantlydevelopsandchanges.F.Theseareoftenthetypesofwordsthatwillmakeitintodictionaries.G.However,therearemanyotherdictionariesthatarereliableandtrustworthy.【答案】16.E17.B18.D19.G20.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英语是不断发展和变化的。新词汇产生于新兴和扩展的学科，定义也会变化，所以常用词有了新的含义。另一方面，有些词也会过时。结果，有些单词就从字典中删除了。文章说明了从字典中删除一个单词的过程。【16题详解】根据前文Thedictionaryisactuallyasteadilyenlargingvolume.（这本词典实际上是一本不断扩大的书。）故推测本句应介绍字典不断扩大的原因。故E选项“这是因为英语语言不断发展和变化。”符合上下文语境。故选E。【17题详解】根据前文Ontheotherhand,therearealsowordsthatbeeoutdated.（另一方面，有些词也会过时。）可推测本句说明一些词过时的结果。结果就是这些单词被从字典中删除。故B选项“结果，单词就从字典中删除了。”符合上下文语境。故选B。【18题详解】根据前文Whodecideswhichwordstodelete？（谁来决定删除哪些单词。）上文提出问题，故本空应是对上文谁决定删除那些单词的回答。故D选项“词典的最终决定权在编辑手中。”符合上下文语境。故选D。【19题详解】根据前文TheOxfordEnglishDictionarycoverstheEnglishlanguageoverthelast1，000years，andit'sconsidereddefinitiveandauthoritative（《牛津英语词典》涵盖了过去1000年的英语，被认为是权威的。）以及下文Andeachhasitsownprocessforadditionsandremovals.（每个都有自己的添加和移除流程。）可推知本句是说明除了《牛津英语词典》之外，其他许多可靠的字典也有自己的添加和移除单词的流程。故G选项“然而，有许多其他的字典是可靠的和值得信赖的。”符合上下文语境。故选G。【20题详解】根据下文A2019petition（请愿）with30，000signaturescallsfortheOxfordEnglishDictionarytoremovesexistlanguageanddefinitions.（2019年，一份有3万人签名的请愿书呼吁《牛津英语词典》删除性别歧视语言和定义。）可推知社会的变化也会影响词典的增删。故C选项“词典的增删反映了社会的变化。”符合上下文语境。故选C。第三部分完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）请阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项Peoplehavebeensayinggreatthingsaboutmydadlately.Theykeeptellingmethatmydadisaherobecauseofhis_____21_____.Mydadisasurgeon,andlikemanyotherdoctorsinChina,he_____22_____togotoWuhantocareforpatientsthere.Butthehospitalwhereheworksonlyaskedhimtomakesurethat____23____patientsarestillabletoreceiveregulartreatment.Somydadjustfollowshisnormal____24____,analyzingpatients’diseasesandperformingchestoperations.Withallkindsofplimentstowardmydad,Ibecame_____25_____.MydadhasbeenadoctorlongbeforethisCOVID19outbreak;whyhasnooneelsepraisedhimasaherobefore?Didn’the_____26_____suchplimentswhenthisdiseasewasn’taround?Whenwetalkaboutheroes,whatkindof_____27_____oftenjumpsintoourminds?Warleaderswhoconqueredeverythingthatstood_____28_____theirway?Historiccharacterswho_____29_____astrongkingdom?Orourdearmoviestars:theAvengers?Well,theyareindeedheroes,andtheymademarvelousachievements._____30_____,arethepagesofheroesjustpreparedforthesesocalled“supermen”and“superwomen”?Idon’tthinkso.Heroesexistinourreallives.Theycanbeseenandtheyare_____31_____justlikeyouandI.NowmanystreetsofChinesecitiesarealmost_____32_____,theschoolsareclosedandtheshopsareshut.Butinthisworld,somethingsremain_____33_____.Ifthere’safire,justcall119,andyouknowthatthefirefighterswillbetherewithinminutes.Ifyouhappentogooutontheroad,you’lleacrosspoliceofficerswavingtheirflagsto_____34_____thetraffic._____35_____,inhospitals,fromdoctorstonurses,cleanerstosecurityguards,thesepeoplestill_____36_____theirjobs,doingthesameservicesasthey_____37_____did.Thereasonwhytheyarestilldedicatedisnota_____38_____forpliments,butoutofawillingnessfortheir_____39_____.Thesepeople,whoareorwere_____40_____themselvestothejob,donotneedtobepraisedasheroesonlynowbecausetheyareheroesallthetime.21.A.ambition B.qualification C.occupation D.passion22.A.offered B.claimed C.plotted D.intended23.A.terminal B.acute C.stubborn D.local24.A.section B.routine C.trend D.criterion25.A.proud B.confused C.content D.disappointed26.A.demand B.adore C.deserve D.undertake27.A.image B.occasion C.script D.scene28.A.on B.for C.in D.against29.A.enlarged B.seized C.sought D.ruled30.A.Therefore B.However C.Eventually D.Moreover31.A.ordinary B.consistent C.clumsy D.fragile32.A.evident B.broad C.diverse D.empty33.A.dynamic B.holy C.unchanged D.abundant34.A.direct B.address C.classify D.convey35.A.Universally B.Similarly C.Partly D.Originally36.A.stickto B.showoff C.touchon D.liveupto37.A.never B.seldom C.rarely D.ever38.A.tendency B.desire C.substitute D.preference39.A.reputation B.growth C.duty D.opportunity40.A.withdrawing B.exposing C.submitting D.mitting【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.B26.C27.A28.C29.D30.B31.A32.D33.C34.A35.B36.A37.D38.B39.C40.D【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了我的爸爸是一名外科医生，主动请缨支援武汉的时候被留在原来的医院，为了保证当地病人能够接受常规的治疗。当我面对铺天盖地对医生的英雄赞歌时，我却认为英雄亦凡人，凡人皆英雄。对于那些一直在自己的工作岗位上奉献的人，我们不应该只在当下为他们送上赞美，因为他们一直都是英雄。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们一直在告诉我，因为我爸爸是一名医生，所以他是一个英雄。A.ambition抱负；B.qualification资格；C.occupation职业；D.passion激情。根据下文中的Mydadisasurgeon,andlikemanyotherdoctorsinChina,he_____2_____togotoWuhantocareforpatientsthere.(我爸爸是一名外科医生，和其他的中国医生一样，他主动请缨支援武汉)可知人们一直称赞我的爸爸，是因为他的医生职业。故选C项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我爸爸是一名外科医生，和其他的中国医生一样，他主动请缨支援武汉。A.offered提出；B.claimed声称；C.plotted标绘；D.intende