2023-2024学年广东省阳江市黄冈实验学校高一下学期开学收心考试英语试卷（解析版）

阳江市黄冈实验学校2023~2024学年第二学期高一开学收心考试英语试题注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。2.第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。3.第Ⅱ卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试卷上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。第Ⅰ卷第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATheMostBeautifulTrainStationsintheWorldTokyoStationMarunouchiBuildingThewide-openentrancesquareontheMarunouchisideofTokyo’smaintrainstationwouldlookmoreathomeinAmsterdamorParis.KingoTatsuno’sclassicalEuropeandesigntookoversixyearstocomplete,finallyopeningin1914.ThestatinhasreceivedseveralfaceliftssincetheSecondWorldWar,mostrecentlyin2012.It’soneofthebiggestandbusiesttrainstationsintheworld.BeijingWestRailwayStationTheideaofbuildingthisstationinthecapitalofChinawasputforwardasearlyas1959butdidn’tcometorealityuntil1996.ItwasthelargeststationinAsiaatthetime,althoughShanghai’sHongqiaoStationhassincesurpassedit.Thestationitselfhasauniquearchitectural(建筑的)style,withthemainbodyofthebuildinghavingquiteafunctionalRussianlook,buttherooftopisdecoratedwiththreeamazingChinesepagodas.DuoliangStation,TaiwanThisisthesmalleststationonthislitbyadistance.Infactwe’renotreallychoosingDuoliangforarchitecturalreasons.Thisstationisallaboutlocation,location,location.SurroundedbyhitopgreeneryononesideandamazingPacificOceansceneryontheother,it’soneofthemostscenicspotsinallofTaiwan.Thisisn’tevenaworkingstationanymore,buttheplatformshavebeenadaptedintoviewingspots,extremelypopularwithlocaltrainspotters.StazioneMilanoCentraleinMilanMilan’scentraltrainstationlooksprettymuchexactlyasyou’dimagineit.Thereareamixofstylesatplayhere,fromArtNouveautoArtDeco,buttheentirebuildingisfilledwithaclassicsenseofRomanmonumentality.Theouterlookisguardedbytwostatues,whileitsinsidesareequallyimpressive,asgrandstonewallscurve(弯曲)intothestation’sglassceilings.1.WhatdoTokyoStationandBeijingWestRailwayStationhaveincommon?A.BothhaveEuropeanfeatures.B.Bothwerebuiltintheearly1990s.C.Bothhavebeenrebuiltseveraltimes.D.Botharethelargestdomesticstations.2.WhatdotrainspottersfavormostaboutDuoliangStation?A.Itsdistance. B.Itssmallsize.C.Itssurroundingscenery. D.Itsarchitecturalstyle.3.WhatmakesStazioneMilanoCentraleimpressive?A.Romanbuildings B.Itsvariousstyles.C.Statuesonthewalls D.Thecurvingceilings.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上最漂亮的火车站。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据TokyoStationMarunouchiBuilding中的“Thewide-openentrancesquareontheMarunouchisideofTokyo’smaintrainstationwouldlookmoreathomeinAmsterdamorParis.KingoTatsuno’sclassicalEuropeandesigntookoversixyearstocomplete,finallyopeningin1914.(东京中央火车站之内一侧宽阔的入口广场看起来更像是阿姆斯特丹或巴黎的建筑风格。Tatsuno的古典欧式设计花了六年时间才完成，最终于1914年开放)”及BeijingWestRailwayStation中的“Thestationitselfhasauniquearchitectural(建筑的)style,withthemainbodyofthebuildinghavingquiteafunctionalRussianlook(车站本身有独特的建筑风格，建筑主体具有相当实用的俄罗斯建筑外观)”可知，两座火车站都有欧式特点。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据DuoliangStation,Taiwan中的“SurroundedbyhitopgreeneryononesideandamazingPacificOceansceneryontheother,it’soneofthemostscenicspotsinallofTaiwan.(它一边被高高的绿色植物包围，另一边是令人惊叹的太平洋风景，它是台湾最美丽的景点之一)”可知，火车爱好者最喜欢多良站周围的景色。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据StazioneMilanoCentraleinMilan中“Thereareamixofstylesatplayhere,fromArtNouveautoArtDeco,buttheentirebuildingisfilledwithaclassicsenseofRomanmonumentality.Theouterlookisguardedbytwostatues,whileitsinsidesareequallyimpressive,asgrandstonewallscurve(弯曲)intothestation’sglassceilings.(从新艺术到装饰艺术，这里的风格多种多样，但整座建筑都充满了经典的罗马纪念性。车站的外部由两座雕像守护，而内部也同样令人印象深刻，宏伟的石墙与车站的玻璃天花板形成曲线)”可知，各种各样的风格使得StazioneMilanoCentrale印象深刻。故选B项。BThelastattemptofKenCampbelltoruncoulddatebacktohighschool.Whenhiswife,Susan,injuredherfoot,sheneededsupporttorejoinherrunninggroup,soCampbellwentalongtokeephercompanyintherecovery.”Wewerejustwalkingatthebeginning,”hesays,“Iwasheavy,andweighedover90kg.”Butastheweeksandmonthspassed,theweightfellaway,SusanrecoveredandCampbell’sabilitiesgrew.Attheageof63,heran50km,andat70,hecompleteda100kmultramarathon.Sohowdoessomeonewithnoexperienceofrunningbecomeanultradistancerunnerinhis60sand70s?Susanhadrunmarathonsbeforeherinjury,butforCampbell,theturningpointcamewhenSusan’sFleetFeetrunninggroupstartedtrainingneartheirhome.CampbellwentouttovisitSusan’sgroup,and“thepathswereaterriblemess.Ithadbeenraining,andIwasslipping,slidingandfalling.ButIthought,well,Ilikethisalot.”Whathelikedaboveallwasthefeelingof“beingwrappedbythepath,beinghuggedbytheclosenessoftheplantsandthenearnessoftheriver”.Runningthe100kmultramarathontookCampbell16hours.WhenCampbellcrossedthefinishline,Susanhandedhima100kmstickertodisplayonthebackofhistruck.“Itisapublicstatementthatyouarepartofthiscommunity,”hesays.“Whereverwepark,IseealineofvehicleswiththeirvariousstickersandIfeelthatweareacommunity.”Campbellsufferedfromarthritisbeforehestartedrunning,andwas“waitingforkneereplacement”,butfornow,henolongerneedsanoperation.Itcanputanendtotherunning—butthe“senseofwellbeingandachievementwillcarrymeonforever”,hesays,“IfIcan’trun,Iwillwalk.”4.WhatisParagraph1mainlyabout?A.WhatledtoCampbell’sweightloss.B.WhatmadeCampbellstartrunning.C.WhyCampbellattemptedtorunmarathon.D.WhatCampbelldidforSusan’srecovery.5.WhatwastheturningpointforCampbell?A.Susan’sstartingtraining. B.Fallingdownwhentraining.C.Feelingfreeinnature. D.HisvisittoSusan’sgroup.6.Whatdidthe100kmstickermeantoCampbell?A.Asenseofbelonging. B.Encouragementfromhiswife.C.Asenseofachievement. D.Displayofhishappiness.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Wellbegunishalfdone. B.Itisnevertoolatetobegin.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess. D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.B【解析】【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了KenCampbell从零开始跑步，逐渐成为超级长跑运动员的励志故事。【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“ThelastattemptofKenCampbelltoruncoulddatebacktohighschool.Whenhiswife,Susan,injuredherfoot,sheneededsupporttorejoinherrunninggroup,soCampbellwentalongtokeephercompanyintherecovery.”Wewerejustwalkingatthebeginning,”hesays,“Iwasheavy,andweighedover90kg.”Butastheweeksandmonthspassed,theweightfellaway,SusanrecoveredandCampbell’sabilitiesgrew.”（肯·坎贝尔最后一次尝试跑步要追溯到高中。当他的妻子苏珊的脚受伤时，她需要帮助才能重新加入跑步小组，所以坎贝尔陪着她一起康复。”一开始我们只是走路，”他说，“我很重，体重超过90公斤。”但几周、几个月过去了，体重减轻了，苏珊恢复了健康，坎贝尔的能力也增强了）可知，第一段主要是关于是什么让坎贝尔开始跑步的。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Susanhadrunmarathonsbeforeherinjury,butforCampbell,theturningpointcamewhenSusan’sFleetFeetrunninggroupstartedtrainingneartheirhome.”（苏珊受伤前曾跑过马拉松，但对坎贝尔来说，转折点出现在苏珊的FleetFeet跑步小组开始在他们家附近训练的时候。）根据第三段CampbellwentouttovisitSusan’sgroup,and“thepathswereaterriblemess.（坎贝尔去拜访苏珊的团队，“路上一片狼藉。”）可知，坎贝尔的转折点是他对苏珊团体的访问。故选D项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“WhenCampbellcrossedthefinishline,Susanhandedhima100kmstickertodisplayonthebackofhistruck.“Itisapublicstatementthatyouarepartofthiscommunity,”hesays.“Whereverwepark,IseealineofvehicleswiththeirvariousstickersandIfeelthatweareacommunity.””（当坎贝尔冲过终点线时，苏珊递给他一张100公里的贴纸，让他在卡车后面展示。“这是一份公开声明，表明你是这个社区的一部分，”他说。“无论我们在哪里停车，我都会看到一排贴着各种贴纸的车辆，我觉得我们是一个社区。”）可知，100公里的贴纸对坎贝尔意味着归属感。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Attheageof63,heran50km,andat70,hecompleteda100kmultramarathon.”（63岁时，他跑了50公里，70岁时，他完成了100公里的超级马拉松。）可知，文章主要讲述了KenCampbell从零开始跑步，逐渐成为超级长跑运动员的励志故事。所以从短文中学到的是开始永远不嫌晚。故选B项。CIfadiversurfacestooquickly,hemaysufferthebends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)inhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.Theconsequence,ifthebubbles(气泡)accumulateinajoint,issharppainandabentbody—thusthename.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbrain,theconsequencecanbedeath.Otherair-breathinganimalsalsosufferthisdecompression(减压)sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast:whales,forexample.Andso,longago,didichthyosaurs.Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply.Thiskillsthecellsinthebone,andconsequentlyweakensit,sometimestothepointofcollapse.Fossil(化石)bonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends.BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.Tothisend,heandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld’snatural-historymuseums,lookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassicperiodandfromthelaterJurassicandCretaceousperiods.Whenhestarted,heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils,reflectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.Instead,hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydied,butnotasingleTriassicspecimen(标本)showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury.Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeans,theyclearlydidsoquickly—and,moststrangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator(捕食动物)suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceans,bycontrast,weremercifullyshark-andcrocodile-free.IntheTriassic,then,ichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain.IntheJurassicandCretaceous,theywereprey(猎物)aswellaspredator—andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.8.Whichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomofthebends?A.Atwistedbody. B.Agradualdecreaseinbloodsupply.C.Asuddenreleaseofnitrogeninblood. D.Adropinbloodpressure.9.ThepurposeofRothschild’sstudyistosee________.A.howoftenichthyosaurscaughtthebends B.howichthyosaursadaptedtodecompressionC.whyichthyosaursbenttheirbodies D.whenichthyosaursbroketheirbones10.Rothschild’sfindingstatedinParagraph4________..A.confirmedhisassumption B.speededuphisresearchprocessC.disagreedwithhisassumption D.changedhisresearchobjectives11.Rothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs________.A.failedtoevolveanantidecompressionmeansB.graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebendsC.diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodilesD.evolvedanantidecompressionmeansbutsoonlostit【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.A【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，文章介绍了对鱼龙等海洋生物变弯曲的原因的研究。【8题详解】细节理解题。第一段第三句提到遭遇bend的症状是"sharppainandabentbody"，此处bent等于twisted，意为"扭曲的，弯曲的"，故答案选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句"Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears．"可知Rothschild教授的研究目的是鱼龙如何适应减压问题，答案为B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第二句"Instead，hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite．"可知研究结果与他原本的假设相反，因此答案为C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeans，theyclearlydidsoquickly-and，moststrangely，theylostitafterwards．可以推断出答案，Rothschild可能已经得出结论：鱼龙类生物未能进化出反减压器官，故选A。DChineseTeapotEscapingfromBritishMuseumGoesViralChinesestatemediahaspraisedaviralvideoseriestellingthestoryofajadeteapotcomingtolifeandfleeingtheBritishMuseumtomakeitswaybackhome.Thesetofthreeshortepisodes,entitledEscapefromtheBritishMuseum,showstheteapotturningintoayoungwomaninagreendress,whothenengagesaLondon-basedChinesejournalisttohelpherreunitewithherfamily.ItappearstohavestruckachordinChinaafterfirstbeingreleasedbyindependentvloggersonDouyin,China’sequivalenttoTikTok.ByMondayevening,ithadreportedlyrackedupmorethan310millionviews.TheplotlinetapsintogrowingChinesecriticismoftheBritishMuseumafterreportslastmonththatmorethan1,500pricelessobjects,includinggoldjewelry,semi-preciousstonesandglass,weremissing,stolenordamaged.InAugustthestatemediatabloidGlobalTimescalledforthereturnofChineseartefactsfromthemuseum“freeofcharge”inthewakeofthecontroversy.“ThehugeloopholesinthemanagementandsecurityofculturalobjectsintheBritishMuseumexposedbythisscandalhaveledtothecollapseofalong-standingandwidelycirculatedclaimthat‘foreignculturalobjectsarebetterprotectedintheBritishMuseum’,”itsaid.⑦Itstronglysupportedthevideoseriesfortouchingona“powerfulmessage”abouttheimportanceofculturalheritageandreflecting“Chinesepeople’syearningfortherepatriationoftheChineseculturalrelics”.Inafurtherjibeatthemuseum,itinterpretedthejadeteapot’ssurpriseatthesizeofthejournalist’sresidenceasdepictingthe“casualattitudeoftheBritishMuseumtowardChineseculturalrelics,asmanyofthemarecrammedintoonecabinetforexhibition”.StatebroadcasterCCTValsogavetheshortfilmsaglowingreviewsaying:“WeareverypleasedtoseeChineseyoungpeoplearepassionateabouthistoryandtradition…WearealsolookingforwardtotheearlyreturnofChineseartefactsthathavebeendisplacedoverseas.”ThemuseumscandalmadeheadlinesaroundtheworldandrevivedearlierdemandsbytheChinesemediatorestorethecountry’srelics.Thenewthree-partshowhasunleashedawaveofnationalismamongviewers,withmanypraisingthecreativeplotthatreducedthemtotearsbyshowinghowtheteapotexperiencedthehappinessofreturningtoChinatoseepandasandwatchaflag-raisingceremonyonTiananmenSquare.12.WhatexcusedoesBritaingiveforkeepingothernations’culturalobjectsinitsmuseum?A.Ithastakenpossessionoftheseobjectsbyalllawfulmeans.B.Theseobjectsmaycometolife,fleetheircountriesandgoviral.C.Theseobjectsaresaferandtakenbettercareofinitsmuseum.D.Itisrequestedbyothernationstoprotecttheirculturalobjects.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“repatriation”(Para.7)probablymean?A.Repair. B.Reflection. C.Return. D.Reserve.14.Whichcanweinferfromthepassage?A.ALondon-basedChinesejournalisthascontributedalottotheviralthree-partvideoseries.B.Themuseum’sflawedmanagementandsecuritysystemsareinvolvedinthescandal.C.TheBritainMuseumisunderpressuretoreturntheculturalrelicstoChinasoonerorlater.D.Chinahadalreadydemandedtherestorationofitsculturalrelicsbeforethescandal.15.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A.ToappealtoBritaintoreturnChina’sculturalobjects.B.Tointroduceaviralvideoseriesaboutafleeingjadeteapot.C.Toarousereaders’concernaboutChineseculturalobjectsabroad.D.TopraiseChineseyoungpeople’spassionforhistoryandtradition.【答案】12.C13.C14.D15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了关于一只逃跑的玉壶的短视频在网络迅速走红，并引起中国官方媒体《环球时报》和中央电视台的报道和评价。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段中“ThehugeloopholesinthemanagementandsecurityofculturalobjectsintheBritishMuseumexposedbythisscandalhaveledtothecollapseofalong-standingandwidelycirculatedclaimthat‘foreignculturalobjectsarebetterprotectedintheBritishMuseum’(这一丑闻暴露出大英博物馆在文物管理和安全方面的巨大漏洞，导致长期以来广为流传的“外国文物在大英博物馆得到更好的保护”的说法破灭。)”可推知，英国把其他国家的文物存放在自己的博物馆里的理由之一是，它声称这些文物在它的博物馆里更安全，能得到了更好的照顾。故选C项。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文可知，大英博物馆收藏了许多属于中国的文物，结合常识和划线词所在句“Chinesepeople’syearningfortherepatriationoftheChineseculturalrelics.(中国人民渴望中国文物的repatriation。)”中“Chinesepeople’syearningfor”可推知，中国人民渴望着这些珍贵文物的“回归”。划线词repatriation与return同义。故选C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“ThemuseumscandalmadeheadlinesaroundtheworldandrevivedearlierdemandsbytheChinesemediatorestorethecountry’srelics.(博物馆的丑闻成为世界各地的头条新闻，并重新唤起了中国媒体早些时候要求归还中国文物的呼声。)”可知，这一次大英博物馆文物丢失和损坏的丑闻重新唤起中国媒体要求归还中国文物的呼声。由此推知，在此之前中国已经要求大英博物馆。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，结合文章标题“ChineseTeapotEscapingfromBritishMuseumGoesViral(从大英博物馆逃跑的中国茶壶在社交媒体上走红)”和文中内容可知，本文主要介绍了关于一只逃跑的玉壶的短视频在网络迅速走红，并引起中国官方媒体《环球时报》和中央电视台的报道和评价。所以“介绍一个关于逃跑的玉壶的视频系列”是文章的写作目的。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分;满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Astronautsdrinktheirownpee(尿)—afterit'sbeencleaned.____16____Manyexperts,though,arguethatrecyclingpeeandotherwasteisanexcellentandsafesolutionwhenthereisn'tenoughfreshwatertogoaround.____17____Allofthewaterthatastronautsusetodrink,brushtheirteeth,ormakecoffeecomesoutofonelimitedcontainerthathastoberesupplied—fromEarth.Tohelpconservewater,thewastefromsinks,toilets,andeventhepeefromlabanimalsonboardflowsintoarecyclingsystem.First,thewatergoesthroughaseriesoffilters(过滤器)togetridoflargeparticles(微粒)andimpurities.Then,chemicalreactionsremovepoisonouschemicalsandkillanybacteriaorviruses.____18____ChrisHadfield,wholivedonthespacestationforfivemonths,says,"Beforeyoufeeluncomfortablewiththethoughtofdrinkingyourleftoverwashwaterandyourleftoverpee,keepinmindthatthewaterthatweendupwithispurerthanmostofthewaterthatyoudrinkonadailybasisathome."Astronauts,however,tendtobemoreadventurousthantheaverageperson.OnEarth,citiesinverydrypartsoftheworldhaveattemptedtointroducewastewaterpurificationsystems.____19____Citizensrecoiled(退缩)indisgust.Despitescientificevidencethatthewaterisclean,manypeoplejustcan'tgetoverthefactthatitonceflowedthroughatoilet.Inthe1990s,activistsinSanDiegoandLosAngelescampaignedagainst"toilettotap"water.____20____Inasurveyof2,000Americans,26percentagreedwiththestatement:"ItisimpossibleforrecycledwatertobetreatedtoahighenoughqualitythatIwouldwanttouseit."A.Andyouwouldn'tbealone.B.Andthedisapprovalremainedstrong.C.whatcomesoutiscleanenoughtodrink.D.OntheInternationalSpaceStation,waterisapreciousresource.E.Lotsofpeoplefeelsickatthethoughtofdrinkingrecycledwastewater.F.Thoughsomeoftheseprogramshavesucceeded,othersfailedmiserably.G.Wouldyoupickupaglassofwaterthat'sbeenthroughawastewatercleaningsystem?【答案】16.E17.D18.C19.F20.B【解析】【分析】本文属于科技说明文。本文通过介绍宇航员在太空中饮用净化后的污水来告诉我们这项工程在地球上也在开展，不过人们对此有不同的观点。【16题详解】上文“Astronautsdrinktheirownpee—afterit'sbeencleaned.(宇航员们在小便净化后会喝掉它)”，与E选项“很多人想到饮用再循环废水而感到恶心”承接自然，选项中提到的饮用在循环废水指的就是上文提到的喝净化过的尿。故选E。【17题详解】根据下文“Allofthewaterthatastronautsusetodrink,brushtheirteeth,ormakecoffeecomesoutofonelimitedcontainerthathastoberesupplied—fromEarth.(宇航员用来喝水、刷牙或煮咖啡的所有水都来自一个有限的容器，必须从地球上重新补给)”可知，水在国际空间站是非常珍稀的。D选项“在国际空间站，水是一种宝贵的资源。”符合文意，说明水很宝贵。故选D。【18题详解】根据上文“First,thewatergoesthroughaseriesoffilterstogetridoflargeparticlesandimpurities.Then,chemicalreactionsremovepoisonouschemicalsandkillanybacteriaorviruses.(首先，水通过一系列过滤器去除大颗粒和杂质。然后，化学反应去除有毒化学物质并杀死任何细菌或病毒)”可知，通过这些处理的水很干净，已经达到了饮用标准。C选项“出来的东西很干净，可以喝”符合文意，语意连贯。故选C。【19题详解】根据上文“OnEarth,citiesinverydrypartsoftheworldhaveattemptedtointroducewastewaterpurificationsystems.(在地球上，世界上非常干燥地区城市已经尝试引入废水净化系统)”和下文“Citizensrecoiled(退缩)indisgust.Despitescientificevidencethatthewaterisclean,manypeoplejustcan'tgetoverthefactthatitonceflowedthroughatoilet.（市民们厌恶地退缩了。尽管有科学证据表明水是干净的，但许多人还是无法忘记它曾经流过厕所的事实。）”可知，有些净化水的项目遭到了失败。F选项“尽管其中一些项目取得了成功，但其他项目却惨遭失败。”符合文意。故选F。【20题详解】根据上文“Inthe1990s,activistsinSanDiegoandLosAngelescampaignedagainst"toilettotap"water.(上世纪90年代，圣地亚哥和洛杉矶的激进分子发起了反对“厕所抽水”的运动)”可知，反对喝来自厕所的净化水的声音依然很强烈。B选项“不赞成的态度依然强烈”符合文意。故选B。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AsmydadgotanewjobinsouthernFlorida,wemovedherefromouroldhome,school,friendsandeverything.Thereweresomany___21___forme.Inanewschoolfullofstrangers,couldImakefriends?WouldI____22____?Mymindwasfilledwith___23___.Beingshyandquiet,Ireadalot.Lovingbooksandreadinghelpedmegetexcellentresults.Teachers___24___meforthat.Butotherkidsdislikedmegettingtop___25___andansweringquestionsinclass.Ifeltlikea(n)___26___.Thenoneday,atallstrongboyinEnglishclasswalkedrightovertome.He___27___himself.Hesaidhewasontheschoolbasketballteam.I___28___that-hewasthestarplayer!“Hey,”hesaid.“Doyouthinkyoucould___29___me?YoudoreallywellinEnglishclass.”Icould,and____30____Iwould.Fromthatmomenton,lifeatschool____31____.Basketballplayerswalkedmetoclassesand____32____meinhallways.Astheteamtutor(导师),Ifitin.Nobody____33____meanymore.Iwasthankfultobe____34____enoughtohelptheteam.Itaughttheguysaboutgrammar.Theytaughtmehowtodribble(运球)abasketball.Moreimportantly,theygavemethe____35____tobemyself-andtobeashortgirlwhoreallyknewhowtodribbleabasketball!21.Achances B.activities C.challenges D.experiences22.A.movein B.fitin C.relateto D.calmdown23.A.dreams B.ideas C.lies D.worries24.A.chose B.thanked C.praised D.impressed25.A.talents B.grades C.awards D.honors26.A.star B.child C.author D.failure27.A.applied B.enjoyed C.introduced D.reminded28.A.expected B.knew C.imagined D.doubted29.A.confuse B.recognize C.select D.help30.A.interestingly B.hopefully C.certainly D.usually31.Achanged B.began C.continued D.stopped32.A.frightened B.circled C.respected D.ignored33.A.troubled B.invited C.amazed D.reminded34.A.creative B.active C.strong D.knowledgeable35.A.confidence B.intelligence C.option D.curiosity【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.C25.B26.D27.C28.B29.D30.C31.A32.B33.A34.D35.A【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者搬到新学校后，因为成绩优异，班上的人不喜欢她，让她感到烦恼，后来一位篮球队员想请她帮助篮球队提高英语成绩，让作者最终融入到新学校中。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说有很多挑战。A.chances机会；B.activities活动；C.challenges挑战；D.experiences经历。根据前文“AsmydadgotanewjobinsouthernFlorida,wemovedherefromouroldhome,school,friendsandeverything.”可知，作者搬到了新的地方，离开了熟悉的环境，所以会有很多挑战。故选C项。【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我能融入吗?A.movein迁入；B.fitin适应；C.relateto涉及；D.calmdown冷静。根据前文“Inanewschoolfullofstrangers,couldImakefriends?”可知，作者在担心能否交到朋友，所以此处是担心能不能融入进去。故选B项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我心里充满了忧虑。A.dreams梦想；B.ideas想法；C.lies谎言；D.worries忧虑。根据前文“Inanewschoolfullofstrangers,couldImakefriends?WouldI2?”可知，作者担心能否交到朋友，能否融入群体，所以是充满了忧虑。故选D项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：老师们为此表扬了我。A.chose选择；B.thanked感谢；C.praised表扬；D.impressed给……留下深刻印象。根据前文“Lovingbooksandreadinghelpedmegetexcellentresults.”可知，作者成绩优秀，所以是老师表扬了她。故选C项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但其他孩子不喜欢我得高分，不喜欢我在课堂上回答问题。A.talents天赋；B.grades成绩；C.awards奖；D.honors荣誉。根据前文“Lovingbooksandreadinghelpedmegetexcellentresults.”可知，作者有好的成绩。故选B项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得自己是个失败者。A.star星；B.child小孩；C.author作者；D.failure失败者。根据前文“Butotherkidsdislikedmegettingtop5andansweringquestionsinclass.”可知，班上其他人不喜欢作者，所以作者觉得自己是个失败者。故选D项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他做了自我介绍。A.applied申请；B.enjoyed享受；C.introduced介绍；D.reminded提醒。根据后文“Hesaidhewasontheschoolbasketballteam.”可知，他说他是学校篮球队的队员，所以此处应是他自我介绍。故选C项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道——他是明星球员!A.expected预期；B.knew知道；C.imagined想象；D.doubted怀疑。根据后文“hewasthestarplayer!”可知，他是明星球员，所以是作者知道他是篮球队的队员。故选B项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你能帮我吗?A.confuse使迷惑；B.recognize认识；C.select选择；D.help帮助。根据后文“Iwasthankfultobe14enoughtohelptheteam.”可知，此处是询问作者可以帮助他吗。故选D项。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我可以，我当然也会这么做。A.interestingly有趣的是；B.hopefully有希望地；C.certainly当然；D.usually通常。根据后文“Iwasthankfultobe14enoughtohelptheteam.”可知，作者确实帮助了他。故选C项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那一刻起，学校的生活发生了变化。A.changed改变；B.began开始；C.continued持续；D.stopped停止。根据后文“Astheteamtutor(导师),Ifitin.”可知，作者融入到团体中去了，所以是发生了改变。故选A项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：篮球运动员陪我去上课，在走廊里围着我转。A.frightened使惊吓；B.circled转圈；C.respected尊重；D.ignored忽视。根据后文“Astheteamtutor(导师),Ifitin.”可知，作者是篮球队的导师，所以是围着她转。故选B项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：没人再来烦我了。A.troubled麻烦；B.invited邀请；C.amazed使惊奇；D.reminded提醒。根据前文“Astheteamtutor(导师),Ifitin.”可知，作者融入了团队，所以是没人再来烦她了。故选A项。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激自己有足够知识来帮助团队。A.creative创造性的；B.active积极的；C.strong强的；D.knowledgeable博学的。根据前文“YoudoreallywellinEnglishclass.”以及“Astheteamtutor”可知，作者是因为英语好，作为导师帮助他们，所以是有足够的知识来帮助团队。故选D项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，他们给了我做自己的信心，让我成为一个真正知道如何运球的矮个子女孩!A.confidence信心；B.intelligence智力；C.option选项；D.curiosity好奇心。根据后文“tobeashortgirlwhoreallyknewhowtodribbleabasketball!”可知，让一个矮个子女孩打篮球，应是给了她信心符合实际。故选A项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。WelcometoShangri-La(香格里拉).AlthoughlocatedinYunnan,ithasmanyold____36____(village)withauniquecountrysidelife.The____37____(beauty)citywasformerlycalledZhongdianthat____38____(burn)byabigfireonJanuary11,2014,butithasbeenrebuiltquickly.It’snice____39____(see)thelocalsdancingeverynightonthemainsquare.Visitorscaninvolvethemselvesin____40____(dance).Guestscanalsoexploreitsareanearbyeitheronfoot____41____bybike.ApopularplaceisChina’sfirstnationalpark,Pudacuo,____42____ishometothelakesofNapaandShudu.MaybeyoucanevenmeetwiththegoldenYunnanmonkeysinoneof_____43_____villages!____44____(clear),thewinterisprettycoldinShangri-La,butforthosewhoarenotafraid____45____thecoldtemperature,toseethesnowhereisveryattractive!【答案】36.villages37.beautiful38.wasburned##wasburnt39.tosee40.dancing41.or42.which##that43.the44.Clearly45.of【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了云南的香格里拉市。【36题详解】考查名词的数。句意：虽然位于云南，但它有许多古老的村庄，有着独特的乡村生活。village“村庄”是可数名词，被many修饰，应用其复数形式。故填villages。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：这座美丽的城市原名中甸，于2014年1月11日被大火烧毁，但现在已经很快重建。修饰名词city应用形容词beautiful“漂亮的”，作定语。故填beautiful。【38题详解】考查时态和语态。句意同上。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语onJanuary11,2014可知，应用一般过去时；主语that（指代先行词Zhongdian）和burn之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，that是单数意义，助动词用was。故填wasburned/wasburnt。【39题详解】考查不定式。句意：每天晚上看到当地人在广场上跳舞真是太好了。此处为固定句型：itbe+adj.+todo“做某事是……的”，