新人教版必修第三册Unit4SpaceExploration题型组合练课件

UNIT4

SPACEEXPLORATIONⅠⅡⅢⅣⅠ.阅读理解AChinesescientistshavediscoveredanewwaterreservoironthemoonintheformofglassbeads(珠子),whichcouldhavemajorsignificanceforfindingoutthewatercontentoftheearth’sonlynaturalsatelliteandpotentiallyextractingthemtosupportfuturelunarmissions.AstudypublishedinthejournalNature

GeosciencelastweekrevealedsoilsamplescollectedbyChina’sChang’e-5lunarprobecontainedimpactglassbeadsthatheldwaterintheformofhydroxyl——amoleculeconsistingofoneoxygenatomandonehydrogenatom.Hydroxylion(离子)isoneofthemostcommonionsfoundinwater.ⅠⅡⅢⅣTheseglassbeadsarecreatedwhenmeteoroids(流星体)hitthemoon’ssurface,throwinguphotmoltendroplets(熔滴)whichthencoolandturnsolid.Theyfunctionlikeasponge,soakinguphydrogenatomscarriedbythesolarwindtoformhydroxyl,thusplayinganimportantroleinthewatercycleofthelunarsurface.ⅠⅡⅢⅣWhileeachbeadonlyholdsatinyamountofwater,theseglassballscanbeseeneverywhereonthemoonandresearchersestimatedlunarsoilscouldstoreasmuchas270billionmetrictonsofwater.Fordecades,scientiststhoughtthemoonwasbonedryuntildiscoveriesinrecentyearsrevealeditssoilcouldholdwater.“Themoonpotentiallyholding270billionmetrictonsofwaterisquitesubstantial,thoughitpalesincomparisontotheamountofwaterintheearth’soceans,”saidHuSen,aresearcherfromtheInstituteofGeologyandGeophysicsoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesandoneofthekeyscientistsbehindthestudy.ⅠⅡⅢⅣThesefindingsnotonlyprovideinsightontheorigins,storage,andtransportationofwateroncelestial(天空的)bodieswithoutatmospheres,buttheyalsomayprovehelpfulforplanningandbuildingasustainablehumanhabitatontheseplanets,headded.However,thespecificoriginsofthewateronthelunarsurfaceremainamystery.Thestudypresentedseveralpotentialsources,includingsolarwindimplantation,thereleaseoftrappedgaswhenthemoonwashotandvolcanicallyactive,anddeliverybycometsandasteroids.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国科学家在月球上发现了水存在的证据。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ1.Whatistheuseoftheglassbeads?A.Absorbingwater.B.Dryingwater.C.Creatingwater.D.Recyclingwater.√细节理解题。根据第三段末句“They

function

like

a

sponge,soaking

up

hydrogen

atoms

carried

by

the

solar

wind

to

form

hydroxyl,thus

playing

an

important

role

in

the

water

cycle

of

the

lunar

surface.”可知,月球上的“玻璃珠”的功能是吸住水分。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ2.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph4?A.Themoonwasadryplacefordecades.B.Themoonholdsasmuchwaterastheearthdoes.C.Scientistsdiscoveredthemooncouldstorewater.D.Theamountofwateronthemooniscomparativelylarge.√主旨大意题。根据第四段首句“While

each

bead

only

holds

a

tiny

amount

of

water,these

glass

balls

can

be

seen

everywhere

on

the

moon

and

researchers

estimated

lunar

soils

could

store

as

much

as

270

billion

metric

tons

of

water.”以及“The

moon

potentially

holding

270

billion

metric

tons

of

water

is

quite

substantial”可知,本段主要说明月球中的含水量相对来说还是比较大的。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Trappedgasshouldbereleased.B.Furtherresearchneedstobedone.C.Watersourceshavebeenidentified.D.Solarwindwasimplantedonthemoon.√推理判断题。根据最后一段首句“However,the

specific

origins

of

the

water

on

the

lunar

surface

remain

a

mystery.”可知,科学家还要做进一步的研究找到水的来源。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.FutureHabitatforHumans:theMoonB.NewDiscovery:GlassBeadsontheMoonC.NewFindings:WaterontheLunarSurfaceD.FutureMissions:China’sChang’eLunarProbes√主旨大意题。根据第一段“Chinese

scientists

have

discovered

a

new

water

reservoir

on

the

moon

in

the

form

of

glass

beads(珠子),which

could

have

major

significance

for

finding

out

the

water

content

of

the

earth’s

only

natural

satellite

and

potentially

extracting

them

to

support

future

lunar

missions.”可知,这篇文章主要讲在月球上发现了水。因此C项“新发现:月球表面有水”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣBThenewWebbtelescopehasdiscoveredwhatappeartobegalaxies(星系)thatdatebacktowithin600millionyearsoftheBigBang.Thesixnewlydiscoveredobjectssuggestthattheearlyuniversemayhavebeendevelopingunexpectedlyfasttoproducethesehugegalaxies.Whilethenewtelescopehasspottedevenoldergalaxies,datingtowithin300millionyearsofthebeginningoftheuniverse,it’sthesizeofthesesixgalaxiesthatshocktheresearchers.ⅠⅡⅢⅣ“Mostgalaxiesinthiseraarestillsmallandonlygraduallygrowinglargerovertime,”leadresearcherIvoLabbeofAustralia’sSwinburneUniversityofTechnologysaid.“Butthesesixgalaxiesarefast-trackingtomaturity.Whythisisthecaseorhowthisworksisunknown.”

Accordingtothereport,whichwaspublishedinthejournalNatureonWednesday,eachofthesixobjectsweighsbillionsoftimesmorethanoursun.Inoneofthem,thetotalweightofallitsstarsmaybeasmuchas100billiontimesgreaterthanoursun.ⅠⅡⅢⅣThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity’sJoelLeja,whoalsotookpartinthestudy,said,“Whatwefoundissounexpectedthatitactuallycreatesproblemsforscienceanditmightcallthewholepictureofearlygalaxyformationintoquestion.”Thesegalaxyobservationswereamongthefirstsetofdatafromthe$10billionWebbtelescope,whichwasjustlaunchedoverayearago.UnlikeHubble,thebiggerandmorepowerfulWebbcanseethroughcloudsofdustwithitsinfrared(红外的)visionanddiscovergalaxiespreviouslyundetected.Scientistshopetoeventuallyobservethefirststarsandgalaxiesformedfollowingthecreationoftheuniverse13.8billionyearsago.ⅠⅡⅢⅣTheresearchersarestillwaitingforofficialconfirmation.“It’spossiblethatafewoftheobjectsmightnotbegalaxies,butblackholes.OneearlylessonfromWebbistoletgoofourexpectationsandbereadytobesurprised,”Labbesaid.“Nextyearitwilltellus.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了韦伯太空望远镜最近发现的六个疑似星系。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ5.Whatisspecialaboutthesixnewlydetectedobjects?A.Theirage. B.Theircolor.C.Theirsize. D.Theirshape.√细节理解题。第二段提到“While

the

new

telescope

has

spotted

even

older

galaxies,dating

to

within

300

million

years

of

the

beginning

of

the

universe,it’s

the

size

of

these

six

galaxies

that

shock

the

researchers.”可知,这六个星系的尺寸是其特别之处,因此让研究人员震惊。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ6.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“fast-trackingtomaturity”inparagraph3mean?A.Turningquickly.B.Circlingsmoothly.C.Travellingfast.D.Growingrapidly.√词义猜测题。根据画线词组前“Most

galaxies

in

this

era

are

still

small

and

only

gradually

growing

larger

over

time,...But...”可推断,fast-tracking

to

maturity与growing

rapidly所表达的意思相同。故选D项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ7.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwotelescopes?A.HubblecanseefurtherthanWebb.B.WebbismorepowerfulthanHubble.C.WebbismuchcheaperthanHubble.D.HubbleisrelativelybiggerthanWebb.√细节理解题。第六段提到“Unlike

Hubble,the

bigger

and

more

powerful

Webb

can

see

through

clouds

of

dust

with

its

infrared(红外的)

vision

and

discover

galaxies

previously

undetected.”可知,韦伯望远镜比哈勃望远镜更强大。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ8.WhatdoesIvoLabbemeaninthelastparagraph?A.Thedatamightnotbecomplete.B.Theresearcherswillbedisappointed.C.HedoesnotagreewithJoelLeja.D.ThenewWebbtelescopeisunreliable.√ⅠⅡⅢⅣ推理判断题。第五段最后一句提到“What

we

found

is

so

unexpected

that

it

actually

creates

problems

for

science

and

it

might

call

the

whole

picture

of

early

galaxy

formation

into

question.”第六段提到“These

galaxy

observations

were

among

the

first

set

of

data

from...”及最后一段提到“One

early

lesson

from

Webb

is

to

let

go

of

our

expectations

and

be

ready

to

be

surprised,”可知,韦伯望远镜观测的结果受到了质疑。由此推知,Ivo

Labbe担心第一批数据可能不完整。故选A项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅡ.七选五Arecentstudyfoundthatonlyeightpercentofpeopleactuallyendupachievingtheirnewyear’sresolution.Here’sacoupleoftipsandtricksonhowtodojustthat.

1

.

Noonehaseversaid“oh,I’mgoingtobehealthierthisyear”andthenextdaywakeuphealthy.Therehastobeaplan,goals,andactionsthatneedtobetaken.Soyoucansaysomethinglike“I’mgoingtogotothegymeveryotherdaythisyear.”ⅠⅡⅢⅣChoose

resolutions

wisely.

2

.Themajorityofresolutionsinvolvesomesortofhabitchanges,andhabitchangeshaveahugeconsumptiononyourbody’swillpower.Willpowerislikeabatterythatneedstoberechargedeverynight.Whenyouhavetoomanyresolutions,theburdenonthisbatterycausesittorunoutbeforeyouhaveachancetorechargeit.

Write

your

resolutions

down.Thismakestheresolutionfeellikeacontract.

3

.Youcanwritedowneveryresolutionfortheentireyear.Everytimeyoulookatit,youwillfeelatremendousamountofpressuretomakesurethatyoucontinuetokeepyourresolution.

ⅠⅡⅢⅣDon’t

tell

anyone

about

your

new

year’s

resolution.Usually,whenyoutalkaboutsomethingthatyouhaven’taccomplished,youwilltrickyourbrainintovisualizingasituationwhereyouhaveaccomplishedit.

4

Find

yourself

an

accountability

buddy.Anaccountabilitybuddyissomebodywhomakessurethatyou’regoingoutthereeverysingleday,anddoingthethingsthatyoupromisedyourselfthatyouwoulddo.

5

.Atthesametime,youhelpthemkeepthemselvesinlinestoo!

ⅠⅡⅢⅣA.HaveaplanB.KeephealthyC.Don’tchoosetoomanyresolutionsD.ItcreatespressureforyoutocompleteitE.It’sinterestinghowphysicalacontractcanfeelF.It’ssomebodywhohelpsyoukeepyourselfinlineG.ThiscausesyoutolosetonsofmotivationthatyouhadbeforehandⅠⅡⅢⅣ【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了实现新年决心的建议和技巧。1.A

根据下文“No

one

has

ever

said‘oh,I’m

going

to

be

healthier

this

year’and

the

next

day

wake

up

healthy.There

has

to

be

a

plan,goals,and

actions

that

need

to

be

taken.So

you

can

say

something

like‘I’m

going

to

go

to

the

gym

every

other

day

this

year.’”可知,本段主要讲要制定计划,A项“Have

a

plan(有一个计划)”是最佳标题。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ2.C

小标题“Choose

resolutions

wisely.”提出要明智选择新年决心,C项“Don’t

choose

too

many

resolutions”承接上文,说明新年决心不能太多,需要挑选,下文“When

you

have

too

many

resolutions,the

burden

on

this

battery

causes

it

to

run

out

before

you

have

a

chance

to

recharge

it.”解释了选择不能太多的原因,上下文语意连贯。故选C项。3.D

小标题“Write

your

resolutions

down.”提出写下自己的决心,上文“This

makes

the

resolution

feel

like

a

contract.”和D项“It

creates

pressure

for

you

to

complete

it”一起说明了要写下决心的原因:写下决心就像签了一份合同,它会给你压力去完成它。上下文语意连贯。故选D项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.G

上文“Usually,when

you

talk

about

something

that

you

haven’t

accomplished,you

will

trick

your

brain

into

visualizing

a

situation

where

you

have

accomplished

it.”提出谈论还没有完成的事情会让大脑受欺骗,想象出已经完成计划的场景,G项“This

causes

you

to

lose

tons

of

motivation

that

you

had

beforehand”承接上文,说明这件事情的后果:失去动力。上下文语意连贯。故选G项。5.F

上文“An

accountability

buddy

is

somebody

who

makes

sure

that

you’re

going

out

there

every

single

day,and

doing

the

things

that

you

promised

yourself

that

you

would

do.”提出“负责任的伙伴”这一角色,F项“It’s

somebody

who

helps

you

keep

yourself

in

line”承接上文,继续介绍“负责任的伙伴”的作用,说明要找一个“负责任的伙伴”的原因。故选F项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅢ.语法填空ChinaaddedalaboratorytoitspermanentorbitingspacestationonJuly25,2022asitmovedtowardcompletingthestructureincoming1.

(month).

TheWentianlabmodulewaslaunchedfromtheWenchangspacebaseonthetropicalislandprovinceofHainanwith2.

largecrowdofamateurphotographersandspaceloverswatching.After13hoursofflight,it3.

(successful)docked(对接)withtheTiangongstation’smainTianhelivingmoduleat3:13a.m.,4.

hadbeenlaunchedbeforetheWentianlabmodule.

monthsasuccessfullywhichⅠⅡⅢⅣTheWentianwasdesigned5.

scienceandbiologyexperiments,

anditsfeatureisthatthe23-tonlabmodulewas6.

(heavy)thananyothersingle-modulespacecraftcurrentlyinspace.Itwasfollowedbyasecondlabmodule,theMengtian,sentonOctober31,2022.Threeastronauts7.

(be)thenlivinginthecoremodule(核心舱)onasix-monthmissionandoversawtheWentian’s8.

(arrive)anddocking.

forheavierwerearrivalⅠⅡⅢⅣALongMarch5B-Y3rocket,China’smost9.

(power),carriedthemoduleinthethirdsuchlaunchsincetheChinesespacestationentereditsconstructionstage.IttookplaceaftertheTianzhou-classcargo(货物)spacecraftandtheShenzhou-14crewedspacecraft.China’sspaceprogramlauncheditsfirstastronautintoorbitin2003,10.

(make)itonlythethirdcountrytodosoonitsown.

powerfulmakingⅠⅡⅢⅣ【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“问天”