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UNIT4
SPACEEXPLORATIONⅠⅡⅢⅣⅠ.阅读理解AChinesescientistshavediscoveredanewwaterreservoironthemoonintheformofglassbeads(珠子),whichcouldhavemajorsignificanceforfindingoutthewatercontentoftheearth’sonlynaturalsatelliteandpotentiallyextractingthemtosupportfuturelunarmissions.AstudypublishedinthejournalNature
GeosciencelastweekrevealedsoilsamplescollectedbyChina’sChang’e-5lunarprobecontainedimpactglassbeadsthatheldwaterintheformofhydroxyl——amoleculeconsistingofoneoxygenatomandonehydrogenatom.Hydroxylion(离子)isoneofthemostcommonionsfoundinwater.ⅠⅡⅢⅣTheseglassbeadsarecreatedwhenmeteoroids(流星体)hitthemoon’ssurface,throwinguphotmoltendroplets(熔滴)whichthencoolandturnsolid.Theyfunctionlikeasponge,soakinguphydrogenatomscarriedbythesolarwindtoformhydroxyl,thusplayinganimportantroleinthewatercycleofthelunarsurface.ⅠⅡⅢⅣWhileeachbeadonlyholdsatinyamountofwater,theseglassballscanbeseeneverywhereonthemoonandresearchersestimatedlunarsoilscouldstoreasmuchas270billionmetrictonsofwater.Fordecades,scientiststhoughtthemoonwasbonedryuntildiscoveriesinrecentyearsrevealeditssoilcouldholdwater.“Themoonpotentiallyholding270billionmetrictonsofwaterisquitesubstantial,thoughitpalesincomparisontotheamountofwaterintheearth’soceans,”saidHuSen,aresearcherfromtheInstituteofGeologyandGeophysicsoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesandoneofthekeyscientistsbehindthestudy.ⅠⅡⅢⅣThesefindingsnotonlyprovideinsightontheorigins,storage,andtransportationofwateroncelestial(天空的)bodieswithoutatmospheres,buttheyalsomayprovehelpfulforplanningandbuildingasustainablehumanhabitatontheseplanets,headded.However,thespecificoriginsofthewateronthelunarsurfaceremainamystery.Thestudypresentedseveralpotentialsources,includingsolarwindimplantation,thereleaseoftrappedgaswhenthemoonwashotandvolcanicallyactive,anddeliverybycometsandasteroids.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国科学家在月球上发现了水存在的证据。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ1.Whatistheuseoftheglassbeads?A.Absorbingwater.B.Dryingwater.C.Creatingwater.D.Recyclingwater.√细节理解题。根据第三段末句“They
function
like
a
sponge,soaking
up
hydrogen
atoms
carried
by
the
solar
wind
to
form
hydroxyl,thus
playing
an
important
role
in
the
water
cycle
of
the
lunar
surface.”可知,月球上的“玻璃珠”的功能是吸住水分。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ2.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph4?A.Themoonwasadryplacefordecades.B.Themoonholdsasmuchwaterastheearthdoes.C.Scientistsdiscoveredthemooncouldstorewater.D.Theamountofwateronthemooniscomparativelylarge.√主旨大意题。根据第四段首句“While
each
bead
only
holds
a
tiny
amount
of
water,these
glass
balls
can
be
seen
everywhere
on
the
moon
and
researchers
estimated
lunar
soils
could
store
as
much
as
270
billion
metric
tons
of
water.”以及“The
moon
potentially
holding
270
billion
metric
tons
of
water
is
quite
substantial”可知,本段主要说明月球中的含水量相对来说还是比较大的。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Trappedgasshouldbereleased.B.Furtherresearchneedstobedone.C.Watersourceshavebeenidentified.D.Solarwindwasimplantedonthemoon.√推理判断题。根据最后一段首句“However,the
specific
origins
of
the
water
on
the
lunar
surface
remain
a
mystery.”可知,科学家还要做进一步的研究找到水的来源。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.FutureHabitatforHumans:theMoonB.NewDiscovery:GlassBeadsontheMoonC.NewFindings:WaterontheLunarSurfaceD.FutureMissions:China’sChang’eLunarProbes√主旨大意题。根据第一段“Chinese
scientists
have
discovered
a
new
water
reservoir
on
the
moon
in
the
form
of
glass
beads(珠子),which
could
have
major
significance
for
finding
out
the
water
content
of
the
earth’s
only
natural
satellite
and
potentially
extracting
them
to
support
future
lunar
missions.”可知,这篇文章主要讲在月球上发现了水。因此C项“新发现:月球表面有水”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣBThenewWebbtelescopehasdiscoveredwhatappeartobegalaxies(星系)thatdatebacktowithin600millionyearsoftheBigBang.Thesixnewlydiscoveredobjectssuggestthattheearlyuniversemayhavebeendevelopingunexpectedlyfasttoproducethesehugegalaxies.Whilethenewtelescopehasspottedevenoldergalaxies,datingtowithin300millionyearsofthebeginningoftheuniverse,it’sthesizeofthesesixgalaxiesthatshocktheresearchers.ⅠⅡⅢⅣ“Mostgalaxiesinthiseraarestillsmallandonlygraduallygrowinglargerovertime,”leadresearcherIvoLabbeofAustralia’sSwinburneUniversityofTechnologysaid.“Butthesesixgalaxiesarefast-trackingtomaturity.Whythisisthecaseorhowthisworksisunknown.”
Accordingtothereport,whichwaspublishedinthejournalNatureonWednesday,eachofthesixobjectsweighsbillionsoftimesmorethanoursun.Inoneofthem,thetotalweightofallitsstarsmaybeasmuchas100billiontimesgreaterthanoursun.ⅠⅡⅢⅣThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity’sJoelLeja,whoalsotookpartinthestudy,said,“Whatwefoundissounexpectedthatitactuallycreatesproblemsforscienceanditmightcallthewholepictureofearlygalaxyformationintoquestion.”Thesegalaxyobservationswereamongthefirstsetofdatafromthe$10billionWebbtelescope,whichwasjustlaunchedoverayearago.UnlikeHubble,thebiggerandmorepowerfulWebbcanseethroughcloudsofdustwithitsinfrared(红外的)visionanddiscovergalaxiespreviouslyundetected.Scientistshopetoeventuallyobservethefirststarsandgalaxiesformedfollowingthecreationoftheuniverse13.8billionyearsago.ⅠⅡⅢⅣTheresearchersarestillwaitingforofficialconfirmation.“It’spossiblethatafewoftheobjectsmightnotbegalaxies,butblackholes.OneearlylessonfromWebbistoletgoofourexpectationsandbereadytobesurprised,”Labbesaid.“Nextyearitwilltellus.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了韦伯太空望远镜最近发现的六个疑似星系。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ5.Whatisspecialaboutthesixnewlydetectedobjects?A.Theirage. B.Theircolor.C.Theirsize. D.Theirshape.√细节理解题。第二段提到“While
the
new
telescope
has
spotted
even
older
galaxies,dating
to
within
300
million
years
of
the
beginning
of
the
universe,it’s
the
size
of
these
six
galaxies
that
shock
the
researchers.”可知,这六个星系的尺寸是其特别之处,因此让研究人员震惊。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ6.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“fast-trackingtomaturity”inparagraph3mean?A.Turningquickly.B.Circlingsmoothly.C.Travellingfast.D.Growingrapidly.√词义猜测题。根据画线词组前“Most
galaxies
in
this
era
are
still
small
and
only
gradually
growing
larger
over
time,...But...”可推断,fast-tracking
to
maturity与growing
rapidly所表达的意思相同。故选D项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ7.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwotelescopes?A.HubblecanseefurtherthanWebb.B.WebbismorepowerfulthanHubble.C.WebbismuchcheaperthanHubble.D.HubbleisrelativelybiggerthanWebb.√细节理解题。第六段提到“Unlike
Hubble,the
bigger
and
more
powerful
Webb
can
see
through
clouds
of
dust
with
its
infrared(红外的)
vision
and
discover
galaxies
previously
undetected.”可知,韦伯望远镜比哈勃望远镜更强大。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ8.WhatdoesIvoLabbemeaninthelastparagraph?A.Thedatamightnotbecomplete.B.Theresearcherswillbedisappointed.C.HedoesnotagreewithJoelLeja.D.ThenewWebbtelescopeisunreliable.√ⅠⅡⅢⅣ推理判断题。第五段最后一句提到“What
we
found
is
so
unexpected
that
it
actually
creates
problems
for
science
and
it
might
call
the
whole
picture
of
early
galaxy
formation
into
question.”第六段提到“These
galaxy
observations
were
among
the
first
set
of
data
from...”及最后一段提到“One
early
lesson
from
Webb
is
to
let
go
of
our
expectations
and
be
ready
to
be
surprised,”可知,韦伯望远镜观测的结果受到了质疑。由此推知,Ivo
Labbe担心第一批数据可能不完整。故选A项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅡ.七选五Arecentstudyfoundthatonlyeightpercentofpeopleactuallyendupachievingtheirnewyear’sresolution.Here’sacoupleoftipsandtricksonhowtodojustthat.
1
.
Noonehaseversaid“oh,I’mgoingtobehealthierthisyear”andthenextdaywakeuphealthy.Therehastobeaplan,goals,andactionsthatneedtobetaken.Soyoucansaysomethinglike“I’mgoingtogotothegymeveryotherdaythisyear.”ⅠⅡⅢⅣChoose
resolutions
wisely.
2
.Themajorityofresolutionsinvolvesomesortofhabitchanges,andhabitchangeshaveahugeconsumptiononyourbody’swillpower.Willpowerislikeabatterythatneedstoberechargedeverynight.Whenyouhavetoomanyresolutions,theburdenonthisbatterycausesittorunoutbeforeyouhaveachancetorechargeit.
Write
your
resolutions
down.Thismakestheresolutionfeellikeacontract.
3
.Youcanwritedowneveryresolutionfortheentireyear.Everytimeyoulookatit,youwillfeelatremendousamountofpressuretomakesurethatyoucontinuetokeepyourresolution.
ⅠⅡⅢⅣDon’t
tell
anyone
about
your
new
year’s
resolution.Usually,whenyoutalkaboutsomethingthatyouhaven’taccomplished,youwilltrickyourbrainintovisualizingasituationwhereyouhaveaccomplishedit.
4
Find
yourself
an
accountability
buddy.Anaccountabilitybuddyissomebodywhomakessurethatyou’regoingoutthereeverysingleday,anddoingthethingsthatyoupromisedyourselfthatyouwoulddo.
5
.Atthesametime,youhelpthemkeepthemselvesinlinestoo!
ⅠⅡⅢⅣA.HaveaplanB.KeephealthyC.Don’tchoosetoomanyresolutionsD.ItcreatespressureforyoutocompleteitE.It’sinterestinghowphysicalacontractcanfeelF.It’ssomebodywhohelpsyoukeepyourselfinlineG.ThiscausesyoutolosetonsofmotivationthatyouhadbeforehandⅠⅡⅢⅣ【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了实现新年决心的建议和技巧。1.A
根据下文“No
one
has
ever
said‘oh,I’m
going
to
be
healthier
this
year’and
the
next
day
wake
up
healthy.There
has
to
be
a
plan,goals,and
actions
that
need
to
be
taken.So
you
can
say
something
like‘I’m
going
to
go
to
the
gym
every
other
day
this
year.’”可知,本段主要讲要制定计划,A项“Have
a
plan(有一个计划)”是最佳标题。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ2.C
小标题“Choose
resolutions
wisely.”提出要明智选择新年决心,C项“Don’t
choose
too
many
resolutions”承接上文,说明新年决心不能太多,需要挑选,下文“When
you
have
too
many
resolutions,the
burden
on
this
battery
causes
it
to
run
out
before
you
have
a
chance
to
recharge
it.”解释了选择不能太多的原因,上下文语意连贯。故选C项。3.D
小标题“Write
your
resolutions
down.”提出写下自己的决心,上文“This
makes
the
resolution
feel
like
a
contract.”和D项“It
creates
pressure
for
you
to
complete
it”一起说明了要写下决心的原因:写下决心就像签了一份合同,它会给你压力去完成它。上下文语意连贯。故选D项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.G
上文“Usually,when
you
talk
about
something
that
you
haven’t
accomplished,you
will
trick
your
brain
into
visualizing
a
situation
where
you
have
accomplished
it.”提出谈论还没有完成的事情会让大脑受欺骗,想象出已经完成计划的场景,G项“This
causes
you
to
lose
tons
of
motivation
that
you
had
beforehand”承接上文,说明这件事情的后果:失去动力。上下文语意连贯。故选G项。5.F
上文“An
accountability
buddy
is
somebody
who
makes
sure
that
you’re
going
out
there
every
single
day,and
doing
the
things
that
you
promised
yourself
that
you
would
do.”提出“负责任的伙伴”这一角色,F项“It’s
somebody
who
helps
you
keep
yourself
in
line”承接上文,继续介绍“负责任的伙伴”的作用,说明要找一个“负责任的伙伴”的原因。故选F项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅢ.语法填空ChinaaddedalaboratorytoitspermanentorbitingspacestationonJuly25,2022asitmovedtowardcompletingthestructureincoming1.
(month).
TheWentianlabmodulewaslaunchedfromtheWenchangspacebaseonthetropicalislandprovinceofHainanwith2.
largecrowdofamateurphotographersandspaceloverswatching.After13hoursofflight,it3.
(successful)docked(对接)withtheTiangongstation’smainTianhelivingmoduleat3:13a.m.,4.
hadbeenlaunchedbeforetheWentianlabmodule.
monthsasuccessfullywhichⅠⅡⅢⅣTheWentianwasdesigned5.
scienceandbiologyexperiments,
anditsfeatureisthatthe23-tonlabmodulewas6.
(heavy)thananyothersingle-modulespacecraftcurrentlyinspace.Itwasfollowedbyasecondlabmodule,theMengtian,sentonOctober31,2022.Threeastronauts7.
(be)thenlivinginthecoremodule(核心舱)onasix-monthmissionandoversawtheWentian’s8.
(arrive)anddocking.
forheavierwerearrivalⅠⅡⅢⅣALongMarch5B-Y3rocket,China’smost9.
(power),carriedthemoduleinthethirdsuchlaunchsincetheChinesespacestationentereditsconstructionstage.IttookplaceaftertheTianzhou-classcargo(货物)spacecraftandtheShenzhou-14crewedspacecraft.China’sspaceprogramlauncheditsfirstastronautintoorbitin2003,10.
(make)itonlythethirdcountrytodosoonitsown.
powerfulmakingⅠⅡⅢⅣ【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“问天”
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