宁夏回族自治区简介中英文

PAGE6-宁夏回族自治区区情简介AnOverviewofNingxiaHuiAutonomousRegion宁夏回族自治区成立于1958年，面积6.64万平方公里，2014年总人口661.5万人，其中回族人口占35.6%，是全国五个少数民族自治区之一。辖5个地级市，22个县（市、区）。Foundedin1958,Ningxiacoversatotalareaof66,400squarekilometers.Thetotalpopulationis6.615millionin2014,ofwhichtheHuipeopleaccountsfor35.6%.ItisoneofthefiveminorityautonomousregionsinChina.Itgovernsfiveprefecture-levelcitiesandtwenty-twocounties(orcounty-levelcities,districts).自然状况。宁夏全境海拔1000米以上，地势南高北低，落差近1000米，呈阶梯状下降。属典型的大陆性气候，为温带半干旱区和半湿润地区，具有春多风沙、夏少酷暑、秋凉较早、冬寒较长，雪雨稀少、日照充足、蒸发强烈等特点，年平均降水量300毫米左右。NaturalConditionsTheaveragealtitudeisover1,000meters,higherinitssouththaninitsnorthwithastepping-downdropofnearly1,000meters.Itistypicallycontinentalinclimateasatemperatesemi-aridandsubhumidregion,asischaracterizedbywindyandsandyspring,shorthotsummer,earlyandcoolautumn,longandcoldwinter,sparsesnowandrain,abundantsunshineandstrongevaporation.Theaverageannualprecipitationisapproximately300millimeters.地理区划。在地形上分为三大板块：一是北部引黄灌区。地势平坦，土壤肥沃，素有“塞上江南”的美誉。二是中部干旱带。干旱少雨，风大沙多，土地贫瘠，生存条件较差。三是南部山区。丘陵沟壑林立，部分地域阴湿高寒，是国家级贫困地区之一。GeographicalConditionsThewholeregioncanbedividedintothreesections.ThenorthernYellowRiverirrigationarea,featuringsmoothplainandfertilesoil,haslongenjoyedthefameof“AnOasisintheHinterland”.Themiddlearidarea,dry,windyandsandy,isknownforitsbarrenlandandpoorlivingconditions.Thesouthernmountainousarea,dominatedbyhillsandravines,coldandhumidinpart,isoneofthepovertystrickenareasinChina.历史沿革。宁夏是中华远古文明的发祥地之一。早在3万年前就有人类活动，创造了旧石器晚期的“水洞沟文化”。战国秦昭襄王三十五年（公元前272年）设北地郡。秦始皇统一中国后，宁夏北部首次纳入中央版图。西晋末年，匈奴人赫连勃勃建立地方政权，自号夏，宁夏属其管辖范围。唐朝，在灵州（今宁夏灵武）设大都督府和朔方节度使。1038年，党项族首领李元昊以宁夏为中心建立大夏国，史称西夏，定都兴庆府（今银川市）。1227年，蒙古灭西夏后，取“安宁”之意，改名“宁夏”。明朝设宁夏卫，清朝设宁夏府。民国初年设朔方道，1929年成立宁夏省。1954年宁夏省撤销并入甘肃。1949年9月23日宁夏解放，1958年10月25日成立宁夏回族自治区，首府银川市。HistoricalEvolutionNingxiaisoneoftheoriginsofChinesecivilization.About30,000yearsago,therewerehumanhabitatsalready,withindicationsattheShuidonggouPaleolithicSiteandtheCaiyuanVillageSite.ZhaoxiangEmperorestablishedtheBeidiShireinthe35thyear(272BC)oftheQinDynasty.AfterQinshihuangunifiedChina,thenorthernpartofNingxiawasincorporatedintotheChineseterritoryforthefirsttime.Attheendofnationalaveragelevelfor13consecutiveyears.Thereformandopeninguphavebeenpromotedinanin-depthway.Thestructuraladjustmenthasshownpreliminaryeffects.Theurbanandruralareashavetakenongreatchangesandpeople’slivelihoodhasalsobeenimprovedremarkably.In2014,theregionrealizedaGDPof275billionyuan,increasingby8%;thelocalpublicfinancialbudgetrevenuereached33.98billionyuan,growingby10.2%.Thesocialfixedassetinvestmentaggregatedat320.1billionyuan,increasingby19.4%.Thesocialconsumptionretailvolumetotaled67.32billionyuan,increasingby10.3%.Thedisposableincomeofurbanresidentsgrewby8.4%to23,285yuan,andthenetincomeforruralresidentsincreasedby10.7%to8,410yuan.Thefirsthalfofthisyearhaswitnessedayear-on-yeargrowthof7.4%intermsoftheregion’sGDP,12.8%intermsoffixedassetinvestment,7.6%oflocalpublicbudgetrevenue,8.2%and8.9%respectivelyofdisposableincomeforurbanandruralresidents.宁夏新十景简介IntroductiontotheTenScenesofNingxia艾依春晓AiyiRiver艾依河工程南起青铜峡水利枢纽坝下，北至平罗县沙湖，沿途连接数十个湖泊湿地共5万余亩，于2003年开工建设，规划线路总长83公里，目前已建成48公里。艾依河建成后在改善沟道水质、调节地下水位、提高城市防洪排水标准、保障湖泊湿地、提高水资源利用率等方面发挥了巨大作用，同时美化了人居环境，成为银川市一道亮丽的风景线。StartingfromtheQingtongxiaDaminthesouthandreachingtheSandLakeinPingluoCounty,theAiyiRiverprojectlinksdozensofwetlandsandlakescoveringatotalareaof50,000mu(15mu=1hectare).Initiatedin2003,theprojecthasaplannedrouteof83kilometers,with48kilometersalreadyfinished.Uponcompletion,theprojectplaysasignificantroleinimprovingwaterquality,adjustingundergroundwaterlevel,upgradingthecity’scapacityoffloodpreventionanddrainage,protectinglakesandwetlandsandenhancingwaterefficiency.Meanwhile,itstandsasanembellishmenttoYinchuanCity’sscenery,upgradingitsenvironmentgreatly.古堡新影ZhenbeibuFilmTown镇北堡西部影城距银川市35公里，是在一个原始古堡的基础上修建的。这里保持并利用了古堡原有的奇特、雄浑、苍凉、悲壮、残旧、衰而不败的景象，突出了它的荒凉感、黄土味及原始化、民间化的审美内涵，尽可能地保留了它特殊的审美价值，让电影艺术家们在这一片西部风光中心情尽兴地发挥他们的想象力和创造力。Located35kilometersfromYinchuanCity,theZhenbeibuFilmTownwasbuiltupontherelicsofanancientfortress.Itfullyutilizestheoriginalscenesofuniqueness,mightiness,desolation,solemnness,andbleaknesstopreserveitsdistinctivefeatures,sothatthefilmmakerscanrunwildtheirimaginationandcreativityamidthewesternscenery.贺兰晴雪HelanMountains贺兰晴雪，古宁夏八景之一。六月暑日，在景区西边沟尽头的青羊溜山巅上，蓝天晴空，白雪盖顶，这就是古宁夏八景之首的“贺兰晴雪”。自古诗人用“满眼但知银世界，举头都是玉江山”来赞美“贺兰晴雪”胜景。SunlitsnowyHelanMountainstopstheeightscenesofancientNingxia.ItiscomprisedofazureskyandsnowcappedpeaksoftheQingyangliuMountaininsummer.Sinceancienttimespoetshaveusedtheverseof“asilverworldasfarastheeyescansee,ajaderiverlikemountainstretchingendlesslyabovethehead”topaytributetothescene.黄河金岸GoldenBanksalongtheYellowRiver宁夏回族自治区党委、政府提出打造“黄河金岸”，推进沿黄城市带建设的战略构想，利用沿黄地带集聚10座城市的优势，打造一个沿黄城市群，这就是“黄河金岸”。黄河流经宁夏397公里，沿黄河两岸依次分布着银川、石嘴山、吴忠、中卫4个地级市，以及平罗、青铜峡、灵武、贺兰、永宁、中宁等县市，这10个城市占自治区43%的土地面积，集中了自治区57%的人口、80%的城镇、90%的城镇人口，创造了宁夏90%以上的GDP和财政收入。TheCPCNingxiaCommitteeandNingxiaPeople’sGovernmentproposedtheinitiativeoftheGoldenBanksalongtheYellowRiver,aimingtobuildacityclusteralongtheYellowRiveronthebasisofthecurrenttencities.TheYellowRiverflowsthroughNingxiafor397kilometers,onthetwobanksofwhichdotfourprefecturelevelcitiesofYinchuanCity,ShizuishanCity,WuzhongCityandZhongweiCityandcounties(orcountylevelcities)ofPingluo,Qingtongxia,Lingwu,Helan,Yongning,Zhongning,etc.43%ofNingxia’slandarea,57%ofitspopulation,80%ofitscitiesand90%ofitsurbanpopulationareconcentratedhere,contributingtoover90%ofNingxia’sGDPandfiscalrevenue.回乡风情HuiCustoms宁夏回族自治区，回族人口约占全区总人口的1/3，占全国回族人口的1/5。从平坦无垠的银川平原，到沟壑纵横的六盘山区，幽静肃穆的清真大寺宏伟壮观，民风淳朴的回回村庄散布四方，你都能感受到浓浓的民族气息。回族人民热情好客，当你随意来到一户回族人家做客，远远就能看到主人热情洋溢的笑脸，他们会拉着你的手说“色俩目”，把你迎进屋，端出各种各样、新奇美味的清真食品让你大快朵颐，酥脆可口的馓子、色泽亮黄的油香、香辣扑鼻的羊杂碎、肉质鲜嫩的羊羔肉，还有手抓羊肉、羊肉泡馍……。回乡处处好风景，风情万种把客迎。回想风情在宁夏是一道独特的风景，相信你来到宁夏，一定会流连忘返，乐而忘归。中华回乡文化园是回乡风情和回族文化的缩影。TheHuipopulationaccountsforonethirdsofthetotalpopulationofNingxiaHuiAutonomousRegionandonefifthsofChina’stotalamount.FromtheYinchuanPlaintotheLiupanMountains,youwillfindmagnificentmosquesandvillagesinhabitedbytheHuipeople,aswellasastrongethnicflavor.TheHuipeoplearefriendlyandhospital.Wheneveryouvisittheirfamily,youwillbewelcomedbywarmsmilesanddelicioushalalfood,suchasfrieddoughtwist,friedflourcake,stewedsheepentrails,boiledmutton,andpitabreadsoakedinlambsoup.TheHuicustomsstandasauniquesceneofNingxia,whichwillleaveeveryvisitoradeepimpression.TheChineseHuiCultureParkisminiatureoftheHuicustomsandcultureinNingxia.六盘烟雨LiupanMountains六盘山是我国最年轻的山脉之一，素有“春去秋来无盛夏”之说。主峰米缸山海拔2942米,登上主峰远眺,朝雾迷漫,云海苍茫。日出云开,但见重峦叠嶂；风去雨过,满眼苍山叠翠。1935年毛泽东同志率领中国工农红军长征到达此地,触景言志,借山抒怀,写下了光辉诗篇《清平乐六盘山》。AsoneoftheyoungestmountainrangeofChina,theLiupanMountainsarefamousforthecoolsummers.OnthetopofthemainpeakMigangMountain,whichis2,942metershigh,youwillfindtheverdantmountainsshroudedinaseaofclouds.In1935whenMaoZedongledtheChineseWorkers’andPeasants’RedArmyhere,hewasdeeplyimpressedbytheviewandwrotethewell-knownpoemofLiupanMountains.沙湖苇舟SandLake沙湖是我国AAAAA级景区，位于宁夏石嘴山市，景区总面积为80.10平方公里，其中水域面积45平方公里，沙漠面积22.52平方公里。沙湖以自然景观为主体，沙、水、苇、鸟、山五大景源有机结合，构成了独具特色的秀丽景观，是一处融江南秀色与塞外壮景于一体的“塞上明珠”。TheSandLake,locatedinShizuishanCity,Ningxia,isa5A-classscenicspotwithatotalareaof80.10squarekilometersand45squarekilometersofwaters.Theuniquesceneryofthelakeiscomposedofsand,water,reed,birdandhill.Combiningthelushsouthern-typefieldswithdesertscenery,thelakeisreputedasaPearlintheHinterland.沙坡鸣钟ShapotouScenicSpot沙坡鸣钟——是中卫八景之一。位于中卫城西，过迎水桥，驶进浩瀚无垠的腾格里沙漠；绿洲上面，是高达近百米的大沙丘，直逼黄河左岸。在2000多米的沙堤中间，有一段坡最陡，势最险。这就是自然奇观、"会唱歌的沙漠"--鸣沙山的"沙坡鸣钟"。这里的沙子，一年四季都能发出一种奇妙的声音。如果登上坡顶，顺势下滑，即刻会听到嗡嗡嗡的轰鸣。TheShapotouScenicSpot,locatedwestofZhongweiCityandontheedgeoftheTenggerDesert,iscomposedofsanddunesashighas100metersonthenorthernbankoftheYellowRiver.Inthemiddleofthe2,000-meter-longsanddam,thereistheslopeoftheMingshaMountainwhichisthemoststeepandprecipitous.Hereisthesceneofthesingingdesert,whichproducesatollingsoundwhenoneslidesdowntheslope.神秘西夏ImperialMausoleumofWesternXia西夏王陵又称西夏帝陵，位于宁夏回族自治区银川市西约30公里的贺兰东麓。是西夏王朝的皇家陵寝，在方圆53平方公里的陵区内，分布着九座帝陵，270多座陪葬墓，陵邑、祖庙遗址2处，窑址10余处，是中国现存规模最大、地面遗址最完整的帝王陵园之一。1988年被国务院公布为全国重点文物保护单位、国家重点风景名胜区,后被评为国家AAAA景区，被世人誉为"神秘的奇迹"、"东方金字塔"。TheImperialMausoleumofWesternXiaislocatedattheeasternfootoftheHelanMountains,30kilometerswestofYinchuanCity.ItisthemausoleumforthesuccessivekingsofWesternXia.Coveringanareaof53squarekilometers,themausoleumhasnineimperialtombs,over270auxiliarytombs,twotemples,andtencaves.AsoneofChina’slargestimperialmausoleumswiththebestpreservedgroundbuildings,itislistedasoneofthekeyculturalrelicsunderstate-levelprotectionanda4A-classscenicspot.Itisrenownedasa“MysteriousMiracle”andthe“OrientalPyramid”.水洞兵沟ShuidonggouSite位于银川市东南19公里的水洞沟古人类文化遗址经历千万年的风沙雕蚀，鬼斧神工地般的造就了魔鬼城、旋风洞、摩天崖、卧驼岭