职称英语卫生类A级模拟64

［模拟］职称英语卫生类A级模拟64

词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有

括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号

里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。

第1题：

Heisdeterminedto<u>consolidate</u>hispower.

A.strengthen

B.control

C.abandon

D.exercise

参考答案：A

consolidate和都表示“strengthen”；control：控制;abandon：放弃；exercise：

练习。

第2题：

SincetheGreatDepression,theUnitedStatesgovernmenthasprotected

farmersfrom<u>damaging</u>dropsingrainprices.

A.slight

B.surprising

C.sudden

D.harmful

参考答案：D

damaging：破坏的,和harmful（有害的）意思相近;slight：轻微的；surprising：

令人惊讶的；sudden：突然的。

第3题：

Themost<u>crucial</u>problemanyeconomicsystemfacesishowtouse

itsscarceresources.

A.puzzling

B.difficult

C.terrifying

D.urgent

参考答案：D

crucial和urgent都可以表示“紧急的、急迫的"；puzzling：（使）迷惑的、

（使）为难的;difficult：困难的；terrifying：使感到恐怖的。

1

第4题：

Thegovernmentis<u>debating</u>theeducationlaws.

A.discussing

B.defeating

C.delaying

D.declining

参考答案：A

debate和discuss同义：谈论、讨论、商讨；defeat：击败；delay：推迟、延

缓；decline：下降、下滑、下倾。

第5题：

Theseprogramsareof<u>immense</u>valuetooldpeople

A.natural

B.fatal

C.tiny

D.enormous

参考答案：D

immense和enormous都表示"巨大的"；natural：自然的；fatal：致命的；

tiny：微小的。

第6题：

Theriver<u>widens</u>considerablyasitbeginstoturnwest.

A.twists

B.stretches

C.broadens

D.bends

参考答案：C

widen和broaden都有“拓宽”的意思;twist：弯曲；stretch：延伸;bend：

弯曲。

第7题：

Duringthepasttenyearstherehavebeen<u>dramatic</u>changesinthe

internationa1situation.

A.permanent

B.powerful

C.striking

D.practical

2

参考答案：C

striking和dramatic都可以表示“引人注意的、显著的"；permanent：持久

的；powerful：强有力的；practical：实用的、实际的。

第8题：

Itis<u>outofthequestion</u>thattheinspectorwillcometomorrow.

A.impossible

B.possible

C.probable

D.likely

参考答案：A

outofthequestion：不可能，A（不可能）和B是正反项，所以重点注意。而B、

C和D都是近义词，表示“可能的"，所以相互排除掉，答案是A。

第9题：

Hearingproblemsmaybe<u>alleviated</u>bychangesindietandexercise

habits.

A.removed

B.cured

C.worsened

D.relieved

参考答案：D

alleviate和relieve都表示"减轻”;remove.去掉、切除；cure.治疗；worsen：

恶化。

第10题：

Theoldconcernsloseimportanceandsomeofthem<u>vanish</u>

altogether.

A.develop

B.disappear

C.link

D.renew

参考答案：B

vanish和disappear都表示“消失"；develop：发展、进步；link：连接、联

系：renew：更新。

3

第11题：

Cementwas<u>seldom</u>usedinbuildingtheMiddleAges.

A.crudely

B.rarely

C.originally

D.occasionally

参考答案：B

seldom和rarely是常见的否定副词，表示“很少地"；crudely：粗糙地、粗

鲁地；originally：本来、最初；occasionally：偶尔。

第12题：

Medicinedependsonotherfieldsforbasicinformation,

<u>particularly</u>someoftheirspecializedbranches.

A.conventionally

B.obviously

C.especially

D.inevitably

参考答案：C

particularly和especially都表示“尤其、特别"；conventionally：传统地；

obviously明显地；inevitably：不可避免地。

第13题：

Wewere<u>astonished</u>tohearthattheirfootballteamhadwonthe

champion.

A.amazed

B.amounted

C.amused

D.approached

参考答案：A

astonish和amaze是近义词，表示“使惊讶”，amount作动词用时经常和介词

to连用，表示“总计，等于",amuse：使愉快；approach：接近；方法、途径。

第14题：

Foryoungchildren,gettingdressedisa<u>complicated</u>business.

A.strange

B.complex

C.personal

D.funny

4

参考答案：B

complicated和complex意思相同，都表示“复杂的”；strange：奇怪的；personal：

个人的；funny：有趣的。

第15题：

Henrycannotresistthe<u>lure</u>ofdrugs.

A.abuse

B.flavor

C.temptation

D.consumption

参考答案：C

lure和temptation都表示“吸引”；abuse：滥用；flavor：滋味；consumption：

消费。

阅读判断阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据

短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选

择A项；如果该句提供的错误信息，请选择B项：如果该句的信息文

章中没有提及，请选择C项。

RetirementBringsMostaBigHealthBoost

Theself-reportedhealthofthenewlyretiredimprovessomuch

thatmostfeeleightyearsyounger,anewEuropeanstudysuggests.

Thishappynewswastrueofalmosteveryoneexceptasmallminority

only2percentwhohadexperienced"ideal"conditionsintheirworking

life,anyway.

“Theresultsreallysaythreethings:thatworkputsanextra

burdenonthehealthofolderworkers,thattheeffectsofthisextra

burdenarelargelyrelievedbyretirementand,finally,thatboththe

extraburdenandthereliefarelargerwhenworkingconditionsarepoor,，z

saidHugoWesterlund,leadauthorofastudypublishedonlineNov.9in

TheLancet."Thisindicatesthatthereisaneedtoprovideopportunities

forolderworkerstodecreasethedemandsintheirworkoutofconcern

oftheirhealthandwell-being.〃

Butofcourse,addedWesterlund,whoisheadofepidemiologyat

theStressResearchInstituteatStockholmUniversityinSweden"notall

olderworkerssufferfrompoorperceivedhealth.Manyareindeed

remarkablyhealthyandfitforwork.Butsoonerorlater,everyonehas

toslowdownbecauseofoldagecatchingup.〃

Lastweek,thesamegroupofresearchersreportedthatworkers

sleptbetterafterretirementthanbefore."Sleepimprovesatretirement,

5

whichsuggeststhatsleepingcouldbeamediatorbetweenworkand

perceptionofpoorhealth,，zWesterlundsaid.

Thisstudylookedatwhatthesame15,000Frenchworkers,most

ofthemmen,hadtosayabouttheirownhealthuptosevenyears

pro-retirementanduptosevenyearspost-retirement.

Asparticipantsgotclosertoretirementage,theirperception

oftheirownhealthdeclined,butwentupagainduringthefirstyearof

retirement.

Thosewhoreportedbeinginpoorerhealthdeclinedfrom19.2

percentintheyearpriortoretirementto14.3percentbytheendofthe

firstyearafterretiring.Accordingtotheresearchers,thatmeans

post-retirementlevelsofpoorhealthfelltolevelslastseeneightyears

previously.

Thechangeswereseeninbothmenandwomen,acrossdifferent

occupations,andlastedthroughthefirstsevenyearsofnotpunchingthe

clock.

Workerswhofeltworsebeforeretirementandhadlowerworking

conditionsreportedgreaterimprovementsassoonastheyretired,theteam

found.

第16题：

Mostofthenewlyretiredfeelyoungerandhealthierthanbefore.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

该句表述正确。从第一段我们知道调查显示刚退休的人健康状况都有好转，他们

更声称自己年轻了8岁。而第二段告诉我们有少部分人不认为自己健康有所改

善。

第17题：

Olderworkersaregenerallyasfitforworkasyoungerworkers.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：B

该句表述不正确。从第三段我们了解到工作会给年龄大的人带来额外的负担，并

且对健康有很大的影响，因此不能像要求年轻人一样要求他们。

第18题:

Olderworkersusuallygetonverywellwithyoungerworkers.

6

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：C

文中并未提到。通读本文，作者并未提到老年工作者与年轻工作者如何相处的话

题。

第19题：

Europeisagingfasterthanmostotherpartsoftheglobe.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：C

文中并未提及。文中并未谈到欧洲人是否比其他地方的人老得快。

第20题：

Thestudyanalyzedtheparticipants'perceptionoftheirownhealthin

acertainperiod.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：A

该句表述正确。从第五段和第六段我们知道该研究针对的是退休前退休后的老人

对自己健康状况的自述，因此该句是正确的。

第21题：

TheparticipantscamefromvariouscountriesinEurope.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：B

该句表述不正确。从第五段我们知道该调查是对法国老人健康的调查。

第22题：

Thefindingsofthestudyapplytoconditionsallovertheworld.

A.Right

7

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

参考答案：c

文中并未提及。文章并未提到这项研究的发现是否适用于全世界。

概括大意与完成句子阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任

务：（1）1〜4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2〜5段每段选择1个

正确的小标题；（2）第5〜8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确

的选项，分别完成每个句子。

ElectromagneticEnergy

1.Whitelightseemstobeacombinationofallcolors.Theenergy

thatcomesfromasourceoflightisnotlimitedtothekindofenergy

youcansee.Heatisgivenoffbyaflameoranelectriclight.Onacloudy

dayitispossibletogetasunburneventhoughyoufeelcool.Visible

lightandthekindsofenergythatproducewarmthandsunburnareexamples

ofelectromagneticenergy.

2.Thesunis93millionmilesfromtheearth.Yetwecanuseenergy

fromthesunbecauseelectromagneticenergytravelsthroughspace.

3.Manyotherkindsofenergyarealsotypesofelectromagnetic

energy.Radio,television,andradarsignalstravelfromtransmittersto

receiversaslow-energyelectromagneticwaves.Infrared（红夕卜线的）

radiationisanelectromagneticwave.Whenitisabsorbedbymatter,heat

isproduced.Wavesofinfraredandvisiblelighthavemoreenergythan

wavesofradio,television,orradar.Ultravioletrays（紫夕卜线）andX-rays

areelectromagneticwaveswithevengreateramountsofenergy.Infrared

radiationisusedincookingfoodandheatingbuildings.Sunlightand

electriclightsarepartofourrequirementsfornormalliving.

Ultravioletradiationisusefulinkillingcertaindiseaseorganisms.

X-raysandgammarayshavesomuchenergythattheytravelrightthrough

solidobjects.Theycanbeusedtodetectandtreatcancer.X-raysare

usedinindustrytofindhiddencracksinmetal,andinmedicinetoreveal

brokenbones.

4.Usuallyweuseelectricitytogenerateelectromagneticenergy.

Thesourceofmostofourenergyisthesun.Heatfromthesuncauseswater

toevaporate.Whenthewaterfallstotheearthasrain,someofitis

trappedbehinddamsandthenusedtooperateelectricgenerators.Other

generatorsarepoweredbycoal,buttheenergystoredincoalcamefrom

thesun,too.

5.Untilrecently,thesourceofthetremendousamountofenergy

givenoffbythesunwasapuzzle.Ifthesundependedonchemicalreactions,

itwouldhaveusedupallitsenergylongago.Experimentswith

8

electromagneticradiationledtothetheorythatmasscanbeconverted

intoenergy.Aboutfortyyearsafterthetheorywasproposed,nuclear

energywasharnessed（利用）byman.Chemicalenergycomesfromelectron

（电子）rearrangement.Nuclearenergycomesfromachangeinthenucleus

ofanatom.Comparedwithchemicalreactions,nuclearreactionsrelease

millionsoftimesmoreenergyperpoundoffuel.Wenowbelievethatthe

sun'senergycomesfromthenuclearreactionsinwhichhydrogenischanged

intohelium（氮）.

6.Nuclearenergyisbeginningtocompetewithcoalasan

economicalsourceofpowertogenerateelectricity.Itisalsobeingused

tooperateenginesinlargeships.Scientistscontinuetoseeknewand

bettermethodsofobtainingandusingenergy.

23-26的选项

A.TheMostImportantSourceofEnergy

B.TypesofElectromagneticEnergy

C.TheMachinesUsedforEnergyGeneration

D.SeekingNewSourcesofEnergy

E.TheUseofUltravioletRadiationinMedicine

F.NuclearReactionsastheLastingSourceoftheSun'sEnergy

27-30的选项

A.whenitiscloudy

B.becausetheycanpassthroughsolidobjects

C.whenthesun-raysarefierce

D.whenachangeinthenucleusofanatomtakesplace

E.whenelectronrearrangementtakesplace

F.whenitisabsorbedbymatter

第23题：

Paragraph3

参考答案:

B

详细解答:

第24题：

Paragraph4

参考答案:

详细解答:

9

第25题：

Paragraph5

参考答案：

F

详细解答：

第26题:

Paragraph6

参考答案：

D

详细解答：

第27题：

Onecangetasunburneven.

参考答案：

A

详细解答：

第28题:

Infraredradiationcanproduceheat.

参考答案：

F

详细解答：

第29题:

X-raysandgammarayscanbeusedtodetectandtreatcancer

参考答案：

B

详细解答:

io

第30题:

Chemicalenergyisgenerated.

参考答案：

E

详细解答：

阅读理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4

个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从4

个选项中选择1最佳答案。

JapaneseCarKeepsWatchforDrunkDrivers

AconceptcardevelopedbyJapanesecompanyNissanhasa

breathalyzer-likedetectionsystemandotherinstrumentsthatcouldhelp

keepdrunkorovertireddriversofftheroad.

Thecar'ssensorscheckodorsinsidethecarandmonitoradriver

'ssweatfortracesofalcohol.Anin-carcomputersystemcanissuean

alertorevenlockuptheignitionsystemifthedriverseems

over-the-limit.Theairodorsensorsarefixedfirmlyanddeeplyinthe

driverandpassengerseats,whileadetectorinthegear-shiftknob

measuresperspirationfromthedriver'spalm.

Othercarmakershavedevelopedsimilardetectionsystems.For

example,Sweden'sVolvohasdevelopedabreathalyzerattachedtoacar

'sseatbeltthatdriversmustblowintobeforetheenginewillstart.

Nissan'snewconceptvehiclealsoincludesadashboard-mounted

camerathattracksadriversalertnessbymonitoringtheireyes.Itwill

soundanalarmandissueaspokenwarninginJapaneseorEnglishifit

judgesthatthedriverneedstopulloverandrest.

Thecartechnologyisstillindevelopment,butgeneralmanager

KazuhiroDoisaysthecombinationofdifferentdetectionsystemsshould

improvetheoveralleffectivenessofthetechnology."Forexample,ifthe

gear-shiftsensorwasbypassedbyapassengerusingitinsteadofthe

driver,thefacialrecognitionsystemwouldstillbeused,“Doisays.

Nissanhasnospecifictimetableformarketingthesystem,butaimsto

usetechnologytocutthenumberoffatalitiesinvolvingitsvehiclesto

half1995levelsby2015.

Thecar'sseatbeltcanalsotightenifdrowsinessisdetected,

whileanexternalcamerachecksthatthecariskeepingtoitslane

properly.However,Doiadmitsthatsomeofthetechnology,suchasthe

alcoholodorsensor,shouldbeimproved.z，Ifyoudrinkonebeer,it'sgoing

toregister,soweneedtostudywhat'stheappropriatelevelforthe

11

systemtoactivate,/zhesays.

IntheUK,someresearchgroupsareusingsimilaradvanced

techniquestounderstanddriverbehaviorandtheeffectivenessof

differentroaddesigns.

第31题:

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueoftheJapaneseconceptcare?

A.Ithasasensorsystemthatcouldissueawarningifthedriveris

drunk.

B.Ithassensorsthatdetecttracesofalcoholinsidethecar.

C.Ithassensorslockedupintheignitionsystem.

D.Ithasabreathalyzer-likedetectionsystem.

参考答案：C

选项A、B、D所述内容都可在短文的第一、第二段中找到。第二段最后一个句告

诉我们，传感器装在司机和乘客的座椅里，而不是在点火系统里，所以选择C。

第32题:

WhathasVolvodeveloped?

A.Thesamedetectionsystemmentionedinthepreviousparagraph.

B.Abreathalyzerattachedtoacar'sseatbelt.

C.Asmartcarseatbelt.

D.Anintelligentengine.

参考答案：B

短文第三段告诉我们，沃尔沃公司也发明了一种相类似的酒精检测装置，安装在

保险带上。所以B是正确选择。

第33题:

WhatisthefunctionofthecameramentionedinParagraph4?

A.Itmonitorsthedriver'seyestoseeifheneedsarest.

B.Itjudgesifthedriverwantstopullover.

C.Itjudgesifthedriverwantstotakearest.

D.Itissuesanalarmwhenthedriverspeaks.

参考答案：A

第四段描写了安装在概念车仪表板上的照相机的功能。相机跟踪司机的眼睛的活

动从而监测司机是否保持清醒状态，如果发现司机需要停车休息，便用英语或日

语发出警告。所以除A以外，其他选择都不正确。

第34题：

AccordingtoDoi,.

12

A.theoveralleffectivenessofthedetectiontechnologyhasimproved.

B.Nissanismakingatimetabletomarketthedetectionsystem.

C.itisimpossibletoimprovetheoveralleffectivenessofthe

detectionsystem.

D.Nissanaimstoimprovethedetectiontechnologytoreducethe

fatalityrate.

参考答案：D

短文第五段说，这种监测技术仍然在发展之中，使用不同的监测系统应能改进这

项技术的整体有效性，所以A和C都不是正确选择。该段的最后一句说，日产公

司并不准备将这种监测系统推向市场，但它的目标是使用这种技术到2015年将

日产车的事故率年减少到1995年的一半。所以B也不是正确选择，只有D表达

了Doi的意思。

第35题:

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinParagraph6?

A.Anexternalcamerachecksthatthecarisgoingproperly.

B.Thecarwillautomaticallykeeptoitslane.

C.Theseatbeltwilltightenwhenthedriverisfounddrowsy.

D.Thetechnologyofthealcoholodorsensorshouldbeimproved

参考答案：B

选项A、C、D在短文第六段都能找到，但是却找不到选项B所表达的意思。

ASunshadeforthePlanet

Evenwiththebestwillintheworld,reducingourcarbonemissions

isnotgoingtopreventglobalwanning.Ithasbecomeclearthatevenif

wetakethestrongestmeasurestocontrolemissions,theuncertainties

inourclimatemodelsstillleaveopenthepossibilityofextremewarming

andrisesinsealevel.Atthesametime,resistancebygovernmentsand

specialinterestgroupsmakesitquitepossiblethattheactionssuggested

byclimatescientistsmightnotbeimplementedsoonenough.

Fortunately,iftheworstcomestotheworst,scientistsstill

haveafewtricksuptheirsleeves.Forthemostparttheyhavestrongly

resisteddiscussingtheseoptionsforfearofinvitingasenseof

complacencythatmightthwarteffortstotackletherootoftheproblem.

Untilnow,thatis,agrowingnumberofresearchersaretakingafresh

lookatlarge-scale〃geo-engineering"projectsthatmightbeusedto

counteractglobalwanning.〃Iusetheanalogyofmethadone,saysStephen

Schneider,aclimateresearcheratStanfordUniversityinCaliforniawho

wasamongthefirsttodrawattentiontoglobalwarming.〃Ifyouhavea

heroinaddict,thecorrecttreatmentishospitalizationandalongrehab.

13

Butiftheyabsolutelyrefuse,methadoneisbetterthanheroin.〃

Basicallytheideaistoapply"sunscreen"tothewholeplanet.

OneastronomerhascomeupwitharadicalplantocoolEarth;launch

trillionsoffeather-lightdiscsintospace,wheretheywouldformavast

cloudthatwouldblockthesun'srays.It'scontroversial,butrecent

studiessuggesttherearewaystodeflectjustenoughofthesunlight

reachingtheEarth'ssurfacetocounteractthewarmingproducedbythe

greenhouseeffect.Globalclimatemodelsshowthatblockingjust1.8per

centoftheincidentenergyinthesun'srayswouldcanceloutthewarming

effectsproducedbyadoublingofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.That

couldbecrucial,becauseeventhemostsevereemissions-controlmeasures

beingproposedwouldleaveuswithadoublingofcarbondioxidebythe

endofthiscentury,andthatwouldlastforatleastacenturymore.

第36题:

Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,theauthorthinksthat.

A.strongmeasureshavebeentakenbythegovernmenttopreventglobal

warming.

B.toreducecarbonemissionsisallimpossiblemission.

C.despitethedifficulty,scientistshavesomeoptionstoprevent

globalwarming.

D.actionssuggestedbyscientistswillneverberealized.

参考答案：c

短文第一段讲了防止地球变暖是一项艰巨的任务，第二段说，尽管如此，科学家

还是有一些办法，所以C是正确选择。A是错误选择，因为作者认为政府和一些

利益集团阻碍了科学家所倡导的行动的实施；B不是作者的观点；D也不是正确

选择，因为第一段的最后一句mightnotbeimplementedsoonenough并不表

明永远不能实现。

第37题:

Scientistsresisttalkingabouttheiroptionsbecausetheydon'twant

peopleto.

A.knowwhattheyaredoing.

B.feeltheireffortsareuseless.

C.thinktheproblemhasbeensolved.

D.seetherealproblem.

参考答案：C

文章的第二段说，即使最糟糕的情况发生，科学家还是有几招的。但他们不希望

讨论他们的招数，因为恐怕人们不再有危机感而削弱彻底解决问题的努力，所以

c是正确选择。

14

第38题:

WhatdoesStephenSchneidersayaboutaheroinaddictandmethadone?

A.Methadoneisaneffectivewaytotreatahardheroinaddict.

B.Methadoneisnotacorrectwaytotreataheroinaddict.

C.Hospitalizationtogetherwithmethadonecanworkeffectivelywith

aheroinaddict.

D.Methadoneandheroinareequallyeffectiveintreatingaheroin

addict.

参考答案：A

文章的第二段中，StephenSchneider教授将自己解决地球变暖问题的办法比作

美沙酮，因为在瘾君子拒绝正常住院治疗时，服用美沙酮是一种缓解海洛因毒瘾

的有效方法。所以，A是正确的选择。

第39题:

WhatisStephenSchneider"sideaofpreventingglobalwarming?

A.Toaskgovernmentstotakestrongermeasures.

B.ToincreasethesunlightreachingtheEarth.

C.ToapplysunscreentotheEarth.

D.Todecreasegreenhousegases.

参考答案：C

文章最后一段的第一个句子提供的答案。

第40题：

WhatisNOTtrueoftheeffectivenessof〃sunscreen〃，accordingtothelast

paragraph?

A.ItdeflectssunlightreachingtheEarthtocounteractthewanning.

B.Itblockstheincidentenergyinthesun'srays.

C.Itisacontroversialmethod.

D.Itdecreasesgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.

参考答案：D

短文最后一段描述了sunscreen如何解决地球变暖问题。尽管有争议，但是研究

证明，“太阳屏”能反射和阻碍阳光，起到抵消由温室效应引起的地球升温。最

后一段的第三、四句是理解这个问题的关键。D不是文章所表达的内容，所以是

正确答案。

ThirstforOil

Worldwideeveryday,wedevourtheenergyequivalentofabout200

millionbarrelsofoil.MostoftheenergyonEarthcomesfromtheSun.

15

InfactenoughenergyfromtheSunhitstheplanet'ssurfaceeachminute

tocoverourneedsforanentireyear,wejustneedtofindanefficient

waytouseit.Sofartheenergyinoilhasbeencheaperandeasierto

getat.Butassuppliesdwindle,thiswillchange,andwewillneedto

cureouraddictiontooil.

Burningwoodsatisfiedmostenergyneedsuntilthesteam-driven

industrialrevolution,whenenergy-densecoalbecamethefuelofchoice.

Coalisstillused,mostlyinpowerstations,tocoveronequarterofour

energyneeds,butitsusehasbeendecliningsincewestartedpumpingup

oil.Coalistheleastefficient,unhealthiestandmostenvironmentally

damagingfossilfuel,butcouldmakeacomeback,assuppliesarestill

pie.ntiful;itsreservesarefivetimeslargerthanoil's.

Todaypetroleum,amineraloilobtainedfrombelowthesurface

oftheEarthandusedtoproducepetrol,dieseloilandvariousother

chemicalsubstances,providesaround40%oftheworld'senergyneeds,

mostlyfuellingautomobiles.TheUSconsumesaquarterofalloil,and

generatesasimilarproportionofgreenhousegasemissions.

ThemajorityofoilComesfromtheMiddleEast,whichhashalf

ofknownreserves.ButothersignificantsourcesincludeRussia,North

America,Norway,VenezuelaandtheNorthSea.Alaska'sArcticNational

WildlifeRefugecouldbeamajornewUSsource,toreducerelianceon

foreignimports.

Mostexpertspredictwewillexhausteasilyaccessiblereserves

within50years,thoughopinionsandestimatesvary.Wecouldfastreach

anenergycrisisinthenextfewdecades,whendemandexceedssupply.As

conventionalreservesbecomemoredifficulttoaccess,otherssuchasoil

shalesandtarsandsmaybeusedinstead.Petrolcouldalsobeobtained

fromcoal.

Sincewestartedusingfossilfuels,wehavereleased400billion

tonsofcarbon,andburningtheentirereservescouldeventuallyraise

worldtemperaturesby13~C・Amongotherhorrors,thiswouldresultinthe

destructionofallrainforestsandtileinchingofallArcticice.

第41题：

〃・・・wewillneedtocureouraddictiontooil.，zWhydoestheauthorsay

so?

A.MostoftheenergyonEarthcomesfromtheSun.

B.Oilsupplyisincreasingallthetime.

C.Demandforoilisincreasingallthetime.

D.Oilsupplyisdecreasing.

参考答案：D

答案在第一段最后一句1中，这里的supplies指oilsupplies。

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第42题：

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmeantbytheauthor,according

tothesecondparagraph?

A.Woodwetsthefuelofchoicebeforecoal.

B.Theuseofcoalisdeclining.

C.Coalisthemostenvironmentallyunfriendlyfuelnexttooil.

D.Coalreservesareplentifulandwillbelikelytobecomethemajor

fuelofchoice.

参考答案：C

短文的第二段告诉我们，木材曾经是主要燃料来源，然后被煤所替代；白人们开

始采油后，对煤的需求下降了，但因为煤的储量远大于石油，它可能又会成为主

要燃料，尽管它对环境最具破坏力。所以A、B、D均是作者的意思，而C不是。

第43题:

Whichcountryisthebiggestconsumerofpetroleum?

A.TheUnitedStates

B.Russia

C.Norway

D.Venezuela

参考答案：A

文章的第三段说，美国消耗全世界四分之一的石油。

第44题：

Whatdoexpertssayabouttheearth'sfuelreserves?

A.Theearth'sfuelreserveswillbeaccessibleforthenext50years.

B.Ther