(核心素养测评)四必修1Unit4Earthquakes含解析

核心素养测评四必修1Unit4Earthquakes(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AWiththeundeniableincreaseingreenhouseemissionsonEarth,therecanbenodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmer,andscientificstudieshaveproventhatifwecarryonlivingthewaywedo,thenglobaltemperatureswillriseevenmore.Sowhatexactlydoesthismeanforthefutureofourplanet?Globalwarmingwillinfactcauseextremeweatherconditions,meaningthatourwinterswouldbeevencolderthantheyarenow.Morethanthat,warmertemperatureswillleadtothemeltingoficeinthenorthandsouthpoles,whichinturnwillleadtorisingsealevelsacrosstheglobe.Thisisparticularlytroublingforlowcoastalregionsandsomeislandcountries.In1000yearsorso,alltheseplaceswillbefloodedunderwater.Sowherewillwebeabletolive?Unlesswecanfindawaytoevolveintomermaidsandmermen,whichdoesn’tlookpromising,theonlysolutionistomoveelsewhere.Therewillbelittlechoiceleftoncealargeproportionofthelandislosttothesea,andotherremainingplaceswillbesohotthatitwillbeabsolutelyimpossibleforustosurvive.Countriesthatweconsidertobehotthesedayswillbeevenmoresoiftemperaturesincreaseby5,10,even15degrees.Itispossible,then,thattheoncefrozenpolesoftheArcticandAntarcticawillbesuitableenoughtolivein,havingmelteditsiceandwarmedup.It’sscarytothinkofourdescendents(后代)strugglingtosurviveinavirtuallyuninhabitableworld.Perhapsifpeoplestarttorealizehowtheiractionsnowcanhavesuchanimpactonfuturegenerations,theywillchangetheirattitudeandstarttothinkmoreaboutcaringfortheenvironment.Ifnot,we’llbelivinginaworldunderwaterandwillneedtothinkofawaytoturnourselvesintomermaids!【文章大意】如果不改变我们现在的生活方式,地球温度将继续上升,导致海水上涨,低海拔地区将被淹没,其他地区也将热得无法生存,人们不得不进化成“美人鱼”!1.Whataboutourplanetin1000yearsaccordingtothetext?A.Therewillbemorewater.B.Winterwillbecomemild.C.Low-lyingislandswilldisappear.D.Sealevelswillriseinthepolarregions.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,如果气温继续上升,大约1000年后,低海拔的沿海地区将被水淹没。故选C。2.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Hotplacestodaywillbecomecolder.B.Humansmightevolveintomermaids.C.Fewerplaceswillbesuitabletolive.D.Theearthwillbetotallycoveredbywater.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,气候持续变暖会导致海平面上升,淹没大部分地区,适合人们居住的空间越来越小。C选项符合题意。3.Whatdoestheauthorappealtopeopletodo?A.Carefortheenvironment.B.Learntolivelikeamermaid.C.Takegoodcareofourchildren.D.Struggleforoursurvival.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中“theywillchangetheirattitudeandstarttothinkmoreaboutcaringfortheenvironment”可知,作者写这篇文章主要想让人们改变态度,多考虑关心环境。A选项符合题意。4.Whichwordcandescribetheauthor’sattitudetowardsglobalwarming?A.Optimistic. B.Worried.C.Terrified. D.Unconcerned.【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据文章内容以及最后一段中“It’sscarytothinkofourdescendentsstrugglingtosurviveinavirtuallyuninhabitableworld.”可知,作者对目前的气候变化给人类带来的灾难感到忧虑。故选B。scary作形容词,意为“使人惊慌的”。【知识拓展】佳词积累

1.temperaturen.温度;气温

2.extreme adj.极端的

3.melt v.融化

4.particularly adv.尤其;特别地

5.absolutely adv.绝对地;完全地

6.generation n.一代;一代人

7.impact n.&v.影响B(2020·乌鲁木齐模拟)Artificialintelligence(AI)technologymaysoonbeausefultoolfordoctors.Itmayhelpthembetterunderstandandtreatdiseaseslikebreastcancerinwaysthatwereneverbeforepossible.RishiRawatteachesAIattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia’s(USC)ClinicalScienceCenterinLosAngeles.HeispartofateamofscientistswhoareresearchinghowAIandmachinelearningcanmoreeasilyrecognizecancerousgrowthsinthebreast.Rawatprovidesinformationaboutcancercellsforacomputer.Hesaysthisdatahelpsthemachinelearn.“Youcanputthedataintocomputersandtheywilllearnthepatternsandthepatternrecognitionisimportanttomakingdecisions.”DavidAgusisanotherUSCresearcher.Hesaysmachinesarenotgoingtotaketheplaceofdoctors.“Computerswillnottreatpatients,buttheywillhelpmakecertaindecisionsandlookforthingsthatthehumanbraincan’trecognizebyitself.Onceaconfirmedcancerousgrowthisremoved,doctorsstillhavetotreatthepatienttoreducetheriskofcancerreturning.Theformoftreatmentdependsonthekindofcancer.”Currently,researcherstakeathinpieceoftissue,putitonasmallpieceofglassandaddcolortobetterseethecells.Thatprocesscouldtakedaysorevenlonger.Scientistssayartificialintelligencecandosomethingbetterthanjustcountcells.Throughmachinelearning,itcanrecognizecomplexpatterns,orstructures,andlearnhowthecellsareorganized.Thehopeisthatmachineswillsoonbeabletomakeaquickidentificationofcancerthatisfreeofhumanmistakes.“Allofasudden,wehavethecomputingpowertoreallydoitinrealtime.Wecouldn’thavedonethis,wedidn’thavethecomputingpowertodothisseveralyearsago,butnowit’sallchanged.”Agusaddsthattheprocesscouldbedoneforalmostnocostinthedevelopingworld.Hesaysthathavingalargeamountofinformationaboutpatientsisimportantforamachinetoeffectivelydoitsjobinmedicine.TheUniversityof【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文章。文章介绍人工智能,并解释了它在治疗癌症中的作用,希望机器很快就能快速识别出没有人类错误的癌症。5.InRishiRawat’sresearch,________.

A.thedataputintocomputerscontributestocancerrecognitionB.manycancersarebeingstudiedatthemomentC.machinelearninghasreplaceddoctors’workD.thefocusisonthecureforcancer【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中Rawatprovidesinformationaboutcancercellsforacomputer.Hesaysthisdatahelpsthemachinelearn.“Youcanputthedataintocomputersandtheywilllearnthepatternsandthepatternrecognitionisimportanttomakingdecisions.”可知,在RishiRawat的研究中,输入电脑的数据有助于对癌症的识别。故选A。6.WhatisthepurposeofDavidAgus’swordsinParagraph3?A.Toprovidesomeadvicefordoctors.B.Tointroducethedevelopmentofcancer.C.Toappealtoscientiststoresearchintocancer.D.ToexplainthefunctionofAIintreatingcancer.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段中Scientistssayartificialintelligencecandosomethingbetterthanjustcountcells.Throughmachinelearning,itcanrecognizecomplexpatterns,orstructures,andlearnhowthecellsareorganized.“科学家们表示,人工智能可以做的不仅仅是计数细胞。通过机器学习,它可以识别复杂的模式或结构,并了解细胞是如何组织的。”可知,在第三段DavidAgus所说的话是用来解释人工智能在治疗癌症中的作用的。故选D。7.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.AIcanmakedecisionsfordoctors.B.Developingcountriesmightbelackoffunds.C.AIwillhopefullymakeanaccurateidentificationofcancer.D.Computingpowerhaslonghelpedwiththeidentificationofcancer.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第五段中Thehopeisthatmachineswillsoonbeabletomakeaquickidentificationofcancerthatisfreeofhumanmistakes.“希望机器很快就能快速识别出没有人类错误的癌症。”可知,C项正确。8.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsAIusedintreatingcancer?A.Positive.B.Indifferent.C.Doubtful. D.Negative.【解析】选A。观点态度题。根据最后一段TheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaresearchersarenowonlystudyingbreastcancer.Butdoctorspredictartificialintelligencewillonedaymakeadifferenceinallformsofcancer.“南加州大学的研究人员目前只研究乳腺癌。但医生预测,人工智能终有一天会在所有癌症中发挥作用。”可知,作者对人工智能治疗癌症的态度是“积极的,肯定的”。故选A。【知识拓展】长难句分析

(Para.3)Computerswillnottreatpatients,buttheywillhelpmakecertaindecisionsandlookforthingsthatthehumanbraincan’trecognizebyitself.

分析:这是一个由but连接的并列句;that引导定语从句,修饰先行词things。

翻译:计算机不会治疗病人,但它们会协助做出某些判断,并寻找人类大脑无法自己识别的东西。Ⅱ.完形填空OnthesnowymorningofJanuary28,Ionlyplannedtotakemygarbageoutbeforeheadingstraightbackinside.However,whiletakingthegarbageouttothe1alongtheroad,myfour-year-oldblackLabrador,Midnight,startedactingstrangely.Herearsperkedup(竖起)2me.Ihadneverseenhermakethatexpression.

Ifeltsomethingmightbe3,soIletMidnightleadthewayandfollowedherovertomy4neighbor’shouse.Whenwegottoaspotontheothersideofthehome,we587-year-oldNoreenlyinginthe6.Ifiguredshehadbeenoutthereatleastoneandahalfhours.Hurriedly,I7herupandbroughtherintomyhome.

Onceinside,mywifeandImadesureshewasn’tseriouslyinjuredand8shedidn’thavefrostbite(冻伤).However,herhandswerealready9sowehelpedherwarmupandgaveherdryclothes.LaterNoreenexplainedtomeshehadgoneoutearlierthat10tofillherbirdfeederbeforethetemperaturedroppedevenfurtherthefollowingdaybutshewas11inthesnowaftertakinga12Noreenisnowmuchbetterbutknowshow13shecametolosingherlife.Shewasgrateful.“MidnightiswithoutdoubtthereasonIamstill14today,”saidNoreen.

WithoutMidnightIwouldneverhaveseenNoreenlyingontheground.We’vebeenvery15ofherbecauseit’snoteverydogthatpaysattentiontothingslikethis.

【文章大意】本文是记叙文。文章叙述了在一个极度寒冷的早晨,一只拉布拉多犬的异常行为,引起了主人的关注,跟随他的狗,他发现87岁的邻居倒在雪地上危在旦夕。他立刻对老人进行救助,最后老人脱离危险。1.A.car B.mailbox C.dustbin D.court【解析】选C。根据上下文以及常识,作者把垃圾拿出去放入外面路边的垃圾箱里(dustbin)。car“车”;mailbox“邮箱”;court“网球场”。2.A.lookingat B.walkingbesideC.lookingafter D.listeningto【解析】选A。根据第一段最后一个单词expression“表情”,可以推断出来,作者的狗竖着耳朵看着(lookingat)他,表情不寻常。walkingbeside“走在……旁边”;lookingafter“照看”;listeningto“听着”。3.A.unique B.special C.wrong D.sharp【解析】选C。根据上文他的狗的异样行为和表情,作者感觉到出了什么事情。somethingiswrong“出了什么事情”;unique“独特的”;special“特殊的”;sharp“锋利的”。4.A.elderly B.former C.young D.sick【解析】选A。根据下文87-year-oldNoreen,可以知道是上了年纪的(elderly)邻居。former“以前的”;young“年轻的”;sick“有病的”。5.A.found B.rememberedC.recognized D.knew【解析】选A。根据上下文,作者发现(found)87岁的邻居正躺在雪地里。6.A.water B.snow C.field D.wind【解析】选B。根据文章开头提到的snowymorning以及后面inthesnow,得知这里老邻居是躺在雪地里。7.A.put B.lifted C.took D.woke【解析】选B。当作者意识到老人躺在雪地里至少一个半小时时,立刻把她抬起来(liftedup)并带回家。putup“建起”,tookup“从事、拿起、占据”;wokeup“唤醒”。8.A.understood B.checkedC.promised D.predicted【解析】选B。根据上下文,作者和妻子检查(checked)一下看看老人是否有冻伤。understood“理解”;promised“承诺”;predicted“预测”。9.A.black B.white C.blue D.pink【解析】选C。根据上下文及常识,她的手已经冻得发青(blue)了。10.A.morning B.afternoonC.evening D.night【解析】选A。文章一开始就交代OnthesnowymorningofJanuary28,所以这里选择morning。11.A.struggling B.sleepingC.expecting D.surviving【解析】选A。根据上下文推断,老人在雪地里摔倒了之后,在雪地里挣扎(struggling),试图站起来,但是没有成功。其他不符合语境:sleeping“睡觉”;expecting“期待”;surviving“生存”。12.A.break B.fall C.breath D.step【解析】选B。根据上下文推断出来,老人是在雪地里摔倒了,爬不起来。takeafall“摔了一跤”;takeabreak“休息一下”;takeabreath“喘口气”;takeastep“采取措施;迈出一步”。13.A.narrow B.painfulC.close D.hopeless【解析】选C。Noreen现在好多了,但她知道自己差点丢了性命。beclosetodoing“接近”,固定搭配。narrow“狭窄的”;painful“痛苦的”;hopeless“没有希望的”。14.A.dead B.lucky C.free D.alive【解析】选D。根据上下文可知:邻居Noreen说,她能活着(alive)多亏了Midnight。15.A.afraid B.aware C.ashamed D.proud【解析】选D。根据上下文,作者为自己的狗救人的事迹感到自豪(proud)。beproudof“为……而自豪”;beafraidof“害怕”;beawareof“意识到”;beashamedof“为……而羞愧”。Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Wecanliveforweekswithoutfood,dayswithoutwater,butonlyafewminuteswithoutair.Thequalityoftheairwebreatheis1.________(extreme)importantforoverallhealthandwellbeing.Airpollutionisamajorcauseofdeath2.________illnessintheworld.Whilethereareseveralnaturalsourcesofairpollution,humanactivities,among3.________industry,heatingandtransportarethemostsevere,havemadeasignificantcontribution4.________airpollutionovercenturies,particularlyafterthebeginningoftheindustrialrevolutioninthelate1700s.Nowadays,outdoorairpollutantsincludefinepa