高中英语Module4GreatScientists试题（含解析）外研版必修4

Module4GreatScientists

悦读教材话题

FiveFaithsofNewton—“TheGreatestScientistInHistory”

”人类历史上最伟大的科学家”牛顿的五则信条

PatientlyThink

"IfIhavedonethepublicanyservice,itisduetomypatientthought.”

Wedon,tspendenoughtimepatientlythinking!AlbertEinsteinsaid,”

It'snotthatVmsosmart,it'sjustthatIstaywithproblemslonger."If

youwouldjustblockoutsometimedailyto"think”,youcouldsolvemanyof

yourproblems.YoucouldevensolvesomeoftheworldJsproblems.

耐心思考

”我之所以能够为社会作出什么贡献，这都要归功于耐心的思考。”

我们总是不愿拿出足够的时间耐心思考问题！艾尔伯特•爱因斯坦曾说

过：”我并不是天才，只是我比普通人思考问题的时间更长。”如果你能够每

天抽出一部分时间“思考”，你的很多问题都将得到解决，你甚至可以解决一

些全球性的问题。

LabortobeTactful

"Tactistheartofmakingapointwithoutmakinganenemy."Solomon

said,“Agentleanswerturnsawaywrath,butaharshwordstirsupanger."We

canallpolishuponourtact,ourdiplomacy,ourdiscretion,ourdelicacy,and

ourgracefulness.Solomonwentontosay,"Likeapplesofgoldinsettingsof

3人力*."照友计""值silverisawordspokeninright

视UX趋付*在女力|舌circumstances,"labortobetactfulinall

youdo.

机智处世

“机智是一门艺术，它不仅能使你表达自己

的看法，还不会使你树敌。”所罗门说过：”回

答柔和，使怒消退。言语暴戾，触动怒气。”通过机智圆滑的处世之道，不论是我们的交

际手腕、判断力、韧性，还是行为举止都将更加出色。所罗门还说过：”一句话说得合

宜，就如金苹果在银网子里，”时时处处机智处世。

BuildBridges

uWebuildtoomanywallsandnotenoughbridges.

TonyRobbinssaid,"Thequalityofyourlifeisthequalityofyour

relationships."Thisiswhyyoumustspendyourtimebuildingbridgesinstead

ofwalls.Whenwe"buildbridges"weareliterallybuildingabetterlife.

Whenwebuildwalls,wearestagnatingourowngrowth.JosephF.Newton

said,”Peoplearelonelybecausetheybuildwallsinsteadofbridges.

构建桥梁

"我们心中修葺了太多围墙，却鲜有沟通彼此的桥梁。"

托尼•罗宾斯说过："人际关系决定一个人的生活质量。"这

就是为什么你要花费时间来构建通往他人心墙内的桥梁，而不是围

墙。当我们构建了桥梁，我们也就创造了更加美好的生活。而当我

们只顾着搭建围墙时，我们自身的发展也就停滞不前了。约瑟

夫•F.•牛顿说："人们感到孤独，是因为他们在人与人之间筑了

墙，而不是搭了桥。

ChaseafterKnowledge

"IfIhaveseenfurtherthanothers,itisbystandingupontheshoulders

ofgiants."

There'snoneedtorecreatethewheel.Tomakeprogress,allyoumustdo

istobuildonwhatothershavealreadydone.Commencebylearningwhatothers

know.Whenyouchaseafterknowledge,youstrategicallypositionyourselfon

theshouldersofgiants;youarethenabletoseewhatotherscan,tsee.

追逐知识

"如果说我比别人看得更远，那是因为我站在巨人的肩膀上。”

没必要自垒阵营，你只用在前人已有的基础上不断进步就行。你可以从前人已知的开

始入手，当你汲取知识的时候，你是有战略性地站在巨人的肩膀上，这样你能掌握他人不

了解的知识。

PursueTruth

Amanmayimaginethingsthatarefalse,buthecanonlyunderstand

thingsthataretrue,forifthethingsbefalse,theapprehensionofthemis

notunderstanding.

Wemustpursue"truth!"Therersananonymousquotethatgoes,“The

truthisheavy,thereforefewcaretocarryit."Beoneofthosefewwho

pursuetruthbothdayandnight.BlaisePascalsaid,"Onceyoursoulhasbeen

enlargedbytruth,itcanneverreturntoitsoriginalsize.

追求真理

"人类可能会猜测一些事情是错误的，但他只能够明白这些

事是真实存在的，却不明白它错在哪儿，这便是人们对真理的不

理解。"

我们必须追求真理！有这样一句谚语："真理沉重，因此少

有人承载它。"做一个每天都在追逐真理的人，布莱士•帕斯卡

（注：法国数学家）说："一旦你的灵魂被真理延伸，它绝不会

再回到最初的形态。"

悦背单元词汇

I.核心单词

l._n.人物

2.vt.出版

3.vt.支持

4.vt.取代；以……代替

5.vi.逃跑；逃避

6.adj.直的

7.n.生产者一_______________vt.生产一________n.生产

8.adj.主要的fvt.领导f_______________n.领导者

9._vt.教育一_n.教育一_n.教育者

10.______n.农业f_________adj.农业的

11.adj.原来的；最初的一n.起源

12.vt.出口_vt.进口

13.n.数量_n.质量

14.adj.简短的；简洁的一adv.简短地，简洁地

15.vi.毕业n.毕业生一n.毕业

16.n.爆炸；爆炸声一vi.爆炸

H.重点短语

1.培养；养育

2.由于……的结果

3.因……而出名

4.谋生

5.掌权

6.bringin______________

7.thekeytodoingsth

8.experimentwith

9.convert...to...

10.attach...to..

参杏答案

I.核心单词

1.figure2.publish3.support4.replace

5.escape

6.straight7.producer；produce；production8.leading；lead；leader

9.educate；education；educator10.agriculture；agricultural

11.original；origin

12.export；import13.quantity；quality

14.brief；briefly

15.graduate；graduation16.explosion；explode

II.重点短语

1.bringup2.asaresultof3.beknownfor4.earn

one*sliving5.cometopower

6.引进；带来7.做某事的关键8.对……进行实验9.把……转化

10.把……系到……上

1.supportvt.支持；支撑；资助；供养n.支持；支撑物；帮助

Fromdawntodusk,heworkscountlesshourstosupportourfamily.从早到晚，为

了养活我们一家人，他工作的时间不计其数。

I归纳拓展I

supportsbin(doing)sth在某一方面支持某人

givesupportto支持，支援

cometoonessupport支持某人

insupportof

2.quantityn.数量；大量

It'salotcheaperifyoubuyitinquantity.如果你大量购买要便宜得多。

I归纳拓展I

alargequantityof大量的

largequantitiesof大量的；许多的

inquantity大量地

【名师点睛】

aquantityof/quantitiesof既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。aquantityof

+n.作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词，quantitiesof+n.作主语时，谓语动词

用复数。

3.escapevi.逃跑，逃离；逃脱vt.避开；避免；被遗忘，被忽视n.逃离；逃脱

Hisheartbeatwildly,andwithoutthinkinghestartedtorunandluckily

escapedthecat4spaws（爪子）.他（老鼠）的心怦怦乱跳,赶紧逃窜，幸运地躲过了那只

猫的抓捕。

I归纳拓展I

(1)escapefrom逃跑；逃脱；从……逃走

escapedoingsth逃避、避开做某事

escapedeath/punishment死里逃生/逃脱惩罚

(2)makeanarrowescape九死一生，幸免于难

makeone'sescape逃跑

4.beknownfor因..而出名/闻名

Shangrilaisknownforitsquietnaturalscenery.香格里拉以其恬静的自然风光闻

名。

I归纳拓展I

beknownas作为....而出名

beknownto为...熟知

beknownby凭...而知

5.cometo/intopower掌权；执政

Thepartycametopoweratthelastelection.这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。

I归纳拓展I

inpower当权，执政

takepower掌权

havepowerover控制，支配

in/withinone'spower在某人的权力/力量之内

beyondone'spower不能胜任；力所不能及

beinpowertodosth某人有权（有能力）做某事

核心句型剖析

1.Thetubeswereattachedtoalongstickwhichhelpedkeeptherocketmoving

inastraightdirection.管子都被绑到一根长木棍上，这有助于火箭径直向前飞。

句中含有“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，意为”使……继续处于某种状态”，这里

keep为使役动词。

"keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、分词

等，但高考主要考查分词，其用法如下：

⑴keep+宾语+过去分词，过去分词和宾语构成被动关系。

⑵keep+宾语+现在分词，现在分词和宾语构成主动关系。

2.Orwashecarriedmilesintospace,becomingtheworld,sfirstastronaut?

还是他被带到了数英里之外的太空，成了世界上第一位宇航员？

现在分词充当结果状语

3.Hethoughttherewasonlyonewaytodothis-bycrossingdifferentspecies

ofriceplant,andthenhecouldproduceanewplantwhichcouldgiveahigher

yieldthaneitheroftheoriginalplants•他认为，唯一的办法就是使不同种类的水

稻杂交，这样才能培育出产量比原先任何一种水稻产量都要高的新品种。

awaytodosth/ofdoingsth做....的方法/方式

高考试题一

体裁题材词数难度建议时间

说明文孩子玩耍与科学研究447★★★☆☆8，

(2016•浙江卷阅读理解C篇)Ascientistworkingatherlabbenchandasix­

month-oldbabyplayingwithhisfoodmightseemtohavelittleincommon.After

all,thescientistisengagedinseriousresearchtouncovertheverynatureof

thephysicalworld,andthebabyis,well,justplaying…right?Perhaps,but

somedevelopmentalpsychologists(心理学家)havearguedthatthis"play”is

morelikeascientificinvestigationthanonemightthink.

Takeacloserlookatthebabyplayingatthetable.Eachtimethebowlof

riceispushedoverthetableedge,itfallstotheground一and,inthe

process,itbringsoutimportantevidenceabouthowphysicalobjectsinteract

(相互作用):bowlsofricedonotfloatinmid-air,butrequiresupportto

remainstable.Itislikelythatbabiesarenotbornknowingthisbasicfactof

theuniverse;noraretheyeverclearlytaughtit.Instead,babiesmayforman

understandingofobjectsupportthroughrepeatedexperimentsandthenbuildon

thisknowledgetolearnevenmoreabouthowobjectsinteract.Thoughtheir

rangesandtoolsdiffer,thebaby'sinvestigationandthescientistJs

experimentappeartosharethesameaim(tolearnaboutthenaturalworld),

overallapproach(gatheringdirectevidencefromtheworld),andlogic(aremy

observationswhatIexpected?).

Somepsychologistssuggestthatyoungchildrenlearnaboutmorethanjust

thephysicalworldinthisway一thattheyinvestigatehumanpsychologyandthe

rulesoflanguageusingsimilarmeans.Forexample,itmayonlybethrough

repeatedexperiments,evidencegathering,andfinallyoverturningatheory,

thatababywillcometoaccepttheideathatotherpeoplecanhavedifferent

viewsanddesiresfromwhatheorshehas,forexample,unlikethechild,Mommy

actuallydoesn,tlikeDovechocolate.

Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslight

onhowchildrenlearn,butitalsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceand

scientists.Whydoyoungchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuchalike?

Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort-thedesiretoexplore,

explain,andunderstandourworld-issimplysomethingthatcomesfromour

babyhood.Perhapsevolution（进化）providedhumanbabieswithcuriosityanda

naturaldrivetoexplaintheirworlds,andadultscientistssimplymakeuseof

thesamedrivethatservedthemaschildren.Thesamecognitive（认知的）

systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmay

havebeenadoptedbyadultscientists.Assomepsychologistsputit,"Itis

notthatchildrenarelittlescientistsbutthatscientistsarebigchildren."

50.Accordingtosomedevelopmentalpsychologists,.

A.ababy'splayisnothingmorethanagame

B.scientificresearchintobabies,gamesispossible

C.thenatureofbabies'playhasbeenthoroughlyinvestigated

D.ababy'splayissomehowsimilartoascientist'sexperiment

51.WelearnfromParagraph2that.

A.scientistsandbabiesseemtoobservetheworlddifferently

B.scientistsandbabiesofteninteractwitheachother

C.babiesarebornwiththeknowledgeofobjectsupport

D.babiesseemtocollectevidencejustasscientistsdo

52.Childrenmaylearntherulesoflanguageby.

A.exploringthephysicalworldB.investigating

humanpsychology

C.repeatingtheirownexperimentsD.observing

theirparents'behaviors

53.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A.Theworldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedthroughchildren,splay.

B.Studyingbabies,playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofscience.

C.Childrenmayhavegreaterabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.

D.One,sdriveforscientificresearchmaybecomestrongerashegrows.

54.Whatistheauthor?stonewhenhediscussestheconnectionbetween

scientists'researchandbabies'play?

A.Convincing.B.Confused.C.Confident.

D.Cautious.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有共同

之处。

50.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的butsomedevelopmental

psychologists(心理学家)havearguedthatthis"play"ismorelikea

scientificinvestigationthanonemightthink可知，心理学家觉得孩子的

玩耍和科学家的研究有些相似，故选D。

51.D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的overallapproach(gathering

directevidencefromtheworld)可知孩子也会像科学家一样收集证据，故选

Do

52.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的"Forexample,itmayonlybe

throughrepeatedexperiments,evidencegathering,andfinally

overturningatheoryu可知，孩子可以通过重复自己的实验来学习语言的规

律，故选C。

53.B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的HViewingchildhooddevelopmentasa

scientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn,butitalso

offersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.”可知，研究孩子可以

让人们更好地了解科学，故选B。

54.D【解析】推理判断题。根据作者在文中的用词appearto、用may来弱化绝对性

的表达及通过引用其他人的观点Somepsychologistsuggestthat可知，作者的

语气是谨慎的。故选D。

【名师点睛】

阅读理解有时理解文章中的长难句是关键，理解不了这些句子就很难理解文章的大

意。下面我们分析一下这篇文章中的长句。

Forexample,itmayonlybethroughrepeatedexperiments,evidencegathering,

andfinallyoverturningatheory,thatababywillcometoaccepttheidea

thatotherpeoplecanhavedifferentviewsanddesiresfromwhatheorshehas,

forexample,unlikethechild,Mommyactuallydoesn'tlikeDovechocolate.例

如，可能只是通过反复实验，收集证据，并最终推翻一个理论，一个婴儿就会接受其他人

可以和他/她持有不同的意见和愿望这一观点。例如，和孩子不同，妈妈实际上并不喜欢

德芙巧克力。

这句话使用了强调句，强调的是throughrepeatedexperiments,evidence

gathering,andfinallyoverturningatheory,这部分比较长，考生可能没有注意到这

个句式。主干部分中idea后面是that引导的同位语从句，that在从句中不作成分；from

后面的whatheorshehas是宾语从句，what在从句中作has的宾语。

高考试题二

体裁题材词数难度建议时间

议论文不为人知的科学家358★★★☆☆T

（2011•江苏卷阅读理解A篇）Weknowthefamousones一theThomasEdisonsand

theAlexanderGrahamBells—butwhataboutthelessfamousinventors?What

aboutthepeoplewhoinventedthetrafficlightandthewindshieldwiper（雨舌ij

器）？Shouldn,tweknowwhotheyare?

JoanMcLeanthinksso.Infact,McLean,aprofessorofphysicsatMountain

UniversityinRange,feelssostronglyaboutthismatterthatshe,sdeveloped

acourseonthetopic.Inadditiontolearning"who"invented"what",

however,McLeanalsolikesherstudentstolearntheanswerstothe"why"

and"how"questions.AccordingtoMcLean,“Whenstudentslearntheanswers

tothesequestions,theyarebetterpreparedtorecognizeopportunitiesfor

inventingandmoremotivatedtogiveinventingatry."

Herstudentsagree.Oneyoungmanwithapatentforanunbreakableumbrella

iswalkingproofofMcLean'sstatement.”IfIhadnotheardthestoryofthe

windshieldwiper'sinvention,"saidTommyLee,aseniorphysicsmajor,"I

neverwouldhavedreamedofturningmybadexperienceduringarainstorminto

somethingsoconstructive."Leeiscurrentlynegotiatingtosellhispatentto

anumbrellaproducer.

So,justwhatisthestorybehindthewindshieldwiper?Well,MaryAnderson

cameupwiththeideain1902afteravisittoNewYorkCity.Thedaywascold

andstormy,butAndersonstillwantedtoseethesights,soshejumpedaboarda

streetcar.Noticingthatthedriverwasstrugglingtoseethroughthesnow

coveringthewindshield,shefoundherselfwonderingwhytherecouldn'tbea

built-indeviceforcleaningthewindow.Stillwonderingaboutthiswhenshe

returnedhometoBirmingham,Alabama,Andersonstarteddraftingoutsolutions.

Oneofherideas,alever（操作杆）ontheinsideofavehiclethatwould

controlanarmontheoutside,becamethefirstwindshieldwiper.

Todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.It'shardto

imaginedrivingwithoutGarrettA.Morgan?strafficlight.It'sequally

impossibletopictureaworldwithoutKatherineJ.BlodgettJsinnovationthat

makesglassinvisible.Canyoupicturelifewithoutclearwindowsand

eyeglasses?

56.Bymentioning'*trafficlight"and"windshieldwiper”,theauthor

indicatesthatcountlessinventionsare.

A.beneficial,becausetheirinventorsarefamous

B.beneficial,thoughtheirinventorsarelessfamous

C.notuseful,becausetheirinventorsarelessfamous

D.notuseful,thoughtheirinventorsarefamous

57.ProfessorJoanMcLean'scourseaimsto.

A.addcolourandvarietytostudents'campuslife

B.informstudentsofthewindshieldwiper,sinvention

C.carryouttherequirementsbyMountainUniversity

I）,preparestudentstotrytheirowninventions

58.TommyLee'sinventionoftheunbreakableumbrellawas.

A.noteventuallyacceptedbytheumbrellaproducer

B.inspiredbythestorybehindthewindshieldwiper

C.duetohisdreamofbeingcaughtinarainstorm

D.notrelatedtoProfessorJoanMcLean,slectures

59.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthispassage?

A.HowtoHelpStudentstoSellTheirInventionstoProducers?

B.HowtoDesignaBuilt-inDeviceforCleaningtheWindow?

C.Shouldn,tWeKnowWhoInventedtheWindshieldWiper?

D.Shouldn,tWeDevelopInventionCoursesinUniversities?

【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了我们不仅要记住像交通灯和雨刮器这样的发明，也要记

住发明这些东西的科学家或个人。

56.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文中所举的事例和最后一段可知，作者提到像交通灯

和雨刮器这样的发明是想告诉我们，这些发明的发明者虽然不是很有名，但是这

些发明对我们的生活是非常有益的，因此选择B项。

57.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的最后一句"Whenstudentslearnthe

answerstothesequestions,theyarebetterpreparedtorecognize

opportunitiesforinventingandmoremotivatedtogiveinventinga

try."可知，ProfessorJoanMcLean的课程的目的是帮助学生去自己发明、创

造，因此D项正确。

58.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知TommyLee发明unbreakable

umbrella是受到了发明雨刮器背后的故事的激励，因此选择B项。

59.C【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文可知本文不是关于如何帮助学生销售他们的发明

的，也不是关于如何设计一种装置来清洁窗户的，在大学

里开设有关发明的课程只是用来说明我们应如何对待生活

中的小发明：我们应把握发明的契机、去创造。故C项最

适合作为文章的标题。

【试题分析】

本文讲述的是与发明有关的文章，我们不仅要记住像交通

灯和雨刮器这样的发明，也要记住发明这些东西的科学家

或个人，不管他们是不是著名。从题目设置来说，标题归

纳题、细节理解题、推理判断题在本试题中都有出现，词

义猜测题、观点态度题、写作目的题并未在此试题中有所体现。

高考试题三

体裁题材词数难度建议时间

人物传记居里夫人的女儿艾琳•居里269★★☆☆☆6，

（2011•陕西卷阅读理解B篇）MostpeopleknowthatMarieCurie

wasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize,andthefirst

persontowinittwice.However,fewpeopleknowthatshewas

alsothemotherofaNobelPrizewinner.

BorninSeptember,1897,IreneCuriewasthefirstofthe

Curies,twodaughters.Alongwithniceotherchildrenwhose

parentswerealsofamousscholars,Irenestudiedintheirown

school,andhermotherwasoneoftheteachers.Shefinished

herhighschooleducationattheCollegeofSevigneinParis.

IreneenteredtheUniversityofParisin1914toprepare

foradegreeinmathematicsandphysics.WhenWorldWarIbegan,Irenewentto

helphermother,whowasusingX-rayfacilities（设备）tohelpsavethelives

ofwoundedsoldiers.IrenecontinuedtheworkbydevelopingX-rayfacilitiesin

militaryhospitalsinFranceandBelgium.Ilerserviceswererecognisedinthe

formofaMilitaryMedalbytheFrenchgovernment.

In1918,Irenebecamehermother'sassistantattheCurieInstitute.In

December1924,FredericJoliotjoinedtheInstitute,andIrenetaughthimthe

techniquesrequiredforhiswork.Theysoonfellinloveandweremarriedin

1926.TheirdaughterHelenewasbornin1927andtheirsonPierrefiveyears

later.

Likehermother,Irenecombinedfamilyandcareer.Likehermother,Irene

wasawardedaNobelPrize,alongwithherhusband,in1935.Unfortunately,also

likehermother,shedevelopedleukemiabecauseofherworkwithradioactivity

（辐射能）.IreneJoliot-CuriediedfromleukemiaonMarch17,1956.

49.WhywasIreneCurieawardedaMilitaryMedal?

A.Becauseshereceivedadegreeinmathematics.

B.Becauseshecontributedtosavingthewounded.

C.BecauseshewontheNobelPrizewithFrederic.

D.Becausesheworkedasahelpertohermother.

50.WheredidIreneCuriemeetherhusbandFredericJoliot?

A.AttheCurieInstitute.B.Atthe

UniversityofParis.

C.Atamilitaryhospital.D.Atthe

CollegeofS6vign6.

51.WhenwasthesecondchildofIreneCurieandFredericJoliotborn?

A.In1932.B.In1927.C.In1897.

D.In1926.

52.InwhichofthefollowingaspectswasIreneCuriedifferentfromhermother?

A.Ireneworkedwithradioactivity.

B.Irenecombinedfamilyandcareer.

C.IrenewontheNobelPrizeonce.

D.Irenediedfromleukemia.

【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了居里夫人的女儿艾琳•居里的故事。

49.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段后三句可知，居里夫人的女儿艾琳•居里之所以

获得军人奖章是因为她在救治伤员方面作出了很多贡献。

50.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段前三句可知，艾琳•居里是在居里研究所遇到后

来成为她丈夫的弗雷德里克•约里奥。

51.A【解析】推理计算题。根据第四段最后一句可知，他们的第一个孩子出生于1927

年，第二个孩子是五年后出生的，也就是1932年出生的。

52.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，艾琳•居里与自己的母亲有很多相

似之处，唯一不同的就是，她只获得一次诺贝尔奖，而母亲获得过两次。

【试题分析】

2011年陕西卷英语试题阅读部分难度比较适中。本篇材料属于人物传记，对于这类材料大

家并不陌生。做题时，要注意把握人物的主要成就、主要事迹。

悦额典型模拟

I.阅读理解

JohnSnowwasanEnglishphysicianandaleaderintheadoptionof

anesthesia（麻醉的）andmedicalhygiene（医疗卫生）.Heisconsideredoneofthe

fathersofmodernepidemiology（流行病学），inpartbecauseofhisworkin

tracingthesourceofacholeraoutbreakinLondon,in1854.Hisfindings

inspiredfundamentalchangesinthewaterandwastesystemsofLondon,which

ledtosimilarchangesinothercities,andasignificantimprovementin

generalpublichealtharoundtheworld.

SnowwasbornMarch15,1813inYork,England.Hewasthefirstofnine

childrenborntoWilliamandFrancesSnowintheirNorthStreethome.His

neighbourhoodwasoneofthepoorestinthecityandwasalwaysindangerof

floodingbecauseofitsnearnesstotheRiverOuse.Hisfatherwasalabourer

whomayhaveworkedatalocalcoalyard,butlaterwasafarmerinasmall

villagetothenorthofYork.SnowwasbaptizedatAllSaints,Church,North

Street,York.

In1837SnowbeganworkingattheWestminsterHospital.Admittedasa

memberoftheRoyalCollegeofSurgeonsofEnglandonMay2,1838,hegraduated

fromtheUniversityofLondoninDecember1844andwasadmittedtotheRoyal

CollegeofPhysiciansin1850.In1850hewasalsooneofthefoundingmembers

oftheEpidemiologicalSocietyofLondon,formedinresponsetothecholera

outbreakof1849.

In1830SnowbecameamemberoftheTemperanceMovement,andlivedfora

decadeorsoasavegetarianandteetotaler.Inthemid-1840shishealth

decreased,andhereturnedtomeat-eatinganddrinkingwine.Hecontinued

drinkingpurewater（viaboiling）throughouthisadultlife.Henevermarried.

SnowsufferedastrokewhileworkinginhisLondonofficeonJune10,1858.

Hewas45yearsoldatthetime.Heneverrecovered,dyingonJune16,1858.He

wasburiedinBromptonCemetery.

1.JohnSnowisrecognizedasapioneerofstudyinginfectivediseasespartly

because.

A.hecontributedalottothemedicalhygiene

B.heworkedtofindacholeraoutbreakinLondon

C.hediscoveredthecauseofanepidemic

D.hechangedthewaterandwastesystemofLondon

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedaboutJohn

Snow?

A.Education.B.Childhood.C.Background.

D.Achievement.

3.Theunderlinedword"teetotaler”(Para.4)suggestsJohnSnowprobably

forabouttenyears.

A.drankteaa

lot

B.cutoutallalcohol

C.wasoff

meat

D.wasfondofpurewater

II.完形填空

AlbertEinsteinwasaGerman-borntheoreticalphysicist.It'suniversally

knownthathewasthe1oftheNobelPrizeinPhysics.Heisbestknownfor

his2ofrelativity,whichholdsthatmeasurements