译林版高中英语选择性必修第三册UNIT2教学知识细解码学案

1．occupyvt．占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→occupiedadj．使用中；有人使用(或居住)2．evaluatevt．评估，估计，评价→evaluationn．评价①Hernewmoviehashadalotofexposureinthemedia. 报道②Iusedalongexposureforthisone. 曝光时间③It'slikestayinginafishmarketandgettingusedtothestink；longexposuretoabadenvironmentaccustomsonetoevilways. 面临，遭受eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点1)absencen．缺乏，不存在；缺席[例]Thecasewasdismissedintheabsenceofanydefiniteproof.此案因缺乏确凿证据而不予受理。[知识拓展](1)in/duringsb'sabsence＝in/duringtheabsenceofsb. 在某人不在期间intheabsenceof... 缺乏……；不存在……absencefrom 缺席，离开，不在某处absenceofmind 心不在焉(2)absentadj. 缺席的；不在的；缺少的；心不在焉的beabsentfrom 缺席；不在[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①It'sthemanager'sjobtoorganizecoversforstaffwhoareabsent(absence).②Hisabsenceofmindwhiledriving(他驾驶的时候走神)nearlycausedanaccident.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点2)bothervt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰vi.花费时间精力(做某事)n.麻烦，困难[例]Idon'twanttobotherherwithmyproblemsatthemoment.我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。[知识拓展]bothersb.withsth. 因某事让某人担心/烦心notbothertodo/doingsth. 不费心去做某事Itbotherssb.that... 让某人担心/苦恼的是……[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Idon'tknowwhyhebothersmewiththiskindofrubbish.②Yearsbefore，Ievendidnotbothertoapplyfor/applyingfor(不愿费心去申请)EmploymentInsuranceBenefitwhenIwasunemployed.③Itbothersmethat(使我苦恼的是)theyhaven'trepliedtoourletters.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点3)occupyvt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于[例]Thebedseemedtooccupymostoftheroom.床似乎占去了大半个屋子。[知识拓展](1)beoccupiedin(doing)sth.忙于(做)某事occupysb./oneself(indoingsth./withsb./sth.)忙于……；专心于……bedeeplyoccupiedinthinking陷入深思befullyoccupied忙得不可开交(2)occupationn.占领；侵占；职业[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Haasoccupiedhimselfinwriting(write)hisresearchpaper.②SheoccupiedherselfwithatranslationofaFrenchnovel.③Pleasestateyourname，ageandoccupation(occupy)below.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点4)circumstancen．条件，状况；境况，(尤指)经济状况[例]Thecompanyreservestherighttocancelthisagreementincertaincircumstances.本公司保留在一定条件下取消这项协议的权利。[知识拓展]inthecircumstances＝underthecircumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此in/undernocircumstances＝innocase 决不(置于句首句子用部分倒装)[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Undernocircumstances(circumstance)canweagreetosuchaprinciple.②Inthecircumstances(在这种情况下)，theinformationaboutcompetitionplaysanimportantroleinsports.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点5)exposuren．面临，遭受；揭露；报道[例]Continuousexposuretosoundabove80decibelscouldbeharmfultothehearing.持续暴露在强度高于80分贝的噪声中可能对听觉有害。[知识拓展](1)exposev. 暴露，曝光exposesb./sth.to... 使……面临/遭受……exposesth. 暴露/显露/揭露某事(2)overexposev.使(胶片等)曝光过度； 对……报道过频[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Keepindoorsanddon'texposeyourskintothesun.②Heexposedtheplan(透露了这个计划)tothenewspapers.③Thephotographistoolight：itmusthavebeenoverexposed(被过度曝光了).eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点6)inviewof鉴于，考虑到[例]Inviewofthepresentsituation，we'llhavetoreviseouroriginalplan.基于目前这种情况，我们将不得不修改原来的计划。[知识拓展]inone'sview 在某人看来onview 陈列着；展览着inview 在视线中；在视野中outofview 不在视野中comeintoview 映入眼帘[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Thepiecesonviewarenotgroupedaroundanyonetheme.②Shewaveduntilthetrainwasoutofview(直到火车从视野中消失).③Inmyview(在我看来)publicparticipationisoneofthefewoptions.eq\a\vs4\al(知识要点7)vitaladj.必不可少的，对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的[例]Readingisofvitalimportanceinlanguagelearning.阅读在语言学习中至关重要。[知识拓展]bevitalto/for... 对……是至关重要的Itisvitaltodo... 做……很重要Itis/wasvitalthat... ……是十分重要的[从句中用虚拟语气 “(should)＋do”][即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Hisfunctionisvitalto/fortheaccomplishmentoftheagency'smission.②Itisvitalthatwe(should)acttostopthedestructionoftherainforests(我们应当采取行动制止破坏雨林).eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)with复合结构(教材P16)Withsomuchgoingon，thespacestationneedsalotofmaintenance，soweconstantlychecksupportsystemsanddosomecleaning.由于发生了这么多事情，空间站需要大量的维护，所以我们经常检查支持系统并做一些清洁工作。句式分析：本句中的withsomuchgoingon是“with＋n.＋动词­ing形式”结构，在句中作原因状语。[例1]Hefeltmoreuneasywiththewholeclassstaringathim.由于全班同学注视着他，他感到更不自在了。[例2]I'dliketoseethenewfilmwithtimepermitting.时间许可的话，我想看那部新电影。[知识拓展]with复合结构中除了可以跟动词­ing形式外，还有以下结构：(1)with＋宾语＋形容词(2)with＋宾语＋副词(3)with＋宾语＋介词短语(4)with＋宾语＋过去分词(5)with＋宾语＋动词不定式[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Hefellasleepwiththelampburning(burn).②Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked(lock).③Ican'tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash(wash).④Don'tspeakwithyourmouthfull(你满嘴巴的食物).eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)as引导让步状语从句(教材P17)SplendidastheviewoftheEarthis，spacewalkingisnotasexcitingasyoumightthink.虽然地球的景色十分壮观，但太空行走并不像你们可能想象的那么激动人心。句式分析：本句是一个倒装句，as引导让步状语从句，句子必须用倒装形式。[例1]Hardasheworks，hemakeslittleprogress.尽管他学习很努力，但没取得什么进步。[例2]Childashewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。[知识拓展]另外although，though可以引导让步状语从句；although不用倒装；though可以倒装也可以不倒装。[即学即练]——句型转换①Althoughitwasrainingheavilyoutside，theystartedoutveryearly.→Heavilyas/thoughitwasrainingoutside，theystartedoutveryearly.②Althoughatomsaresmall，theyaremadeupofstillsmallerunits.→Smallas/thoughatomsare，theyaremadeupofstillsmallerunits.eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式3)that'swhy...“那就是……的原因”(教材P17)That'swhyeveryspacewalkiscarefullyplanned.那就是为什么每次太空漫步都是精心策划的。句式分析：本句that'swhy...表示“那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句，why后面跟结果。[例1]Thatiswhytherearemanyversionsofthesamestory.那就是为什么同一个故事有很多版本。[例2]ThatiswhytheculturalindustryinChinaisneeded.那就是中国需要文化产业的原因。[知识拓展]That'sbecause... 那是因为……(because后面跟原因)Thereasonwhy...isthat... ……的原因是……[即学即练]——句型转换Hemissedthebus，that'swhyhewaslateforschool．→Hewaslateforschool，that'sbecausehemissedthebus．→Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolisthathemissedthebus．教材高考1．Hopefully,thisexperimentwillcastnewlightonspacefarmingandallowustosetuppermanentbasesonotherplanets,suchasMars．(2021·全国乙卷)．．．whichranksthembytheirstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites．2．Weneedtoevaluatetheeffectsoflowgravityonanimalsandplants．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre­evaluatethefunctionalityofemotions．．．3．First,weputonourspacesuits,whichallowustobreatheinspaceandprotectusfromexposuretothecoldandradiation．(2021·浙江卷)Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions．．．4．Spendingsometimeinthegymisofvitalimportancetoastronauts'health．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)．．．anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(迁徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival．Ⅰ．单句语法填空1．Youcanimaginehowfullyoccupied(occupy)Ibecame,raisingfourboysundertheageof8!2．Inthecircumstances,itseemsbetternottotellhimabouttheaccident．3．Hewaseagertobebackaftermorethanaweek'sabsencefromschool．4．Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbeevaluated(evaluate)intermsofoverallquality．5．Scientistsworrythatexposure/beingexposed(expose)tolightwhilesleepingcanincreasechancesofgettingcancer．6．What'sworse,somedriversdonotthinkitvitaltoobeytrafficrules．7．Sorrytobother(bother)you,butthemanagerisontheline．8．ForseveralhoursImademyselfhighlyvisible(vision),makingsureeveryonecouldseeme．9．Nooneisaskingyoutoputonahairshirtandgiveupallyourluxuries(luxury)．10．Hisconfidencehadbeenpermanently(permanent)affectedbythepainfulsuffering．Ⅱ．短语填空carryout；differfrom；inviewof；ofvitalimportance；inthecircumstances；castnewlighton；goon1．Withtimegoingon,thesituationisbecomingmoreandmorecomplex．2．Nobodydoubtsthatreadingisofvitalimportanceinlanguagelearning．3．Inviewoftheterribleweather，theeventwillbeheldindoorsnextWednesday．4．Tobefrank,Ireallyhavesomedifficultycarryingouttheplan．5．Sheisnotfeelingwell．Inthecircumstances,itseemsbetternottotellheraboutthefact．6．Whatthescientistsaredoingwillcastnewlightonhowthesystemworkssoonerorlater．7．Thingsintheworlddifferfromeachotherinathousandways．Ⅲ．课文语法填空Duetothenear1．absence(absent)ofgravity，wehavetoattachourselves．Weusuallysleepinprivatequarters，orinsleepingbags2．attached(attach)tothewallsortheceiling．Theroutinetasksaredemandingbutextremely3．rewarding(reward)．Weconductscient