TechniquesThatMightSmileuponMonaLisaunit9市公开课一等奖省赛

TechniquesThatMightSmileuponMonaLisa——ByEliabethOlson1/43ContentsCulturalBackground1StructuralAnalysis3ReadingComprehension4Vocabulary22/43

16thcenturypaintingbyLeonardoDaVinciofawomanwithamysterioussmile.ItiskeptintheLouvreinParis,andisoneofthefamouspaintingsintheworld.列奥纳多·达·芬奇（1452-1519）MonaLisa1503-1577×53厘米现藏巴黎卢浮宫3/43

LeonardodaVincibeganpaintingtheMonaLisa,oneofthemostfamouspaintingsofalltime,in1503.ThewomanwhocanbeseenintheMonaLisaissaidtobe

MadonnaLisadelGiocondo.ShewasthewifeofanItalianbusinessmanwhoaskeddaVincitopaintaportraitofher.AfterdaVincifinishedthepaintingin1506hewasinvitedbytheFrenchKing,FrancoisⅠ,tovisitFrance,andhetookthepaintingwith

him.TodaytheMonaLisaiskeptintheLouvre,anartmuseuminParis,anditisseenbyaboutsixmillionvisitorsayear.4/43

In1911,itwasstolenbyaworkerattheLouvre,VincenzoPeruggia,whotookitoutofthemuseumbyhidingitunderhiscoat.TwoyearslaterpolicefoundthepaintingunderPeruggia’sbedafterhetriedtosellit.5/43MonaLisa'sSmile在不一样角度不一样光线下观赏这幅画，人们都会得到不一样感受。那微笑时而温文尔雅，时而安详严厉，时而略带哀伤，时而又有几分讽嘲与揶揄，神秘莫测微笑显露出人物神秘莫测心灵活动。几百年来，“微笑”新解层出不穷。诸如微笑不露皓齿是因原型虽典雅漂亮却口齿不齐；原型因爱女夭折，忧郁寡欢，难掩凄楚之态；更有甚者，把蒙娜丽莎从贵妇宝座上推落下来，把原型贬为妓女，故而微笑中带着讥嘲和揶揄。美国马里兰州约瑟夫·鲍考夫斯基博士认为：“蒙娜丽莎压根就没笑。"法国里昂脑外科教授让·雅克·孔代特博士认为蒙娜丽莎刚得过一场中风，请看，她半个脸肌肉是松弛，脸歪着所以才显得微笑。英国医生肯尼思·基友博士相信蒙娜丽莎怀孕了。他依据是：她脸上流露出满意表情，皮肤鲜嫩，双手交叉着放在腹部。用x光照射，发觉蒙娜丽莎嘴部涂画40层颜料，每一层都很薄。证实并不是用笔所画，而是作者把颜料涂在手上继而画在上面。而每一层颜料都要几个月才能风干，推算大约才画好蒙娜丽莎微笑。6/43MonaLisa'sEyes意大利国家文化遗产理事会主席西尔瓦诺·温切蒂借助显微镜观察油画中蒙娜丽莎眼睛，发觉微小字符。英国《卫报》12日援引温切蒂话报道：“肉眼看不出来。她绿褐色右眼球上画有黑色LV字样，很显著这是莱奥纳多·达·芬奇姓名首字母。”温切蒂说，左眼球上字符还未辨明。“极难清楚分辨……但看起来是字母CE，也可能是B或者S。”达芬奇热衷于用符号和密码来传递信息。除眼睛外，画作其它位置也藏有字符。温切蒂说：“在背景中桥拱上能够看到数字72，也可能是字母L和数字2。”达·芬奇不但是文艺复兴时期意大利出色画家，还在科学和哲学领域表现出过人能力。他热衷于用符号和密码来传递信息。温切蒂认为，达·芬奇把字符藏在眼中是因为“眼睛是心灵窗户”，是一个交流路径。7/43MonaLisa'sHand8/43theLouvre9/43

TheLouvreMuseumorsimplytheLouvre–isoneoftheworld'slargestmuseumsandahistoricmonument.AcentrallandmarkofParis,itislocatedonthenorthshoreofSeineRiver.Itwasfoundedin1204andafterover800yearsdevelopmenttotoday’sscale.Ithasmorethan400,000objectsofcollection.Theoldestcollectionis9,000yearsold.10/43GlassPyramidTheLouvrePyramidismadebylargeglassesandmetal,anditissurroundedbythreesmalleronesinthecourtyardoftheLouvreMuseum.Ithas673piecesofglassintotal.Thelargepyramidservesasthemainentrancetothemuseum.ItsdesignerisIeohMingPei（贝聿铭）,heisaChineseAmerican.Thepyramidwasconstructedin1984andcompletedin1989.11/43ThreegreatesttreasuresMonaLisaVenusdeMiloWingedVictory

ofSamothrace12/43ThePreservationofOilPaintings

（1）防止阳光直晒。（2）防止放在潮湿阴冷角落里。（3）防止作品挤压、叠放。可做架子将作品存于架子上。（4）作品悬挂要牢稳。顶端稍前倾，这么既能取得良好观赏效果，又能使画背后空气流通。（5）在运输过程中，画面前后都应设有保护层，以免因顶撞损伤画面。（6）给作品上光，保护色层油膜不受空气中有害气体伤害。及时清洗发黄光油。（7）防尘埃、防蝇虫叮蛀。（8）需要从内框上拆下作品，必须彻底干燥。卷起时画面向外，轴心要大些，不能卷得太紧，似卷轴式中国画那样保留最正确。13/43FramePanelbuckling(弯曲);flaking（剥落）;warp（变形）;crack（裂缝）;

canvas14/43VocabularycanvaswoodenframepaintpanelpoplarcottonwoodgessohideglueWords（noun）relatedwithpainting画布木框颜料画板白杨木棉白杨石膏皮胶15/43Vocabularycalciumcarbonatebariumsulfateprimerbattenmahogany

[məˈhɒgəni]infraredphotographyemissiographyoilcolorsWords（noun）relatedwithpainting碳酸钙硫酸钡底漆压条加固桃花心木红外线摄影放射学油彩16/43VocabularypaintlayerglassenclosurebulletproofboxconservatorcuratorinternWords（noun）relatedwithpainting颜料层玻璃罩防弹箱管理员管理员实习生17/43Vocabularybuckleflake(off)warpcrackexpandcontractswellsplitseasonfluctuateWords（verb）relatedwithpreservation翘曲，弯曲剥落变形开裂膨胀缩小膨胀开裂风干浮动18/43VocabularyresilientelasticundeterredvulnerableintriguedWords（adjective）有弹性有弹性未受阻力，没有退缩易受伤害着迷19/43Vocabularyapartfromadhereto(P3)bebracedwith(P10)beattachedto(P10)subjectsth./sb.to(P11)beexposedto(P17)adjustto(P21)reactto(P24)Phrases撇开…来说（表示除…以外还有）遵照，依附，坚持；附着支撑v.从属于，喜爱；喜爱使服从，使遭受；轻易遭受，受…管制遭受，暴露于…；调整，调整对…作出反应[评价，应答]20/43ReadingComprehensionI.Readtheintroductionpartandcatchthekeyinformation.21/43ReadingComprehensionII.Reading&ThinkingReadthroughthepassagein20minutesandfinishexercisesA&Bon14522/43StructuralAnalysisPartI(P1-P2)NewfindingsbyMr.MecklenburgPartII(P3-P19)ExperimentsandstudiesmadebyMr.MecklenburgPartIII(P20-P27)Someresponsesfromthepublictothenewfindings23/43Whoarethosepeople?MarionMecklenburg

马里昂·梅克伦堡

EvanQuasneyMs.LerolleMr.Frank24/43CristinaAcidiniJamesBeckDianneDwyerModestiniMicheleMarincolaWhoarethosepeople?25/43MarionMecklenburg’snewfindings:Somepreservationpracticesinpastcenturies—eventhelastcentury—harmed,ratherthanhelped,greatworksofart.26/43Woodpanelpaintingsaremoreresilientthanexpertsinrecentdecadeshavebelieved.MarionMecklenburg’snewfindings:27/43Atwo-foot-widewoodpanel,forexample,couldbendasmuchasoneandahalfincheswithoutbreaking,crackingandwarping.MarionMecklenburg’snewfindings:28/43Apaintingiselastic,likearubberband,anditcanwithstandarangeofchangesinhumidityandtemperature—thensnapbackwithoutcrackingandbending.MarionMecklenburg’snewfindings:29/43Therecentdamagetothe“MonaLisa”beganwhenthepaintinghungonwhathadbeenpartoftheLouvre’soutsidewallstructure.MarionMecklenburg’snewfindings:30/43JamesBeckDianneDwyerModestiniMicheleMarincolaWhatarepeople’sreactionstoMecklenburg’snewfindings?31/43Languagepoints1.artandsciencedon’toftenintersect,butMarionMecklenburg,aSmithsonianInstitutionengineerwhoisalsoapaintingconservator,istryingtomergethem.Intersect:tomeetatacertainpointThetworoadsintersectatthesuburbofthecity.

两条路在城郊交叉。

32/43mergeThebankmerged

withitsmajorrival.

该银行与其主要对手合并了。艺术和科学并非经常结合，不过史密逊博物院工程师兼油画管理员马里昂·梅克伦伯格正试图将这二者结合起来。

33/43Whatarepeople’sreactionstoMecklenburg’snewfindings?Ms.Lerolle:WehaveneverheardoftheSmithsonian’sdiscoveries.Mr.FrankCristinaAcidini34/432.hebeganhisprojectshortlyaftertheLouverdisclosedinthespringthatthe“MonaLisa”,LeonardodaVinci’searly16th-centurymasterpiece,wasnoticeablywarped,andthatmuseumcuratorswereassessingthedamage.卢浮宫在春天透露，列奥纳多·达·芬奇16世纪早期杰作<蒙娜丽莎》，显著地变形，博物馆管理员正在评定损失。35/43Thereportdisclosedthathehadservedinprison.

汇报披露他曾坐过牢。Theauthoritiesfinallydisclosedthetruthtothepress.

当局终于向新闻界公开了真相。36/433.Addingthem,thecomputeranalysisfound,weakensthepaintingmorethanifitisallowedtobendnaturally,andcouldleadtocracking.计算机分析发觉，增添加固物，对油画损害大于让油画自然弯曲，而且会造成开裂。37/434.