【寒假自学课】六年级英语寒假讲义-第5讲-名词和代词专题 （教案+学案） 译林版（三起）教案

课程主题：名词和代词专题学习目标:熟练掌握名词的分类，可数名词单复数变化，不可数名词表示方式和名词所有格。熟练掌握人称代词、物主代词写法和用法。教学内容【进门测试】建议5min1.找出下列单词中不同类的那一个。()1.A.handB.handbagC.schoolbagD.box()2.A.snowB.rainC.windD.sunny()3.A.managerB.farmerC.workD.nurse()4.A.seasonB.winterC.springD.autumn()5.A.yearB.monthC.dayD.May()6.A.onionB.peasC.cabbageD.healthy()7.A.footB.headC.legD.book()8.A.basketballB.partyC.soccerD.ping-pong二．选择题1．Lookattheducksoverthere.Let'sdraw_____．（）A．they B．them C．it D．us2．______isthetreeand_____aretheflowers．（）A．That，those B．Those，those C．This，that D．Those，that3．we（名词性物主代词）（）A．ours B．our C．us4．Myfather'sfeetarebiggerthan_________．（）A．my B．mine C．me5．﹣﹣Here________are．﹣﹣Thankyou．（）A．your B．you C．my答案：1.1-5ADCAD6-8DDB2.1．B；2．A；3．A；4．B；5．B【进门测试】建议5min【互动精讲】建议70min【知识梳理1】考点一名词的分类

名词是表示人或事物名称的词,它分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词,有单数和复数之分;不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词,没有复数形式。词条用法例词普通名词可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词book,desk,table,bike,plane集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的词family,class,police,team,group不可数名词物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词glass,water,air,paper,wood抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词danger,health,love,success,interest专有名词表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词Alice,Canada,theGreatWall考点二名词的数

1.可数名词的复数形式(1)规则变化构成方式例词一般在词尾加-sbook→bookspen→pens以s,x,sh,ch结尾的加-esbox→boxeswatch→watches以y结尾的词①以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,把y变成i,再加-es②以“元音字母+y”结尾的词直接加-sfamily→familiesfactory→factoriesboy→boyskey→keystoy→toys以f或fe结尾的词,一般把f或fe改为v,再加-es注意:scarf的复数为scarfs或scarves;giraffe的复数为giraffes;roof的复数为roofswife→wivesknife→kniveslife→liveswolf→wolves以o结尾的词①potato,tomato,hero等词后加-es②zoo,radio,photo,piano等词后加-spotato→potatoestomato→tomatoeszoo→zoosradio→radiosphoto→photos(2)不规则变化构成方式例词改变名词内部的元音字母(有的还改变辅音字母)foot→feet脚tooth→teeth牙齿man→men男人mouse→mice鼠词尾加-en或-renox→oxen公牛child→children孩子单复数形式相同fish→fish鱼sheep→sheep羊deer→deer鹿复合名词的复数变化一般将主体名词变为复数passer-by→passers-by过路人无主体名词构成的复合词,在词尾变为复数grow-up→grow-ups成年人某国人变复数单复数相同Chinese→Chinese中国人Japanese→Japanese日本人把词尾的man变为menFrenchman→Frenchmen法国人Englishman→Englishmen英国人词尾加-sAmerican→Americans美国人German→Germans德国人汉语音译词如度量衡、币值等单位的名词无复数形式,一般用斜体10jin10斤100mu100亩5fen5分9jiao9角2.不可数名词量的表达不可数名词计量时,用“基数词/不定冠词+表示数量的名词+of+不可数名词”表示,数词决定表示数量的名词的单/复数形式。aglassofmilk一杯牛奶acupoftea一杯茶apieceofnews一则新闻twobowlsofrice两碗米饭twopairsofglasses两副眼镜threepiecesofadvice三条建议【巩固练习】1.区分下列可数名词和不可数名词。Breadjuicefootballmanwatchinkicebearstorybicyclelemonadeofficecoffeeknifepapernews1.可数名词：__________________________________________2.不可数名词：________________________________________11.将下列名词和相应的量词搭配，并译成中文。3.abottleofA.news_________________4.apairofB.ink_________________5.apieceofC.sweets_________________6.twobarsofD.scissors_________________7.threebowlsofE.soup_____________________8.apacketofF,soap___________________9.aloafofG.bread_________________2.中译英。10.一片面包_______________________11.一瓶墨水________________________13.一盒粉笔______________________12.一些水___________________________14.许多面粉_______________________15.三瓶果汁______________________16.一条肥皂______________________17.五块巧克力________________________18.一碗米饭______________________19.十听果酱答案：manwatchbearstoryfootballbicycleofficeknifebreadinkicejuicelemonadecoffeepapernewsabottleofink一瓶墨水apairofscissors一把剪力apieceofnews一则消息twobarsofsoap两块肥皂threebowlsofsoup三碗汤apacketofsweets一包糖aloafofbread一块/条面包apieceofbreadAbottleofinksomewater/alittlewateraboxofchalkalotof/muchflourthreebottlesofjuiceabarofsoap17.fivebarsofchocolate18.abowlofrice19.tentinsofjam考点三名词所有格

名词所有格的构成方式有以下三种:’s形式的所有格、of短语构成的所有格和双重所有格。1.’s形式的所有格用法示例一般单数名词后加“‘s”mybrother’sbag我弟弟的书包以s结尾的复数名词后加“‘”myparents’hope我父母的希望如果一个事物为两个人共同所有,则只在最后一个名词后加“‘s”;如果不是共同所有,则两个名词后都加“‘s”。BobandBill’sfather鲍勃和比尔的爸爸Jim’sandBill’smothers吉姆的妈妈和比尔的妈妈有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构以及无生命事物的名词也可以加“‘s”或“‘”构成所有格。today’snewspaper今天的报纸fiveminutes’walk五分钟的路程在表示“某人家”“店铺”的名词后,一般省略它所修饰的名词atthedoctor’s在诊所里atthebarber’s在理发店里2.of短语构成的所有格(1)没有生命的名词一般用of短语来表示所有关系。ThisisamapofJapan.这是一幅日本地图。(2)当有生命的名词的定语较长时,也可以用of短语来表示所有关系。Themovieoftheoldkindwomanismoving.这位善良的老妇人的电影很感人。【巧记口诀】名词所有格的用法英语名词所有格,表示某物是“谁的”,巧记构成有方法,多数要把“‘s”加,复数有s作词尾,只加“‘”就OK,名词若为无生命,常把of来运用,时间、地点和距离,“‘s”运用也许可。3.双重所有格表示所属物的名词前有冠词(a,an)、数词(one,two...)、非确定特指的限定词(some,any,afew...)、物主代词(my,your...)或指示限定词(this,that,these,those)时,常用“of+所有格/名词性物主代词”的形式,即双重所有格来表示所有关系。BobisafriendofTom’s.鲍勃是汤姆的一位朋友。Thesearesomepicturesofmine.这些是我的一些照片。【巩固练习】I.翻译下列词组。1.一张公园的图片______________________2.五年级三班的学生们_____________________3.Jack的鞋子________________________4.人民广场________________________5.我爷爷的一些朋友_____________________6.三张中国地图_________________7.我的一本书____________________8.女厕所__________________________9.一个月的时间_____________________10.Lucy和Lily合用的卧室__________________Ⅱ.选择正确的答案，并把编号填入括号内。()11.DongDongisoneoftheChinese________inourschool.A.boyB.boysC.boies()12.-Whosecarisit?—It's___________A.TomandMaryB.Tom'sandMary'sC.TomandMary's()13.Mr.Blackis_______father.Helovesthemverymuch.A.LizandLily'sB.Liz'sC.Liz'sandLily's()14.Peteris__________A.afriendofmineB.amyfriend’sC.afriendofmymother()15.June1stis__________Day.A.ChildrenB.Children'sC.Child's()16.-Whoselunchboxesarethese?-Theyarethe__________A.children'sB.childrens'C.children()17.Iwillgiveyou_________tofinishit.A.twoweekstimeB.twoweektimeC.twoweektime()18.Lookatthemap.It's_________A.amapofAmericanB.amapofAmericaC.anAmericanmap答案：apictureofaparkthestudentsofClassThree,GradeFiveJack'sshoesThePeople'sSquareafewfriendsofmygrandfather'sthreemapsofChinaoneofmybooksWomen’srestroom/toiletamonth'stimeLucyandLily'sbedroomBC.AABAC(two-week作为形容词修饰time，相当于twoweeks'time)18.B考点四名词的语法作用

作定语(1)名词作定语一般用单数形式。Thereisanappletreeinouryard.在我们院子里有一棵苹果树。(2)man,woman用于名词前作定语时,其形式与所修饰的名词一致,即man,woman后用单数名词,men,women后用复数名词。Theyareallmenteachers.他们都是男教师。Awomandoctorissittingintheroom.有个女医生正坐在房间里。(3)个别名词用复数形式作定语。Oursportsmeetingwasputoffbecauseoftheheavyrain.因为大雨我们的运动会被推迟了。【巧记口诀】名词作定语,一般用单数,男人(man),女人(woman)跟着变,个别名词用复数。【课堂检测】1.在下列可数名词前面加a或an，后面写复数形式，不可数名词用“/”表示。1.________umbrella___________2.__________brush__________3.________glue_____________4.___________unit___________5.________sugar_____________6.___________French____________7._________child______________8.___________womanteacher__________9._________cocoon______________10.__________tooth______________11._________half______________12.__________idea______________IⅡ.判断下列表述是否正确，正确的在题后打“√”，错误的在横线上改正。Sheeps__________14.buses____________15.myclassmates'sfather________________16.aonion___________17.someboys_________18.fivegoose______________________19.twowomans_________20.thechildren'stoys_________________21.amapofChina______22.apaper_____________23.threebottleofwater________________24.twobabys_________25,peachs_____________26.potatoes_______________28.someleafs____________________27.foxs_______________30.dogs__________________29.photoes_________________31.theclassroom'swall______________________32.mouses_____________________Ⅲ.用括号内所给名词的适当形式填空。33.Therearetwo______________(bench)overthere.34.Iliketaking________________(photo).35.Icanseea_________________(man)andtwo________________(woman)36.Therearetwobasketsof_______________(apple)standingthere.37.Youoftenmakealotofspelling___________________(mistake)onthefloor.38.Thebabyhasonlytwo__________________(tooth)now.39.The________________(leaf)onthetreeturnyellow.40.IHedoesn'tlikethese_________________(glass).41.Howmany___________________(radio)canyousee?42.Thirty________________(family)liveinthisbuilding.答案：anumbrella-umbrellasabrush-brushes/glue/aunit-units/sugar//French=/achildchildrenawomanteacher=womenteachersacocooncocoonsatooth-teethahalthalvesanideaideassheepssheep14.buses15.myclassmates'sfathermyclassmates'fathers16.aonionanonion17.someboys√18.fivegoosefivegeese19.twowomanstwowomen20.thechildren'stoys√21.amapofChinay22.apaperapieceofpaper/'asheetofpaper23.threebottleofwaterthreebottlesofwater24,twobabystwobabiespeachspeachespotatoesfoxsfoxessomeleafssomeleavesphotoesphotosdogsyTheclassroom'swallymousesmicebenchesPhotosman,womenapplesmistakesteethleavesglassesRadios42.families【知识梳理1】代词是在句中代替名词或相当于名词的词。代词一般分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词和相互代词。考点一人称代词

人称代词即代指对人或物的称呼的词(你、我、他等),分为主格和宾格两种形式。1.人称代词的分类数单数复数格人称主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit【巧记口诀】人称代词构成歌诀人称代词分主宾,共有八对细区分;你、它主宾同一形,其余主宾要记清;I和me;we与us;you和it无变化;she和her,he与him,they的宾格是them。2.人称代词的用法(1)主格用法用法例句作主语Youmustbecarefulwhenyouwanttomakefriendsonline.网上交友要当心。(2)宾格用法用法例句作宾语Mysisterisn’tabletoridethebike.SoI’mgoingtohelpherwithit.我妹妹不会骑自行车,因此我打算帮她。作表语It’sme.是我。考点二物主代词

表示人和物之间的所有关系的代词称为物主代词。1.物主代词的分类物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。人称数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称单数mymine复数ourours第二人称单数youryours复数youryours第三人称单数his,her,itshis,hers,its复数theirtheirs2.物主代词的用法(1)形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特性,在句中用作定语,后面必须接名词。Thisismybike.这是我的自行车。(2)名词性物主代词具有名词的特性,后面不能再跟名词。它相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。—Whosebikeisthis?这是谁的自行车?—It’smine.是我的。(mine=mybike)【巧记口诀】形物代词能力差,自己不能来当家。句子当中作定语,后面要把名词加。名物代词能力强,自己独来又独往。句子当中主表宾,后面名词不能跟。考点三反身代词

反身代词就是代指某人自己,单数以-self结尾,复数以-selves结尾。第一、二人称反身代词由形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成;第三人称反身代词由宾格人称代词+self/selves构成。人称数第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves考点四不定代词

不明确指代某个(些)人、某个(些)事物的代词叫不定代词。1.不定代词分类不定代词作用在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和同位语等分类肯定性both,all,many,much,one,other,each,another,either,afew,alittle,some(someone,somebody,something),any(anyone,anybody,anything),everyone,everybody,everything否定性no,neither,none,nobody,nothing,few,little2.不定代词的特殊用法(1)当形容词或else修饰不定代词时,不定代词总是位于修饰词的前面。Thereisnothingnewinhisspeech.他的讲话中没什么新东西。Didshetellyouanythingelse?她还告诉你别的什么事情了吗?(2)当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词时,其附加疑问句的主语通常用代词they来代替;当句子的主语是指物的复合不定代词时,其附加疑问句的主语通常用代词it来代替。Everyoneishere,aren’tthey?大家都来了,不是吗?Everythingbeginstogrowinspring,doesn’tit?春天万物复苏,不是吗?考点五指示代词

指示代词有单数形式的this与that和复数形式的these与those。指示代词的用法主要有以下几点:1.this和these指时间或空间较近的人或物,也指下文将要提到的事,还可用来介绍别人;that和those指时间或空间较远的人或物,也指刚刚提到过的事。Thisismybookandthatisyours.这是我的书,那本是你的。Dorememberthis:Neverputoffwhatyoucandotodaytilltomorrow.一定要记住这一点:今日事今日毕。Thisismyfriend,Bob.这是我的朋友鲍勃。2.打电话时用this介绍自己,用that询问对方。ThisisSallyspeaking.IsthatLinda?我是萨莉,你是琳达吗?3.that常用于比较结构中,代替前面提到的单数名词或不可数名词;若前面提到的是复数名词,则用those代替。TheweatherinGuangzhouismuchwarmerthanthatinBeijinginwinter.冬天广州的天气比北京的暖和得多。Thepearsonthistreearebiggerthanthoseonthatone.这棵树上的梨比那棵树上的大。考点六疑问代词

1.疑问代词的用法疑问代词用法例句who作主语、表语、宾语(作宾语时在口语中不能放在介词后)Whoistheman?那个男人是谁?whomwho的宾格形式,作宾语Towhomareyoutalking?你在和谁交谈?whosewho的所有格形式,作定语Whosebagisthis?这是谁的包?what/whowhat询问某人的职业—What’syourbrother?你哥哥是干什么的?—Heisaworker.他是一名工人。who询问某人的身份、姓名—Whoistheboyunderthetree?树下那个男孩是谁?—HeisLiMing.他是李明。what/whichwhat指不定数目中的“哪一个,哪一些;什么”,没有一定范围的限定Whatwouldyoulike?你想要什么?which“哪一个”,指在一定范围内特指的人或物Whichonedoyoulikebetter?你更喜欢哪一个?2.疑问代词的主谓一致疑问代词作主语时,动词用单数形式还是复数形式,要根据它们代表的数决定。如果不清楚数的多少,动词多采取单数形式。Whoarethetwogirlsbehindthedoor?门后那两个女孩是谁?Whoisthemaninablackcoat?那名穿黑大衣的男子是谁?考点七相互代词

相互代词只有两个:eachother和oneanother,译为“彼此,相互”。这两个短语常可互换。【课堂检测】建议15min一、用括号中人称代词的适当形式填空

1.Her

sister

is

helping__________(we).

2.

John

and

I

are

in

the

same

school.__________(we)go

to

school

together.

3.

Everyone

likes__________(she),

do

__________(you)?

4.

Danny

gives

the

book

to

__________(you).

5.__________(I)

have

many

friends.

Some

of__________(they)are

good

at

English.

6.

Jim

is

English.

__________(I)

like

playing

with__________(he).

7.I

love

__________(they)very

much.

8.Miss

Li

often

looks

after__________(she).

9.They

are

waiting

for__________(they).

10.Do

you

like

Li

Ming?

No,

__________(I)

don’t

like

__________(he).

11.Thisisn’ttheirknife._________isgreen.12.Theseareyourbooks，Kate.Put__________inthedesk，please.13.Youmustlookafter________things.[来源:学_科_网]14.--WeiFang，isthat________car?--No，it’stheirs.15.Theywantafootball.Give__________thegreenone，please.16.It’sLinTao’sbag.Give________to__________.17.--Isthispencil-boxLiLei’s?--No，___________isverynew.[来源:Zxxk.Com]18.--Thisboxistooheavy.Ican’tcarry_________.--Don’tworry，Let__________help__________.19.________isaboy，_______nameisMike.Mike’sfriendslike______verymuch.20.--Jack,arethese________bags？--No,theyaren’t________.Theyare________（Tony）.答案：1-5us;We;her,you;you;I,them.6-10I,him;them;her;them;I,him.11-15Theirs;them;your;your;them16-20it,him;his;it,me,you;your,mine,Tony’s【要点回顾】建议15min数单数复数格人称主格宾格主格宾格第一人称第二人称第三人称人称数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称单数复数第二人称单数复数第三人称单数复数【温故知新】一、根据图片提示补全单词。二、写出下列单词的复数形式。1.bus_______ 2.box_______ 3.foot_______4.child_______ 5.potato_______6.boy_______7.photo_______ 8.tomato_______9.sheep_______ 10.story_______三、选出与所给单词同类的一项。（）1.bookstore A.museum B.newspaper C.book（）2.car A.card B.road C.train（）3.monkey A.moneyB.sheep C.zoo（）4.shirt A.skirt B.short C.clothes（）5.spring A.season B.winter C.trip（）6.uncle A.father B.family C.people（）7.postman A.aunt B.fisherman C.job（）8.breakfast A.lunch B.apple C.sports（）9.spoon A.fork B.desk C.chicken（）10.mouth A.girl B.monthC.foot四、根据提示给下列单词分类。五、单项选择。（）1.—What______canyousee?—Icanseeadog.A.colour B.animal C.fruit（）2.Look！Thereisa______andtwo______onthetable.A.clock;keys B.keys;clock C.clocks;keys（）3.MrsSmithis______mother.A.Tom’sandBen’s B.TomandBen’sC.TomandBens’（）4.Theyarefrom______.Theyspeak______.A.America;English B.America;AmericanC.American;English（）5.—Wouldyouliketohaveadrink?—Yes,two______,please.A.cupofteaB.cupsofteaC.cupsofteas六、选出下列句子中有错误的一项，并在横线上改正。七、看图补全短文。Wow!Whatabig1._______!Therearesomanyanimalsinit.Look!The2._______aredrinking3._______overthereUnderthe4._______,thereisa5._______.It’ssocute.It’seating6._______.Some7._______areflyinginthe8._______.Thereisa9._______andtwo10._______,too.八、选择正确的答案

1.()______________gotoschool.

A.Lily,KateandIB.I,LilyandKateC.Lily,IandKate

2.()______________goshopping.

A.We,youandtheyB.You,theyandweC.They,weandyou

3.()______________arereadingbooks.

A.She,youandIB