高考英语复习-语法突破篇-3-定语从句市赛课公开课一等奖省名师获奖课件

第三讲定语从句0102定语从句种类1.限制性定语从句

|2.非限制性定语从句关系词使用方法1.关系代词使用方法

|2.关系副词使用方法

3.关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句区分4.“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句5.as引导定语从句及其与which引导非限制性定语从句区分I.单句语法填空II.单句改错III.翻译句子IV.语法填空V.短文改错1.定语从句中主谓一致

|2.非限制性定语从句与并列句区分

|3.定语从句与地点状语从句区分04针对训练03定语从句几个问题1/37定语从句种类2/37在复合句中，修饰名词或代词从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰词叫先行词。引导定语从句词叫关系词。关系词包含关系代词和关系副词。定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句3/371．限制性定语从句它是先行词在意义上不可缺乏定语，假如去掉，主句意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句关系十分亲密，书写时不可用逗号分开。假如关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常能够省略。Doyouknowthegirlwhojustcamein?你认识那个刚才进来女孩吗？Shanghaiisacity(that)I'vealwayswantedtovisit.上海是我一直想参观城市。ThetimewhenIfirstmetMr.White

wasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.我第一次遇见怀特先生是我一生中非常困难时期。4/372．非限制性定语从句它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，假如去掉，主句意思依然清楚完整。这种从句与主句关系不是很亲密，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句普通不用that引导。Theoldwoman,wholivesonherown,

hasacatforcompany.这个老妇人一个人住，养了一只猫陪同她。Beijing,whichisthecapitalcityofChina,isaverybeautifulcity.中国首都北京是一座非常漂亮城市。5/37关系词使用方法6/37关系词三重作用连接主句与从句在从句中作句子成分指代先行词7/371．关系代词使用方法几个常见关系代词基本使用方法01关系代词先行词所作成份是否可省that物/人主语/宾语作宾语时能够省略，前有介词时不可省略which物主语/宾语who人主语/宾语whom人宾语whose物/人定语不能够省略8/371．关系代词使用方法几个常见关系代词基本使用方法01Howdoyoulikethefilmwhich/thatwasshownlastSunday?你认为上周日上映电影怎么样？Heworkedoutthemostdifficultproblemthat

Ihadeverseen.他解答出了我所见过最难题目。Childrenwho

arenotactiveorwhose

dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.不爱活动或饮食富含高脂肪孩子体重会增加很快。Hehasmovedintoahousewhose

windowlooksoutoverthesea.他已经搬进了一个窗子朝向大海房子。9/371．关系代词使用方法关系代词that与which使用方法辨析02Henryisthemost

energeticyoungmanthat

Ihaveevercomeacross.亨利是我见过最有活力年轻人。在限制性定语从句中指代物时，which和that普通可通用。但要注意以下几个情况：只用that而不用which情况✔先行词有形容词最高级修饰时✔先行词有序数词修饰时Thisisthethird

timethat

theyhavemet.这是他们第三次见面。10/371．关系代词使用方法关系代词that与which使用方法辨析02Hetalkedabouttheschoolsandteachersthat

hehadvisited.他谈论了他造访过学校和老师。只用that而不用which情况✔先行词现有些人又有物时✔先行词为all，much，few，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代词时I'dliketotellyousomethingthat

mightmakeyousurprised.我想告诉你一件可能会让你吃惊事情。✔先行词前面有thevery，theonly，thesame，any，few，little，no，all，oneof等词修饰时Thisisthevery

roomthat

Isleptinthatevening.这正是我那天晚上睡觉房间。11/371．关系代词使用方法关系代词that与which使用方法辨析02IborrowedthebookSherlock

Holmesfromthelibrarylastweek，which

myclassmatesrecommendedtome.我上周从图书馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书，这是我同学推荐给我。只用which而不用that情况✔引导非限制订语从句时✔在定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时Iwasputinapositioninwhich

IhadtoacceptIwaslessimportant.我被置之于我不得不接收我不主要境地。12/372．关系副词使用方法关系副词先行词所作成份when＝介词＋which时间时间状语where＝介词＋which地点地点状语why＝for＋which原因原因状语13/372．关系副词使用方法WewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextSundaywhen

theweathermaybebetter.＝WewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextSundayonwhich

theweathermaybebetter.我们把野餐推迟到下周日，那时天气可能会变好。WhenIarrived，hetookmetoseethehousewhere

Iwouldbestaying.＝WhenIarrived，hetookmetoseethehouseinwhich

Iwouldbestaying.当我抵达时，他带我去看了我将要住房子。Thereasonwhy

Idon'ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.＝Thereasonforwhich

Idon'ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.我不信任他原因是他经常撒谎。14/372．关系副词使用方法

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where引导定语从句时，不但仅修饰详细地点，还能够修饰抽象地点，此时先行词常为situation，case，point等抽象名词。Hegotintoasituationwhere

itwashardtodecidewhatwasrightandwrong.他陷入一个难以分辨是非局面。15/373．关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句区分正确区分关系代词和关系副词，关键是要搞清楚它们在定语从句中担当什么成份，而不但仅取决于先行词是什么。假如关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，就用关系代词；假如关系词在定语从句中作状语，就用关系副词。试比较：Thisisthecollege(that/which)Ivisited.ThisisthecollegewhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.I’llneverforgettheday(that/which)wespenttogether.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIgotmarried.16/374．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句关系代词选取先行词是人whom先行词是物which介词选取先行词意义和搭配从句中动词或形容词搭配依据句子意思判断表示“整体和部分关系”惯用of17/374．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句Doyourememberthedayonwhich

youjoinedourclub?还记得你加入我们俱乐部那一天吗？(on与theday搭配)Tradingleathershoesisthebusinesstowhich

theGreensaredevoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于事业。(bedevotedto为固定搭配)Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding，mostofwhom

arefamilymembers.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他婚礼，他们当中绝大部分都是家人。18/374．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句

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whose也能够放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构，个别情况下也能够用“介词＋when/where”。IwishtothankProfessorSmith，withoutwhose

helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.我想要感激史密斯教授，没有他帮助，我永远不会取得这么大成就。Sheclimbeduptothetopofthehill，fromwhere

shecouldhaveagoodviewofthewholetown.她登上山顶，从那里她能够一览全城风光。19/375．as引导定语从句及其与which引导非限制性定语从句区分as引导限制性定语从句01It'sthesame

personas

wewantedtofindyesterday.我们昨天要找是同一个人。Such

girlsas

heknowsaregoodatEnglish.他所认识女孩都擅长英语。Shewillmarryas

wealthyamanas

shecanfind.她将嫁给她能找到任何一个有钱人。其主要结构有：thesame...as...，such...as...，as/so...as...等。主句中出现thesame，as，such，so修饰先行词，需选择as作关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语。20/375．as引导定语从句及其与which引导非限制性定语从句区分as引导限制性定语从句01

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thesame，such，so引导限制性定语从句和结果状语从句区分thesame，such，so能够与as或that搭配。as引导是定语从句，在从句中充当成份；而that引导是结果状语从句，从句结构完整。Itisso

breathtakingaparkthat

everyonewantstovisitit.(结果状语从句)Itisso

breathtakingaparkas

everyonewantstovisit.(定语从句)21/375．as引导定语从句及其与which引导非限制性定语从句区分as与which引导非限制性定语从句区分02as与which引导非限制性定语从句时都能够代指整个主句内容，其主要区分以下：关系词从句位置意义as放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中间皆可正如which只能放在主句之后这一点22/375．as引导定语从句及其与which引导非限制性定语从句区分as与which引导非限制性定语从句区分02Aseveryoneknows，Chinaisabeautifulcountrywithalonghistory.每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史漂亮国家。Thesunheatstheearth，whichisveryimportanttous.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很主要。

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当非限制性定语从句谓语为被动式谓语时，惯用as引导。asbeannounced，asbeexpected，asbeknown，asbereported，asbesaid，asbeshownTheairqualityinthecity，asisshowninthereport，hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.正如汇报所显示那样，在过去两个月里，这个城市空气质量已经有所改进。23/37定语从句几个问题24/371．定语从句中主谓一致定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句谓语人称和数要与先行词一致。01Heisthemanwho/thatwants

toseeyou.Thepicturesthat/whichlook

beautifulweredrawnbyhim.as/which作主语引导非限制性定语从句指全句时，从句谓语用第三人称。02Liquidwaterchangestovapor，whichis

calledevaporation(蒸发)．Asis

usual，Hanscametoschoollatethismorning.25/372．非限制性定语从句与并列句区分区分方法主要看前后句之间是否有and，but等并列连词或分号等存在，若有，则为并列句；假如只有逗号，且逗号后内容是对前面某一名词补充说明，则为非限制性定语从句。Inourclassthereare46students，ofwhom

halfwearglasses.(定语从句)Inourclassthereare46students，andhalfofthem

wearglasses.(并列句)26/373．定语从句与地点状语从句区分where能够引导定语从句，也能够引导地点状语从句，二者区分主要看有没有先行词。Ricegrowswellintheplacewhere

thereisenoughwater.(定语从句)Ricegrowswellwhere

thereisenoughwater.(地点状语从句)27/37Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchoffatandsalt，___________________isnotgoodforthehealth.(·全国卷Ⅰ)2．Sarah，____________________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(·全国卷Ⅱ)3．Myeldestson，____________________worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.(·天津卷)4．Thelittleproblems____________________

wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.(·北京卷)5．In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof____________________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.(·江苏卷)whichwhowhosethat/which/不填whose28/37Ⅰ.单句语法填空6．MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid­1980s,____________________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.(·全国卷Ⅰ)7．Istillrememberthefarm____________________myparentsworkedtenyearsago.8．Iboughtagreatmanybooks，____________________whichIspentallmymoneythatIhadsaved.9．Thereissowarmahouse____________________wewanttolivein.10．Theonlything____________________isslowerthanbeforeisthewaywedrive.whenwhereonasthat29/37Ⅰ.单句语法填空11．Thereisnosimpleanswer，____________________isoftenthecaseinscience.12．Theyhavereachedthepoint____________________theyhavetoseparatewitheachother.13．Rememberthatthereisstillonepoint____________________wemustmakeclearattheconferencetomorrow.14．Thereason____________________whichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.15．Lilytookafewfriendstomybirthdayparty，noneof____________________Iwasfamiliarwith.aswherewhichforwhom30/37Ⅱ.单句改错1．Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.(·全国卷Ⅱ)2．Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.(·全国卷Ⅲ)3．ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom'sfavorite.4．Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o'clockatnight.5．Wewentuptotheroof，fromwhichwehadagoodviewoftheprocession.whichthat/whichthat/which或去掉whatwhichwhere31/37Ⅱ.单句改错6．Thechildren，allofthemhadplayedthewholedaylong，werewornout.7．Myhouse，thatIboughttwoyearsago，hasgotalovelygarden.8．Whichweknow，smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.9．Thisisthemuseumwherewevisitedlastsummer.10．Isthisthereasonwhyheexplainedforhisrudenessatthemeeting？whom或where→which/thatwhichAs或why→which/that32/37Ⅲ.翻译句子1．上周你看见那个人已离开了城镇。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2．桂林是座含有2000年历史城市。(which/that在从句子中作主语)3．住在楼下那个人英语说得很好。(who/that在从句中作主语)4．他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过有趣人和事。(that在从句中作宾语)Themanwhom/thatyousawlastweekhasleftthetown.Guilinisacitywhich/thathasahistoryof2，000years.Themanwho/thatlivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishwell.Hetoldusmanyinterestingthingsandpersonsthatwehadneverheard.33/37Ⅲ.翻译句子5．查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我老师。(who引导非限制性定语从句)6．我去年买那幢房子带着个漂亮花园。(which引导非限制性定语从句)7．正如一句谚语所说，“只工作，不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。”(as引导非限制性定语从句)8．在汉语演讲比赛中取得一等奖，这是我做梦也没有想到。(which引导非限制性定语从句)CharlieSmith，whowasmyformerteacher，retiredlastyear.Myhouse，whichIboughtlastyear，hasgotalovelygarden.Asasayinggoes，“AllworkbutnoplaymakesJackadullboy.”IwonthefirstprizeintheChinesespeechcompetition，whichwasbeyondmywildestdreams.34/37Ⅳ.语法填空LaughterYogaisanewformofexercise1.________promotestheuseoflaughterasaformofphysicalexercise.It2.________(create)inthemid­1990sasasocialexperiment.AlthoughitcamefromIndiaand3.________(definite)includessomeyoga，don'texpectittohavemuchincommonwiththeyogaclasses4.________(offer)atyourlocalstudioorgym.LaughterYogaattachesmoreimportancetotheformerthantothelatter.Themethodbeganin1995whenDr.MadanKatariacalledonagroupofstudentsinapark5.________(test)whetherintroducingregularlaughterintopeople'sliveswouldimprovetheirwell­being.Katariaalsointroduceddeepbreathingandsimplestretchesintotheexercises.that/whichwascreateddefinitelyofferedtotest35/37Ⅳ.语法填空Medicalresearchhassuggested6.________laughingisagoodwaytoreducestre