高三英语一轮复习 第1部分 基础知识解读 Unit 3 Science and nature（B卷）课后分层集训 牛津译林版必修5-牛津版高三必修5英语试题

Unit3Scienceandnature(B卷)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2017·济南高三模拟)Peopleneedtoseekoutnewfoodsbecausetheworldhassomanymouthstofeed.Asof2015，therearemorethansevenbillionpeopleonEarth，accordingtotheUnitedNations.Andby2100thatnumbermaydouble.Feedingallofthesepeoplemeansnotonlyimprovingthewayfoodsaregrown，butalsofindingnewsourcesofnutrition.Andthat_questisbecomingevermoreurgent.Ifnothingchanges，within35years，theworld'sappetitewillbegreaterthantheamountoffoodsproduced.That'saccordingtoareportreleasedlastyear.ItwaspreparedbytheGlobalHarvestInitiative，aprivateagriculturegroupbasedinWashington，D.C.Globalwarming，too，ischangingfoodproduction.Scientistspredictthatrisingtemperatureswillreducethegrowthofimportantcropslikewheats，cornsandsoybeans.Low­incomedevelopingcountrieswillbehitthehardest.Whenharvestsfall，cropsbecomemoreexpensive.Andsincethosefoodsarealsousedtofeedanimalslikecowsandpigs，meatprices，too，willrise.Allovertheworld，researchersareracingagainsttheclocktofigureouthowbesttofeedmorepeopleinafast­changingworld.Andsomesurprisingideashavebeguntocomeup.Twoyearsago，scientistsintroducedthefirstburgermadefrommeatgrowninalab.Theprojectcostmorethan$300，000，butit'sastart.Otherresearchersaredevelopingseedsthatcansurvivehightemperaturesanddrought.Stillothersarefindingwaystoimprovethegenesofmeatanimalssotheyproducemoremeatandcanstandtheheat.Agloomy(悲观的)forecastfortheplanetisn'ttheonlyreasontostudyfoodsforthefuture.It'sacreativequestthatwillinspirepeoplewhocanthinkinnewwaysaboutexistingplantsandanimals—eveninsects.Theseresearchershaveusedtheirtalentsinwaysthateventheyneverwouldhavepredicted.【语篇解读】本文主要讲的是在全球变暖的环境下，人们应如何应对日益膨胀的人口的温饱问题。1．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thatquest”inParagraph2referto?A．Theresearchonfoods.B．Theincreaseofpopulation.C．Thevarietyofnutrition.D．Thechangeofappetite.A[词义猜测题。根据第一段的最后一句及下文的食物研究可知，画线词指对食物的研究。]2．Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectlow­incomedevelopingcountries?a．Increasemeatprices.b．Raisethetemperature.c．Reducethegrowthofcrops.d．Leadtothehighcostoflife.e．Causeahigherpriceforcrops.A．b→a→c→d→e B．c→a→b→d→eC．d→e→c→a→b D．b→c→e→a→dD[细节理解题。根据第三段的整体内容可知，全球变暖首先是导致气温上升，然后是农作物减产，从而农作物价格上涨，进而肉类涨价，最终会导致人们生活成本增加。]3．WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph4?A．Newwaysoffarming.B．Somegreatresearchers.C．Progressinfoodresearch.D．Achievementsinlabexperiments.C[段落大意题。根据第四段的第二句“Andsomesurprisingideashavebeguntocomeup”并结合本段的整体内容可推知，本段主要讲述的是食物研究方面的进步。]4．Whatwillbediscussedinthefollowingparagraph?A．Examplesofsuccessfulfoodresearchers.B．Differentopinionsaboutthefuturefood.C．Methodsofdealingwithglobalwarming.D．Possibilitiesoffeedingthepresentpopulation.A[推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Theseresearchershaveusedtheirtalentsinwaysthateventheyneverwouldhavepredicted”并结合本段的整体内容可推知，下文会举一些成功的食物研究者的例子。]B(2017·合肥高三检测)Bluewhalesarethelargestanimalseverknowntohaveexistedontheplanet，andtheycangrowtoalengthof100feetandweighmorethan330，000pounds.ButrecentlyresearchershavefoundthatthesewhalesareonthemoveandtheyhavemigratedfromCaliforniawaterstoareasoffCanadaandAlaskaforthefirsttimesincecommercialwhalingendedin1965.Theresearchersidentified15bluewhalesthathaveappearedoffthecoastofBritishColumbiaandtheGulfofAlaskasince1997.FourofthesewhaleswererecognizedasonesthatwereoncesightedoffCaliforniashores，suggestingthatthewhalesarereturningtoanoldmigrationpatternbetweenthecoasts.Beforecommercialwhalingbeganintheearly1900s，bluewhaleswerefoundwidelythroughouttheNorthPacificandCaliforniawaters.Butfromthe1920stothe1960s，whalingseverelyreducedthewhalepopulations.BluewhalesneverrecoveredintheNorthPacific，makingsightingsinthisarearare.However，muchlargergroupsofwhaleshavebeenobservedclosetoCaliforniasincethe1970s.ThescientistshadpreviouslythoughtthattheCaliforniapopulationwasseparatefromthepopulationthathadhistoricallylivedintheNorthPacificwaters.ButthecurrentstudyshowsthatwhalesoffthecoastofBritishColumbiaandtheGulfofAlaskaarelikelypartoftheCaliforniapopulation.Toidentifythebluewhales，theresearcherslookedatphotosofcetaceanstakenintheNorthPacificOceanandcomparedthemwithalibraryofbluewhalepicturestakenalongthewestcoastoftheUnitedStatesandSouthernPacific.Uptonow，theresearchersarenotquitesurewhythewhalesarechangingtheirmigrationpatterns，buttheysuspectthatthewhalesmaybefollowingtheirfoodmovingfarthernorthbythechangesinoceanconditions.【语篇解读】本文主要讲的是蓝鲸的迁移以及有可能引起迁移的原因。5．Accordingtothepassage，bluewhalesare________．A．followingafixedrouteofmigrationB．dyingoutduetocommercialwhalingC．movingfromthesouthtothenorthD．rarelyfoundintheSouthernPacificC[推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“thewhalesmaybefollowingtheirfoodmovingfarthernorth”可推出，蓝鲸正从南向北移动。故选C。]6．ThewhalepopulationintheNorthPacific________．A．isdifferentfromtheCaliforniapopulationB．isprobablypartoftheCaliforniapopulationC．hasbecomethelargestgroupsincethe1970sD．haslivedtheresincethe1960sB[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ButthecurrentstudyshowsthatwhalesoffthecoastofBritishColumbiaandtheGulfofAlaskaarelikelypartoftheCaliforniapopulation.”可知，选B。]7．Theunderlinedword“cetaceans”inParagraph5probablymeans________．A．landcreaturesB．whalespeciesC．oceanconditionsD．migrationpatternsB[词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“Toidentifythebluewhales，theresearcherslookedatphotosofcetaceanstakenintheNorthPacificOcean”可知，为了辨认蓝鲸，研究者看在北太平洋拍摄的有关cetaceans的照片，所以cetaceans应该指的是鲸类。故选B。]8．Whatmightmakebluewhalesmigrateaccordingtotheresearchers?A．Commercialwhaling.B．Weatherconditions.C．Lifereproduction.D．Foodresources.D[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“buttheysuspectthatthewhalesmaybefollowingtheirfoodmovingfarthernorth”可知，研究者怀疑蓝鲸有可能跟随着它们的食物向北移动。故选D。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2017·广东揭阳一中高三阶段考试)OnanairplaneasshewasflyingacrosstheUnitedStates，Dr.JaneGoodallnoticedawomansittingnexttoher.Sheaskedthewomanwhyshewassotired，andthewomansaidshewasabsolutely__1__becauseshe'dbeenupattwointhemorningtryingto__2__thewater.Heryoungdaughterwasinanenvironmentalgroupatschoolandherdaughter'spassionhadturnedtomakingsureher__3__waseco­friendly.Theywerestayingatthewoman'sbrother'shousethenightbeforehertrip，andinthemiddleofthenightherdaughterwokeuptothe__4__ofadrippingfaucet(水龙头)．Thedaughteraskedfor__5__turningitoffasthefaucethandlewas__6__.Theonlywayto__7__theleakwastodigtothepipeinthefrontlawntofindthemainvalvetoturnthewateroff，andherdaughterwouldn'tgotosleepuntiltheleakstopped.Soattwointhemorning__8__inthefamilywasoutintheyardhelpingto__9__toturnoffthewater.Youngpeoplehavemuchmore__10__tostartandaccomplishchangesthanwhat__11__maybelieve.Whenchildrenmakeachangeintheirlives，familiesare__12__alongtobecomeenvironmentallyfriendly.Thestoryalsoshowsthat__13__actionscanhaveabigimpact.We__14__tothinkabout__15__eventslikeCleanandGreenWeek.Instead，alotofsmallchangescanmakea(n)__16__.Ifhundredsorthousandsofstudents__17__theirfamiliestoturnoffthetaptosavewater，movetheairconditioningtemperature__18__adegreeortwoinsummer，__19__lessandmakeotherenvironment­mentally­friendlychanges，the__20__familymaychangeitsbehaviors.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了一个小女孩在学校是爱护环境小组的成员，一天在凌晨两点她听到了水龙头滴答的声音，醒来之后一看是水龙头的把手坏了，无法关上水管，于是她就说服家里人起来一起帮她挖通往总阀门的管道，以便切断水源。小女孩的激情已经感染她的家人也变得爱护环境了。通过这件事说明小行动也能有很大的影响，许多小的变化也能起重要的作用。1．A.exhausted B．delightedC．sad D．angryA[根据本句前面的暗示词“tired”和下文的描述可知这个妇女在凌晨两点就起来想法关水龙头，所以她绝对非常疲倦(exhausted精疲力竭的)。所以A项符合语境之意。]2．A.turnon B．turnoffC．takealong D．bringalongB[根据第二段的描述和暗示词“turnthewateroff”可知此处的意思是凌晨两点起来关(turnoff)水管。故选B。]3．A.mother B．familyC．school D．groupB[根据第8空处的暗示词“everyoneinthefamily”可知因她的小女儿在学校是爱护环境小组的成员，她女儿的激情已经感染她的家人(family)也变得爱护环境了。故选B。]4．A.sound B．voiceC．rhyme D．musicA[根据下文的语境可知在半夜她女儿醒了是因为听到了水龙头滴答的声音(sound)。故选A。]5．A.advice B．pleasureC．help D．troubleC[根据下文可知本句的意思该是“女儿请求帮助(help)她把水龙头给关上，因为水龙头的把手坏了。”故选C。]6．A.opened B．thrownC．dropped D．brokenD[根据下文可知本句的意思该是“女儿请求帮助她把水龙头给关上，因为水龙头的把手坏了(broken)。”故选D。]7．A.stop B．preventC．hold D．cutA[根据本句后面的暗示词“theleakstopped”可知本句的意思是“阻止(stop)漏水的唯一方法是朝着前面草坪里的管子挖，来找切断水源的主阀门，而且她女儿直到止住漏水才去睡觉。”故选A。]8．A.someone B．anyoneC．everyone D．nooneC[根据上文可知此句的意思该是“于是在凌晨两点家里的每一个人(everyone)都到外面的院子里帮助挖水管。”故选C。]9．A.fix B．digC．mend D．fitB[根据上文可知此句的意思该是“为了切断水源，于是在凌晨两点家里的每一个人都到外面的院子里帮助挖(dig)水管。”故选B。]10．A.power B．timeC．enthusiasm D．wisdomA[根据下文可知本句的意思应该是“年轻人开始并完成改变的力量(power)比成年人可以相信的要大得多。”故选A。]11．A.officials B．teenagersC．teachers D．adultsD[根据上下文的语境和常识可知年轻人该和成年人相比，所以此句该译成“年轻人开始并完成改变的力量比成年人(adults)可以相信的要大得多。”故选D。]12．A.saved B．praised