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英语高考阅读七选五的命题思路及对策

2010年高考英语热点:新题型七选五阅读理解(辽、琼、宁、

京)

【特点分析】

该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中(均为完整的句子)

选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项,主要考查考生对文章的

整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形

式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题的影响,体现了《新

课标》"用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力;逐步获取用英语

思维的能力。”的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具

有客观题的特点,又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙,只是选项

少,以句子形式出现,考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。

从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述"主要考查考生对

文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”

可以得出以下判断:该题备选项可分为主旨概括句(文章整体

内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和注释性句子(上下文逻辑

意义)三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置,

例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题,过渡性句

子不能反映文章的行文结构,注释性句子与上文脱节等。

【题型分析】

分析篇章结构,把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键,

英语的语篇(discourse)通常是由句子和语段(sentencegroup)

构成的,语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次,句子虽然能够单

独地表达相对完整的思想,但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复

杂的思想,只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段,才能表达

一个相对独立的层意,所谓的“积句而成章,积章而成篇。”就是

这个道理。

分析文章的层次包含两种形式:一种是分析整篇文章的层

次,也就是段落,另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次,也就

是语篇层次。

语篇与段落是有区别的,语段是篇章结构的中间层次,是

由句子到篇的一种过渡形式,段落(paragraph)是在某些语体

(如记叙文、议论文)中比语段更大的意义单位,较小的段落

可以只包括一个语段或一个句子,一般来说,一个段落通常由

几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种,一是靠句际间意义的

结合,二是靠句际间的关联词,逻辑性插入语来连接,在分析

语段层次时,可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断,但最主要

的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系,把握作者的思路,从语

序上去发现断续点,理清层次,好文章的层次非常清晰,只有

层层入手,才能真正理解文章。

例如:(2009年高考英语辽宁卷阅读理解新题型样题)

第二节(共5小题:每小题2分,满分10分)

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最

佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Takinggoodnotesisatime-savingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecome

abatterstudentinseveralways71Second,yournotesareexcellent

materialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.Third,note-taking

offersvarietytoyourstudytimeandhelpsyoutoholdyourinterest.

Youwillwanttotakenotesduringclassroomdiscussionsandwhile

readingatextbookordoingresearchforareport.72Wheneverorhowever

youtakenotes,keepinmindthatnote-takingisaselectiveprocess.73

Thefollowingmethodsmayworkbestforyou.

•Readthetextquicklytofindthemainfactsandideasinit.

•Carefullyreadthetextandwatchforwordsthatcanshowmain

pointsandsupportingfacts.

•Writeyournotesinyourownwords.

•74

•Noteanyquestionsorideasyoumayhaveaboutwhatwassaidor

written.

Asyoutakenotes,youmaywanttouseyourownshorthand(速记).

Whenyoudo,besurethatyouunderstandyoursymbolsandthatyouuse

themallthetime.75

A.Usewords,notcompletesentences.

B.Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.

C.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.

D.Otherwise,youmaynotbeabletoreadyournoteslater.

E.youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.

F.Thatmeansyoumustfirstdecidewhatisimportantenoughto

includeinyournotes.

G.First,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierfor

youtounderstandandrememberit.

答案:GEFAD

分析:这篇文章整体分为四个段落层次,每个段落均由几

个语段构成相对独立地语义单位,各段都围绕“Takinggoodnotes"

这样一个中心话题,形成了文章的线性结构。

第一段讲述的是做笔记是好学生在多方面的一项省时技

巧,第二段讲述的是不管何时、用何种方法做笔记,都要有选

择性的做记录,第三段讲述的是做笔记的最佳方法,第四段讲

述的是要记住自己的速记符号,这就形成了文章的层次结构,

这对下一步的做题有了明确的整体方向。

【解题策略】

1.理清句际间意义的关系

文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成,各个

层次,各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致,但它所表达的内容都

是要围绕中心的,各句之间都有一定的语脉,从逻辑意义上来

看,语段的句际关系可分为平列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、

解释、因果等关系。构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一

种以上的句际关系。因此,理解阅读材料时一定要把握语脉,

理清句际间的关系,进而理解语段或全文的内容。

如上述2009年高考英语辽宁卷阅读理解新题型样题中,第

一段的第一句"Takinggoodnotesisatime-savingskillthatwillhelpyou

tobecomeabatterstudentinseveralways"与下面几句是解释关系,

解释关系是指后面的句子对前面的句子作解释、引申、例证,

使意思更加明了、具体。后三句之间是平列关系,平列关系指

句与句之间处于平等并列的地位,互不相属,而只是组合在一

起共同说明一个问题。平列关系组合的语段,在次序上并不固

定,如果局部改变句子的相互位置并不改变整个语段的意思。

第二段的第一句与第二句是层递关系,层递关系是一种固

定的顺序关系,但又不同与顺序关系,顺序关系指构成语段的

各句子只能按事物发展的过程由先而后地顺序排列,不可随意

改变次序,通常在记叙文或描述固定的操作程序的说明文中用

得普遍,而层递关系组合的语段是按语意的轻重、认识的深浅

作由轻到重、由浅入深的排列。第三句与第四句是解释关系,

第一、二句组合为一个语段,第三、四句组合为另外一个语段,

语段与语段之间是总分关系,总分关系是指前面的句子陈述两

个过两个以上的对象,后面的句子紧接着分别对它们加以说明。

用这种方式组合的语段能够前呼后应,彼此配合,使语脉清楚,

条分缕析,如"Wheneverorhoweveryoutakenotes”一句与前两句前

呼后应,彼此配合,为前句选“E.youwillalsowanttodevelopyour

ownmethodfortakingnotes.”埋伏了一笔,逻辑性很强。

第三段的第一句与下面几句是解释关系,而后列举的方法

是平列关系。

第四段的最后两句是转折关系,转折关系指句与句之间存

在意义的转折,通常表达对比或对照的意思。

2.找出句子之间的连接性的词语

文章的语句间的组合,除了从语句间的意义关系分析外,

还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握,因为连接性词语能表

明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系是

承接关系(如so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,

asaresult等)

平列关系(如first,second,third...;firstly,secondly,thirdly...;first,

next,then...;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace...;foronething,for

anotherthing...;tobeginwith,toconclude等)。比如文章中的选项71,

由Second.Third得知应选表示平列关系的句子G.项。

转折关系(如however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,yet,

inspiteof,atanyrate,inanycase,whoever,whateveronthecontrary,in

contrast,bycontrast,incomparison,bycomparison,conversely,otherwise

等)。比如选项75,与前句构成了转折关系,故应选D项答案。

层递关系(如also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,

moreover,inaddition,what'smore,too,either,neither,not...but...,not

oNy...butalso等)。如72选项,与前句组合为层递关系,故应

选包含also的E.项句子。

解释关系,如73选项应选F.选项,与74选项平等的,是

一组祈示句,而非陈述句,故应选A.项而非B项。

总之,对一个语段或语篇的分析,可以按以下步骤进行:

(1)通读全文,对文章进行快速浏览,寻找主题句,抓住

文章结构及文章的写作内容。

在阅读过程中,要注意文章的开始与结束段落,尤其是文

章的首段及末段末句,因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式

为常见的写作方式,首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在,说

明本文将探讨哪些内容,并简要指出文章的写作思路,有时甚

至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的

主题具有重要意义,如果它是文章的主题句,就可以使读者迅

速明确文章情节将如何展开,并对文章的写作主题有了整体的

了解。如果末句不是主题句,则需要继续寻找。这时,可以考

虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结''式,如两者均可排除,则需

在文章中其他段落寻找主题句,但要注意,首段与末段的提示

作用。

(2)详读段落,在短时间内,找出每段写作内容的关键词。

明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。

文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文

章写作主题展开,对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各

个小段落中的关键词,明确其描述内容,为整体试题的解决做

好铺垫。

(3)定位选项,明确各备选选项的含义,抓住其关键词语,

根据文章整体结构与具体内容,将选项填入文中,填写时尤为

注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。

在定位选项时,要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容,以及

空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处,

看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系,是否符合该

处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接

上都能做到通顺。

一篇文章作为一个整体,是有其写作的线索与思路的,在

选项定位中,要尤其注意文章的写作线索,文章的写作思路的

连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。

如果带入选项后,发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾,应更

换其它选项。

(4)通读复检,将所选答案代入文中,再次通读全文,重

点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。

在完成选项定位后,应通读全文,检查文章内容是否完整,

语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题,语篇结构是否

通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑,写作思路是否清晰明了,

格式以及用语是否恰当贴切,从而判断选择的答案是否正确。

同时,我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析,个别干扰项由于

与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性,这时就需要我

们认真分析,仔细甄别,排除干扰,从而得出正确选项。

要特别注意,除非有充分的理由否定向前的选择,否则不

要仓促更改。只要前两步投入了精力,动了脑筋,第一印象往

往可信度很高。

(5)确定排除,研究多余选项,确定排除理由,最终确定

答案。

【考题预测】

1.内容选择:阅读新题型文章选择要注重两个方面的内

容:一是选材注重选取贴近考生、贴近生活、新颖的、时代感

强的材料,以体现考纲中明确提出的“命题重视'新材料、新情境’

的创设与运用,测试考生的综合语言运用能力”的指导思想。如

2007年短文填空话题是“学生假期组织俱乐部”;2008年短文填

空是贴近考生的“如何作笔记”话题。2009年短文填空是话题;

二是所选文章内容逻辑性强,文章结构严谨,层次分明,便于

学生在阅读的基础上,进行综合理解,并对于一些信息进行概

括或充分表达。

2.文章长度:07年短文填空为270左右;08年短文填空

为270词左右,09年短文填空为270词左右。总之,文章的选

择不能太短(少于250词)或太长(多于350)。另外,文章的

长度还会与整套试题中阅读的总词数有关。

3.文体的选择:文章的选择以说明、议论、夹叙夹议等为

主,单纯以时间或事件为线索的记叙文不宜于考察逻辑思维能

力,出现机率不大。

【练习】

(1)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处

的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

_71_Oneofthebestthingsyoucanpossiblydoistostartyouown

club.It'sgreatfunespeciallyifyouarethesortofpersonwhofeelsthere's

neveranythingtododuringtheschoolholidays.

Thefirstthingyouneedtocomeupwithisanideaforyourclub.

_72_Pets,clothes,popmusicordancinggroups,sports,makingthings?

Thelistisendless.

Nextyouneedsomefriendstobeinyourclubwithyou._73_AIIyou

needisthreeorfourotherpeoplewhoareinterestedinthesamethingas

you.

_74Youshouldallsitdownsomewheretogetherwithlotsofpieces

ofpaperandwritedowneverynameyoucanthinkup.That'llkeepyou

busyforages.

Atyourfirstmeetingyoushouldmakeuparulebook.Andthefirst

ruleshouldbenogrown-upsorlittle/bigbrothersorsisters!Thebestclubs

arealwayssecret!

Nowyouhavejustabouteverythingyouneed,exceptmembership

cards.Theseareveryimportantandagainyoucanspeedalotoftime

makingthem.75Whynotleavesomespaceforaphotoofyourself?That

willmakethemembershipcardreallylooklikeit.

Sothereyouare,getclubbing!Onceyougetstartedyou'llthinkof

loadsofmoreinterestingthingstodo!

A.That'seasy.

B.Enjoyyourownclub!

C.Inviteadesignertojoinyou.

D.Whatareyouinterestin?

E.Somevacationisjustaroundthecorner.

F.Thenyouneedtopickanameforyourclub.

G.Useabrightthickpentomakeaspecialdesign.

(2)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处

的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多途选项。

Areyoutrulyhappy?Doyoueverknowwhatitmeanstobehappy

andwhatittakestoachievehappiness?_71.Thefollowingareafew

tipsthatIfollowtocreatehappinessinmylife.

MakeaphnforattahiiggoalsIhatyoubetvewUlmakeyou

happy.Yourmoodswillverylikelyincreaseifyouaregoingafter

somethingyouvalue.

^Surroundyouiselfw血happypeople.Itiseasybegiito1hhk

negativelywhenyouaresurroundedbypeoplewhothinkthatway.

—72—,

※川hensomeihhggoeswrong,liytooutasolutioninstead

ofbeingabsorbedinselfpity.Trulyhappypeopledon'tallowsetbacksto

affecttheirmoodbecausetheyknowthatwithalittlethoughttheycanturn

thecircumstancesbacktotheirfavor.

X73.ThesefewmhuteswUgyeyou1heopportunitytofocus

onthepositivethingsinyourlifeandwillleadyoutocontinuous

happiness.

74.Whetheryoutreatyourselftolunch,takealong,relaxing

bathorsimplyspendafewextraminutesonyourappearance,youwillbe

subconsciously(下意识地)puttingyourselfinabettermood.

^Fhdiigihehumorhsiuatbnscanalsobadtohappiness.Fhda

waytomakelightofasituationthatwouldotherwisemakeyouhappy.

^Keepinghealhyisanolherwaytoachevehapphess.75.

A.Whatmakesonepersonhappymaybeverydifferentfromwhat

makessomeoneelsehappy.

B.Onthecontrary,ifyouarearoundpeoplewhoarehappy,their

emotionalstatewillbeinfectious.

C.Beingoverweightornoteatingnutritiousfoodscanhavea

negativeeffectonyourmooD.

D.Theseareimportantquestionsforanyonewhoisseeking

happinesstoaskthemselves.

E.Spendafewminuteseachdaythinkingaboutthethingsthat

makeyouhappy.

F.Therearesometipsinlifethatleadtohappiness.

G.It'salsoimportanttotakesometimeeachdaytodosomething

niceforyourself.

(3)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处

的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

_71.Beingangrydoesn'treallysolvemuch,butwhatpeopledo

whentheyfeelangryisimportant.Thegoalistocalmdownandtryto

solvewhatisbotheringyou.Thisishardforsomekidsandadults,too.

Insteadofcalmingdown,somekidsmightkeepgettingmoreandmore

upsetuntiltheyexplodelikeavolcano!

_72.Theirangermightbesostrongthattheylosecontrolof

theirtemper.Theymayactinwaysunacceptableandhurtful.Peoplemay

saythatsomeonehastroublecontrollingtheirtemper._73

Somekidsmightgetsoangrythattheyscreamattheirparents,

breaksomething,orevenworse,hittheirbrothersor

sisters._74.However,it'snotOKforakidtodoanyofthose

things.Kidsdon'twanttoactinthisway,butsometimesangry

feelingscanbehardtomanage.Sowhattodo?

Well,thegoodnewsisthatkidsdon'tjusthavetokeepmakingthe

samemistakesoverandoveragain._75.Imagineyourtemperasa

puppyinsideyouthatneedssometraining.Thepuppyisnotbad--itwill

probablyturnoutagreatdog.Itjustneedstolearnsomerulesbecause,

rightnow,thatpuppyiscausingsomeproblemstoyou.

A.Youcantrainyoutemper.

B.Youdon'twanttocausetrouble.

C.Kidsshouldbeallowedtoexpresstheirfeelings,evenangry

ones.

D.Everybodygetsangrysometimes.

E.Infact,theyusuallymeanthatakidbehavesbadlywhenfeeling

angry.

F.Insteadofthinkingofthepersonyou,reangrywith,thinkof

somethingelse.

G.Somekidsgetangrymoreoftenormoreeasilythansomeother

kids.

(4)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处

的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。

Choosingtherightjobisprobablyoneofthemostimportant

decisionswehavetomakeinlife,anditisfrequentlyoneofthehardest

decisionswehavetomake.Oneimportantquestionthatyoumightask

yourselfis:"HowdoIgetagoodjob?"71.

Therearepeoplewhocanansweraninsignificantadvertisementin

thelocalpaperandlandthebestjobintheworld;otherswritetoallsorts

ofplacesalloverthecountry,andneverseemtogetareplyatall.Still

othersbelievethattheinperson,door-to-doorapproachisbyfarthebest

waytogetajob;andthentherearethosewho,throughnoactivedecision

oftheirown,justseemtobeintherightplaceattherighttime.72.

Heusedtospendalotofhisfreetimedownbytheseawatchingthetall

ships,butneverthinkingthathemightonedaysailoneofthem.Hisfather

wasafarmer,andbeingasailorcouldneverbeanythingfortheboybut

anidledream.Oneday,onhisusualwandering,heheardthecaptainof

theshipcomplainingthathecouldnotsailbecauseonememberofhis

crewwassick.Withoutstoppingtothink,thelad(少年)offeredtotakehis

place.73.

_74_.Iftheladhadgonehometoponder(考虑)hisdecisionfor

aweek,hemayhavemissedhischance.Itisonethingtobeofferedan

opportunity;itisanotherthingtotakeitanduseitwell.

Sometimeswehearstoriesaboutpeoplewhobreakalltherulesand

stillseemtolandplumjobs(美差).Whenyougoforajobintervieworfill

outanapplication,youareexpectedtosaynicethingsaboutthecompany

towhichyouareapplying.75.Andwithinayearthispersonhad

becomegeneralmangerofthecompany.

A.Thisstoryalsoillustratestheimportanceofseizinganopportunity

whenitpresentsitself.

B.Peoplefindjobsinaninfinitenumberofways.

C.it'salmostimpossibletofindagoodjobbyanswering

advertisementinnewspapers

D.Takeforexampletheyoungmanwhowantedtobeasailor.

E•Buttherewasonepersonwholandedanexcellentjobbytelling

theinterviewerallthecompany'sfaults.

F.Hespenttherestofhislifehappilysailingtheshipshehad

alwaysloved.

G.Itisveryimportanttoseizeanopportunitywhenitpresentsitself.

(5)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处

的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

_71_Oneofthebestthingsyoucanpossiblydoistostartyouown

club.It'sgreatfunespeciallyifyouarethesortofpersonwhofeelsthere's

neveranythingtododuringtheschoolholidays.

Thefirstthingyouneedtocomeupwithisanideaforyourclub.

_72_Pets,clothes,popmusicordancinggroups,sports,makingthings?

Thelistisendless.

Nextyouneedsomefriendstobeinyourclubwithyou._73_AIIyou

needisthreeorfourotherpeoplewhoareinterestedinthesamethingas

you.

_74_Youshouldallsitdownsomewheretogetherwithlotsof

piecesofpaperandwritedowneverynameyoucanthinkup.That'llkeep

youbusyforages.

Atyourfirstmeetingyoushouldmakeuparulebook.Andthefirst

ruleshouldbenogrown-upsorlittle/bigbrothersorsisters!Thebestclubs

arealwayssecret!

Nowyouhavejustabouteverythingyouneed,exceptmembership

cards.Theseareveryimportantandagainyoucanspeedalotoftime

makingthem.75Whynotleavesomespaceforaphotoofyourself?That

willmakethemembershipcardreallylooklikeit.

Sothereyouare,getclubbing!Onceyougetstartedyou'llthinkof

loadsofmoreinterestingthingstodo!

A.That'seasy.

B.Enjoyyourownclub!

C.Inviteadesignertojoinyou.

D.Whatareyouinterestin?

E.Somevacationisjustaroundthecorner.

F.Thenyouneedtopickanameforyourclub.

G.Useabrightthickpentomakeaspecialdesign.

(6)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处

的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Beforegoingoutsideinthemorning,manyofuscheckawindow

thermometer(温度计)forthetemperature.Thishelpsusdecidewhatto

wear.71.Wewantourfoodtobeacertaincoldnessin

therefrigerator.Wewantitacertainhotnessintheoven.Ifwedon'tfeel

well,weuseathermometertoseeifwehaveafever.Wekeepourrooms

acertainwarmthinthewinterandacertaincoolnessinthesummer.

Notallthethermometersusethesamesystemtomeasure

temperature.WeuseasystemcalledtheFahrenheitscale.Butmostother

countriesusetheCentigradescale.

Bothsystemsusethefreezingandboilingpointsofwaterastheir

guide.72.

Themostcommonkindofthermometerismadewithmercury(水

金艮)insideaclearglasstube.Asmercury(oranyotherliquid)becomes

hot,itexpands.Asitgetscolder,itcontracts(收缩).Thatiswhyonhot

daysthemercurylineishighintheglasstube.73.

First.Takeaclearglassjuicebottlethathasacap;fillthebottlewith

colouredwater.Tapaholeinthecenterofthecapusingahammerand

thicknail.Putthecaponthejar.Thenstickaplasticstraw(吸管)through

thenailhole.

74

Finally.Placeawhitecardontheoutsideofthebottleandbehind

thestraw.Nowyoucanseethewaterlevereasily.

75.

Asthetemperaturegoesdown,thewaterwillcontract,andthelever

inthestrawwillcomedown.Perhapsyouwillwanttokeeparecordofthe

waterleverinthestraweachmorningforaweek.

A.Weuseanddependonthermometerstomeasurethe

temperatureofmanyotherthingsinourdailylives.

B.Thermometersmeasuretemperature,byusingmaterialsthat

changeinthesamewaywhentheyareheatedorcooled.

C.Nowthatyouknowthisruleyoucanmakeathermometerofyour

ownthatwillwork.

D.Thewaterwillriseinthestraw.Asthetemperatureoftheairgoes

up,thewaterwillexpandandriseevenhigher.

E.Theylabeltheseindifferentways.OntheFahrenheitscalewater

freezesat32degreesandboilsat212degrees.OntheCelsiusscale

waterfreezesat0degreesandboilsatWOdegrees.

F.Takewax(youmayuseanoldcandleifyouhaveone)andmelt

someofitrightwherethestrawisstruckintothecaptoseal(把..粘住)

themtogether.

G.Peopleusethermometerswhicharemadebythemselveswhen

travellingaroundtheworld.

(7)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处

的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Choosingtherightjobisprobablyoneofthemostimportant

decisionswehavetomakeinlife,anditisfrequentlyoneofthehardest

decisionswehavetomake.Oneimportantquestionthatyoumightask

yourselfis:"HowdoIgetagoodjob?1171

Therearepeoplewhocanansweraninsignificantadvertisementin

thelocalpaperandlandthebestjobintheworld;otherswritetoallsorts

ofplacesalloverthecountry,andneverseemtogetareplyatall.Still

othersbelievethattheinperson,door-to-doorapproachisbyfarthebest

waytogetajob;andthentherearethosewho,throughnoactivedecision

oftheirown,justseemtobeintherightplaceattherighttime.

72.Heusedtospendalotofhisfreetimedownbythesea

watchingthetallships,butneverthinkingthathemightonedaysailoneof

them.Hisfatherwasafarmer,andbeingasailorcouldneverbeanything

fortheboybutanidledream.Oneday,onhisusualwandering,heheard

thecaptainoftheshipcomplainingthathecouldnotsailbecauseone

memberofhiscrewwassick.Withoutstoppingtothink,thelad(少年)

offeredtotakehisplace.73

74.7theladhadgonehometoponder(考虑)hisdecisionfor

aweek,hemayhavemissedhischance.Itisonethingtobeofferedan

opportunity;itisanotherthingtotakeitanduseitwell.

Sometimeswehearstoriesaboutpeoplewhobreakalltherulesand

stillseemtolandplumjobs(美差).Whenyougoforajobintervieworfill

outanapplication,youareexpectedtosaynicethingsaboutthecompany

towhichyouareapplying.75.Andwithinayearthispersonhad

becomegeneralmangerofthecompany.

A.Thisstoryalsoillustratestheimportanceofseizinganopportunity

whenitpresentsitself.

B.Peoplefindjobsinaninfinitenumberofways.

C.it'salmostimpossibletofindagoodjobbyanswering

advertisementinnewspapers

D.Takeforexampletheyoungmanwhowantedtobeasailor.

E.Buttherewasonepersonwholandedanexcellentjobbytelling

theinterviewerallthecompany'sfaults.

F.Hespenttherestofhislifehappilysailingtheshipshehadalways

loved.

G.Itisveryimportanttoseizeanopportunitywhenitpresentsitself.

(8)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处

的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Whatisyourfavouritecolour?Doyoulikeyellow,orange,red?

71.Doyouprefergreysandblues?Thenyouareprobablyquiet,

shy,andyouwouldratherfollowthanlead.Youtendtobepessimist.At

least,thisiswhatpsychologiststellus,andtheyshouldknow,because

theyhavebeenseriouslystudyingthemeaningofcolourpreference,as

wellastheeffectthatcolourshaveonhumanbeings.72.Ifyou

happentolovebrown,youdidso,assoonasyouopenedyoureyes,orat

leastassoonasyoucouldseeclearly.

73.Ayellowroommakesmostpeoplefeelmorecheerfuland

morerelaxedthanadarkgreenone;andareddressbringswarmthand

cheertothesaddestwinterday.74.Ablackbridgeoverthe

ThamesRiver,nearLondon,usedtobethesceneofmoresuicides(自杀)

thananyotherbridgeinthearea—untilitwasrepaintedgreen.The

numberofsuicideattemptsimmediatelyfellsharply.Perhapsitwould

havefallenevenmoreifthebridgehadbeendoneinpinkorbabyblue.

75.Itisanestablishedfactthatfactoryworkersworkbetter,

harder,andhavefeweraccidentswhentheirmachinesarepaintedorange

ratherthanblackorgrey.

A.Ontheotherhand,blackisdepressing.

B.Theytellus,amongotherfacts,thatwedonotchooseour

favouritecolourasgrowup—wearebornwithourpreference.

C.Theroomsarepaintedindifferentcoloursasyoulike.

D.Ifyoudo,youmustbeanoptimist,aleader,anactivepersonwho

enjoyslife,peopleandexcitement.

E.Lightandbrightcoloursmakepeoplenotonlyhappierbutmore

active.

F.Lifeislikeapictureorapoem,fullofdifferentcolours.

G.Coloursdoinfluenceourmoods—thereisnodoubtaboutit

参考答案

(1)EDAFG(2)DBEGC(3)DGECA(4)BDFAE

(5)EDAFG

(6)

71.A从前面上下文意义可知温度计在我们日常生活中的

功能,便可知道选择A正确。

72.E从上文可知“温度计分华氏标准和摄氏标准两种方

式计量温度,”选项E进一步介绍了这两种温度计量方式的具体

标准。故正确答案是E。

73.C本段前一部分介绍了温度计的构造原理,下文根据

此原理制造一个能够计量温度工作的温度计。所以选项C符合

文意。

74.F根据上下文的逻辑意义,选项F是正确答案。

75.D从下文可知应选与之对应的选项D。

(7)

71.B根据上下文,选项B符合逻辑意义。

72.D从此空的前后文可以很容易地看出,空后是对空前

观点的例解。故选D。

73.F根据故事叙述,选项F是对所举事例的总结语。

74.A此空后面是对所举故事的进一步分析,选项A是此

段的论点。

75.E从此短的论点"Sometimeswehearstoriesaboutpeople

whobreakalltherulesandstillseemtolandplumjobs''便能看出,只有

选与此空前面的观点相反的选项E,才能和后面的结果相符合。

(8)

71.D根据下文问答形式可以看出,选项D为正确答案。

72.B根据上文意义,选项填到此空处可以与上文形成排

比句式。

73.G从空后的"Ayellowroommakesmostpeoplefeelmore

cheerfulandmorerelaxedthanadarkgreenone;andareddressbrings

warmthandcheertothesaddestwinterday."这句话中可以找出正确

答案为选项G。

74.A从与上文的关系空后的"AblackbridgeovertheThames

River,nearLondon,usedtobethesceneofmoresuicides(自杀)than

anyotherbridgeinthearea—untilitwasrepaintedgreen."这句话中可

以找到正确答案选项Go

75.E从下文意义可以很容易地推断出E为最佳选项。

OnVolunteering

1.越来越多的人从事志愿工作

2.志愿工作对需要帮助的人和社会都有利,对志愿者本身也有

好处

3.我认为……

ThevolunteeringspirithasspreadamongtheChinesepeopleinrecent

years,especiallyamongyoungpeople.

Volunteeringisoftremendousbenefitstoboththoseinneedandsociety.

TaketheWenchuanEarthquakeasanexample.Hundredsofthousands

ofvolunteersplayanactiveroleinWenchuanquake-hitareas.Andthey

contributedailynecessaries,offermedicalhelpandpsychologicalhelpto

thedisasterreliefwork.

Besides,volunteeringwouldbebeneficialtothevolunteersthemselves-

Gettinginvolvedinvolunteering,volunteerswillbeexposedtoanew

environment,andtheycanlearnhowtoworkwellinateam,howto

improvetheirinterpersonalskillsandorganizationalskills,allofwhichare

criticalfortheirprofessionalgrowth.

Asacollegestudent,Isincerelyhopethateveryonewouldjointhe

volunteeringwork.Itisnotonlygoodtooursociety,butalsoachancefor

ustogrowandtolearn.

假设你是健康俱乐部的一位志愿者,根据以下要点,写一篇

短文,帮助广大市民更好地了解和预防H1N1流感:

⑴该流感已在许多国家爆发,病例每天持续增多;

(2)该流感与其他季节性流感传播方式一样,通过咳嗽、喷嚏

等在人群中传播;

⑶建议:不随便当众咳嗽、打喷嚏,经常洗手,生病时在家

休息……

Asweknow,agrowingoutbreakofH1N1fluhasbeensparkedinmany

countries.Anincreasingnumberofcasesarebeingreportedeveryday。

It'sthoughtthatH1N1fluspreadsinthesamewaythatregular

seasonalinfluenzavirusesdo,thatis,spreadingfromperson-to-person,

mainlythroughthecoughsandsneezesofpeoplewhoaresickwiththe

viruso

Facedwiththisseveredisease,herearesomeeverydaymeasureswe

shouldtaketostayhealthy.First,coveryournoseandmouthwithatissue

whenyoucoughorsneeze.Washyourhandsoftenwithsoapandwater,

especiallyafteryoucoughorsneeze.Avoidtouchingyoureyes,noseor

mouth.Germsspreadthatway.Ifyougetsick,stayhomefromworkor

schoolandlimitcontactwithotherstokeepfrominfectingthem。

Finally,H1N1fluisnotaterriblydeadlydisease,whichiscurable.So,

don'tbenervousandjustkeepcalmasusualo

你所在的城市即将举办国际贸易博览会。有关部门现向全社

会招聘志愿者。要求:

⑴具有为国际友人服务的热情;

(2)掌握丰富的文化知识,既是服务人员,也是文化的使者;

⑶具有流利的英语表达能力,能做好沟通工作。

假如你叫李华,请根据以上要求,写一封想作博览会志愿者

的申请信。

要求:字迹工整,100词左右。开头已写好,不计入总词数。

生词:国际贸易博览会theInternationalTradeExposition

DearSirorMadam:

Thankyoufortakingyourtimetoreadmyletter.Asthecomingofthe

InternationalTradeExposition,I'dlikeverymuchtobeavolunteer。

Allourcitizensarehostsforthisspecialevent.Aboveall,IpromiseI

shouldendeavortoservewithenthusiasmourdistinguishedguestsfrom

allovertheworld.Besides,IhavearichknowledgeaboutChinesehistory,

soIwillbenotonlyaservantbutalsoacarrierforoursplendidculture.

What'smore,asweallknow,Englishasaninternationallanguage,will

playanimportantroleincommunicationduringtheExposition,andIam

goodatit.IcanexpressmyselffluentlyandclearlyinEnglisho

Tosumup,IbelieveIcanbeaqualifiedvolunteer.Iwillvalueitanddo

allIcan

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