初中语法句型转换

每年的中考试卷中，“句型转换”题所占分值较大，是为了全面考查学生在初中阶段所学的词汇（同义或反义）、短语、句型和语法等方面的知识及其它的之间的灵活运用能力。Ⅰ.题型介绍所谓“句型转换”就是先给一个完整的句子A，再根据括号内的要求（有时没有明确，须自己观察），在第二个句子B的空白处填上适当的词来完成的句型转换。Ⅱ.题型分类从形式上看，有如下几种形式：①某一词或词组的转换；②词组与句子的转换；③同义句型的转换；④为纠正常犯语言错误而设计的题目。从内容上看，此题型涉及的面较广，主要有：①句子功能方面的转换。包括陈述句（肯定与否定）、四种题疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的转换；②句子结构方面的转换。即简单句、复合句、并列句之间的转换；③语态的转换。即主动语态与被动语态之间的转换；④常用句型与词汇手段的转换。Ⅲ.具体分类如下一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句，大部分是用not来改变谓语结构，但也有借用否定意义的词，如nothing,nobody,none,neither,little,few,never,hardly等，例如：：A：Tomdoeswellinmaths.B：Tomdoesn'tdoinmaths.A：Hehasmuchtodo.B：Hehasnothingtodo.A：Allofmyclassmateslikeart.B：Noneofmyclassmateslikesart.2、改为疑问句。根据上下句的结构和词的减少，来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。例如：A：Mybrotheroftenhasbreakfastatschool.B：Doesyourbrotheroftenhavebreakfastatschool?A：Tom'salreadyweakinEnglish.B：Tom'salreadyweakinEnglish,isn'the?A：Theredlightchangeseverytwominutes.B：Howoftendoestheredlightchange?3、改为感叹句。根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性，来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式，例如：A：Thisisaninterestingbook.B：Whataninterestingbookthisis!或Howinterestingthisbookis!二、同义句转换。根据上句，写出一个意思相同（或相近）的下句，此类形式繁多，内容复杂，涉及面广，归类如下：1、同义词或词组之间的转换。（通常上下句时态保持一致）。常见的同义词或词组有：(1)四个“花费”（spend-take-cost-take）；(2)三个“到达”（getto-reach-arrivein/at）；(3)四个“收到…来信”（hearfrom-getaletterfrom-receivealetterfrom-havealetterfrom）；(4)两个“擅长于…”（begoodat-dowellin）；(5)两个“有空”（befree-havetime）；(6)三个“入睡”（gotosleep-gettosleep-fallasleep）；(7)两个“玩得开心”（enjoyoneself-haveagoodtime）；(8)“给…打电话”（callsb-telephonesb-ringsb.acall-makeatelephonetosb.）(9)“飞往…”（flyto…-goto…byair/plane）(10)“自学”（teachoneself-learn…byoneself）(11)在…方面帮助help…with…-help…(to)do…(12)在…差beweakin…-dobadlyin…(13)能/会…can-beableto(14)更喜欢…like…betterthan…-prefer…to…(15)充满了…befullof…-befilledwith…(16)放弃干…giveupdoing…-stopdoing…(17)不再…nolonger-not…anylonger(18)照顾/保管takecareof…-lookafter(19)展览onshow-ondisplay(20)阻止…干…stop…fromdoing-keep/prevent…fromdoing…(21)由于thanksto-becauseof…(22)举手handsup-putupone'shands(23)最后，终于atlast-intheend(24)与…不同bedifferentfrom…-benotthesameas…(25)从…借入…borrow…from…-lend…to…(26)乘公汽/火车/的士goto…bybus/train/taxi-takeabus/train/taxito…(27)乘自行车去…goto…bybike-rideabiketo…(28)为…感到自豪beproudof…-betheprideof…(29)步行去…walkto…-goto…onfoot(30)独自地byoneself-alone等。例如：A：Thechildrenhadagoodtimeinthepark.B：Thechildrenenjoyedthemselvesinthepark.2、同义句型之间的转化。常见的同义句型有①Itseemsthat从句→Somebodyseems（tobe）+adj/n②It'skindofsb.todo…→Somebodyiskindtodo…③Whatdoes…mean?→Whatdoyoumeanby…?或What'sthemeaningof…?④Thereissomethingwrongwith…→Somethingiswrongwith…⑤not…until…与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换⑥What'swrongwith…?→What'sthematterwith…?⑦Howis…?→What's…like…?⑧Howdoyoulike…?→Whatdoyouthinkof?⑧It'stimethat…→It'stimeforsb.todo…⑨It'ssaidthat…→Peoplesaythat…⑩CanIhelpyou?→WhatcanIdoforyou?例如：A：IwenttobedafterIfinishedmyhomework.B：Ididn'tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.3、if引导的条件状语从句的转化。例如：A：Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,they'llgotothepark.B：Unlessitrainstomorrow,they'llgotothepark.A：Ifyoudon'thurry,you'llbelate.B：Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.A：Fishcan'tliveifthereisnowater.B：Fishcan'tlivewithoutwater.4、现在完成时态中的一句多译。在现在完成时态中，结束性动词不能与时间段连用，必须改成相应的延续性动词。常见的动词转换有：buy-have,borrow-keep,die-bedead,open-beopen,join-bein+组织/bea+成员,begin-beon,leave-beawayfrom,close-beclosed,arrivein/getto/come/goto-bein/at,finsh-beover,gotosleep-beasleep，getup-beup.例如：Theoldmandiedfivemonthsago.Theoldmanhasbeendeadsincefivemonthsago.Theoldmanhasbeendeadforfivemonths.It'sfivemonthssincetheoldmandied.Fivemonthshaspassedsincetheoldmandied.5、简单句与复合句之间的转换。①含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换。例如：A：Isawtheywereplayingfootballontheplayground.B：Isawthemplayingfootballontheplayground.A：Theteacherfoundthatshewasveryclever.B：Theteacherfoundherveryclever.A：HefoundthatitwashardtolearnEnglishwell.B：HefoundithardtolearnEnglishwell.A：Wearesurethatwewillwintofirstmatch.B：Wearesuretowintofirstmatch.由疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为“疑问句+不定式”结构。例如：A：CouldyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?B：Couldyoutellmehowtogettotherailwaystation?A：Wedon'tknowwhatweshoulddonext.B：Wedon'tknowwhattodonext.②由when/after/before/while/since/until引导的时间状语从句可转化为when/after/before/while/sine/until+doing…例如：A：Theywenthomeaftertheyfinishedtheirwork.B：Thewenthomeafterfinishingtheirwork.A：MrSmithhastaughtEnglishsincehecametoChina.B：MrSmithhastaughtEnglishsincecomingtoChina.Whensb.+be+数词+yearsold→attheageof+岁数A：Whenhewastwelveyearsold,Edisonstartedwritinghisownnewspaper.B：Attheageoftwelve,Edisonstartedwritinghisownnewspaper.③由so…that…引导的结果状语从句可转化为too…todo或…enoughtodo……例如：A：TheboxissoheavythatIcan'tcarryit.B：Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.或：Theboxisn'tlightenoughformetocarry.A：Thechildissooldthathecangotoschool.B：Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschool.④由sothat引导的目的状语从句可转化为inordertodo例如：A：Myfathergotupearlythismorningsothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.B：Myfathergotupearlythismorninginordertocatchtheearlybus.⑤由because引导的原因状语从句可转化为becauseof…例如：A：Wedidn'tgototheparkbecauseitrained.B：Wedidn'tgototheparkbecauseoftherain.⑥定语从句可以转化为介词短语或分词短语。例如：A：ThemanwhoisonthebikeisJim.B：ThemanonthebikeisJim.A：Themanwhoisdrivingtheredcarismyboss.B：Themandrivingtheredcarismyboss.A：ThegirlwhoiscalledMaryismysister.B：ThegirlcalledMaryismysister.6、用并列连词neither…nor；either…or…；both…and…；notonly…butalso…连句。例如：A：Ihaven'tseenaTVplayforlong,andLilyhasn'teither.B：NeitherInorLilyhasseenaTVplayforlong.A：Tomisgoodatmaths,andheisgoodatFrench,too.B：TomisgoodatbothmathsandFrench.neither…nor…,either…or…和notonly…butalso…连接两个主语时，谓语动词依靠近它的主语而定，即“就近原则”，但是both…and用来连接两个主语时，谓语复数。7、主动语与被动语态的互变。“主动”变“被动”实行“三变二不变”原则。“三变”即是主语，谓语和宾语的变化，“二不变”即时态不变，句式不变。例如：A：Theymakewatchesinthetown.B：Watchesaremadebytheminthetown.A：Icanfinishtheworkbeforeeight.B：Theworkcanbefinished（byme）beforeeight.A：DotheygrowriceinSouthChina?B：IsricegrowninSouthChina?注：使役性动词make或感观性动词see/watch/lookat/hear/listento/feel在主动语态中所带省to的不定式宾补变为被动语态时，必须加上to.A：Isawhimtakeyourumbrella.B：Hewasseentotakeyourumbrella.8、形容词、副词二级之间的转化，例如A：Chineseisthemostimportantsubjectofall.B：Chineseismoreimportantthananyothersubject.A：Thisexerciseiseasierthantheothertwo.B：Thisexerciseistheeasiestofthethree.Ⅵ.解题指导要做好句型转换题，必须注意如下几点：1、注重掌握教材中的基本句和同一句子英语的不同结构表达技巧。2、弄清题意，明确题目考查点，了解题目所给句子与答句之间的关系。3、注意从多角度，全方位考虑问题，突破难点，注意复查，看是否按要求完成了转换。通过上述的归纳和指导，可以理清学生的“依章办事”的解题思路，养成“有条不紊”的解题习惯，培养多角度思维解题的能力，从而达到提高学习效率的目的。特殊疑问句注：1、一般情况：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句构成。2、特殊疑问词在句中充当成分。3、不用yes,no回答，直接回答。4、读降调。5、常用疑问词：who,what,whose,where,how,which,when,why,howmany,howmuch,howfar.Howlong,howoften,howsoon,howhigh,等。对划线部分提问。（把各句变为特殊疑问句）1、对主语（人）提问：Theboyisrunningnow.Whoisrunningnow?2、对表语（人）提问：HeisLily'sfather.Whoishe?3、对介宾（人）提问：Sheislookingforthelittleboy.Whoisshelookingfor?4、对动宾（人）提问：IoftenhelpWeiHuawithEnglish.WhodoyouoftenhelpwithEnglish?5、对间宾（人）提问：KatelentTomaballyesterday.WhodidKatelendaballyesterday?6、对主语（东西）提问：Thebooksareonthedesk..Whatareonthedesk?7、对表语（东西）提问：Theseareboats.Whatarethese?8、对动宾（东西）提问：Iwantacupoftea.Whatdoyouwant?9对职业（提问）提问：Themanisafarmer.Whatistheman?Whatdoesthemando?10.对介宾（东西）提问：Heislookingforhispen.Whatishelookingfor?11、对是什么提问：It'saChinesecar.Whatisit?12、对计算结果提问：Sixandnineisfifteen.Whatissixandnine?13、对年级提问：I'minGradeThree.Whatgradeareyouin?14、对班级提问：LiLeiisinClassFive.WhatclassisLiLeiin?15、对年级和班级提问：WeiHuaisinClassThreeGradeOne,WhatclassandgradeisWeihuain?16、对排提问:WeareinRowOne.Whatrowareyouin?注：１、对年级、班级、排提问时，问句中的in不能去掉．２，what后的grade,class，row用小写形式．3,what根据实际译为汉语．17、对学号提问:LucyisNumberSix.WhatnumberisLucy?WhatisLucy'snumber?18、对后置定语提问:ThisisamapofChina.Whatmapisthis?19、对颜色提问:Theflowersarered.Whatcoloraretheflowers?20、对几点几分提问:It'ssix.Whattimeisit?What'sthetime?21、对名字提问:MynameisLiLei.What'syourname?22、对前置定语提问:Theseapplesareyours.Whichapplesareyours?ThebestoneisLily's.WhichoneisLily's?23、对表语（名物代）提问:Thiscupisyours.Whoseisthecup?24、对后置定语提问:Theboyinthehatismybrother.Whichboyisyourbrother?25、对后置定语提问:Iwanttobuytheshirtontheleft.Whichshirtdoyouwanttobuy?26、对主语（名物代）提问:Mineisred.Whoseisred?27、对定语（形物代）提问:Theyaremybooks.Whosebooksarethey?28、对定语（名词所有格）提问:ThisisLucyandLily'sroom.Whoseroomisthis?29、对表语（名词所有格）提问：ThiscupisKate's.Whoseisthiscup?30对身体提问：I'mfine(well,OK,Allright.)Howareyou?31、对年龄提问：Theboyisfifteen.Howoldareyou?32、对天气提问：It'scloudytoday.Howistheweathertoday?=What'stheweatherliketoday?33、对语言提问：IcanspellitinEnglish.Howcanyouspellit?34、对方式提问：Ioftengotoschoolonfoot.(bybus,bytrain,bybike•••)Howdoyouoftengotoschool?35、对程度提问：Shestudieshard.Howdoesshestudy?36、对数量提问：1,Therearefivebirdsinthetree.Howmanybirdsarethereinthetree?2,Thereismuchwaterinthebottle.Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?3,Thereisanappletreeinfrontofthehouse.Howmanyappletreesarethereinfrontofthehouse?37、对价格提问：Themeatistenyuan.Howmuchisthemeat?注：1，对价格提问，be应根据后面的主语而定。2，单位yuan在问句中去掉。38、对距离提问：Thefactoryistwokilometersfromhere.Howfaristhefactoryfromhere?39、对长度提问：Therulerisonemetrelong.Howlongistheruler?40、对for+一段时间提问：Wehavestayedtherefortwohours.Howlonghaveyoustayedthere?Hehaslivedheresince1997.Howlonghashelivedhere?注：howlong后面必须是延续性动词。41、对星期提问：TodayisMonday.Whatdayisittoday?42、对in+一段时间提问：Thewomanwillgototheshopinfiveminutes.Howsoonthewomanwillgototheshop?43、对频度副词提问：LiuYingoftencarrieswaterforUncleLi.HowoftendoesLiuYingcarrywaterforUncleLi?44、对范围内的次数提问：Igoswimmingonceaweekinsummer.Howmanytimesdoyougoswimminginsummer?45、对宽度提问：Theriverisfivemetreswide.Howwideistheriver?46、对原因状语提问：Hedidn'tcometoschoolbecausehewasillinbed.Whydidn'thecometoschool?注：表示“因为”的连词有since,as,for,because.47、对时间状语提问：Weusuallycometoschoolatseveninthemorning.Whendoyouusuallycometoschool?48、对地点状语提问：Thechildrensometimesplayfootballontheplayground.Wheredothechildrensometimesplayfootball?49、对几月几日提问：It'sMay2today.What'sthedatetoday?50、对种类（后置定语）提问：Iwantthecakeswithnutsinthem.Whatkindofcakesdoyouwant?51、对作什么提问：Theboysareplayinginthetree.Whataretheboysdoinginthetree?熟记变特殊疑问句时，容易判断错的情况。1、数词表示年龄：Heisfifty-five.Howoldishe?表示时间：It'sfifty-five.What'sthetime?表示加法：Sixandtwoiseight.What'ssixandtwo?表示价格：Theshirtisthirtyyuan.Howmuchistheshirt?表示多少：Ihavethreebrothers.Howmanybrothersdoyouhave?2、姓名和人表示人名：MynameisGina.What'syourname?表示人：ThewomanisGina.Whoisthewoman?3、长度和距离表示距离：It'sfivehundredmetresawayfromhere.Howfarisitfromhere?表示长度：It'sfivehundredmetres.Howlongisit?4、颜色，东西表示颜色：Theshoesarewhite.Whatcoloraretheshoes?表示物：Theyarewhitesheep.Whatarethey?表示颜色：Theyarewhitesheep.Whatcolorarethesesheep?5、名词所有格和人表示名词所有格：She'sLucy'ssister.Whosesisterisshe?表示人：She'sLucy'ssister.Whoisshe?同义句转换的九种类型时间：20XX年04月30日作者：来源：同义句转换题是近几年中考英语的一个常考题型，其出题形式通常是同时给出两个句子，第一句完整，第二句中设有几处空格，要求考生填入适当的词或词组，使第二句的意思与第一句意思相同。它综合考查考生的语法、词汇、短语或习惯用语和句型结构等知识，要求运用所学的词汇、语法知识和句型结构填写句子，使句子结构完整、逻辑合理、语法知识无误、意思与所给句子相同。通过对近几年的中考英语试题中同义句转换题的分析，我们发现中考英语同义句转换题主要考查以下几个方面：一、运用同义词（组）进行转换用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，注意转换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如：1.Thatdaywecouldseeflowershereandthere.Thatdaywecouldseeflowers__________.分析：答案为everywhere。everywhere与hereandthere都表示“到处”。2.Theteacheralwaystakesgoodcareofthechildrenintheschool.Theteacheralways_____________thechildrenwellintheschool.分析：答案为looksafter。takegoodcareof与lookafter…well都表示“好好照顾”。二、运用反义词（组）的否定式进行转换即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词（词组）的积累和换位思维的能力。如：1.It’sclearthatthisvisitisdifferentfromlasttime.It’sclearthatthisvisitisnotthe______lasttime.分析：答案为sameas。bedifferentfrom意为“与……不同”；thesameas意为“与……相同”，其否定式与bedifferentfrom同义。2.Ithinkwealthislessimportantthanhealth.I___thinkwealthis___importantthanhealth.分析：答案为don’t，more。lessimportant的意思是“没有（不及）……重要”；moreimportant的意思是“（比）……更重要”，该结构与not连用，则表示“不比……更重要”。另外，有的反义词即使不与否定词连用，而只需改变句子结构也可构成同义句。如：Helentsomemoneytohisfriend.Hefriend___somemoney___him.分析：答案为borrowed，from。borrow…from意为“向……借……”；lend…to意为“把……借给……”。两个结构意思相反，但若变换“借出者”与“借入者”的位置，则可转换为同义句。三、运用不同语态进行转换即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词，但此时要特别注意时态、动词一致性。如：1.Everyoneshouldgivebackhislibrarybooksontime.Librarybooksshould____________ontime.分析：答案为begivenback。被动句中含有情态动词should，因此助动词用be。2.Itiswidelyacceptedthatmorepeopleusecomputersintheworldtoday.Computers____widely___intheworldtoday.分析：答案为are，puters是复数名词，助动词用are。四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换，此时往往会涉及时态的变化。如：1.Themanagerlefttwohoursago.Themanager_____________fortwohours.分析：答案为hasbeenaway。leave为非延续性动词，不能与fortwohours这样的一段时间连用，而改成beaway这样的延续性动词后，则可连用一段时间。2.Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.Thefilmhasbeen__________fiveminutes.分析：答案为onfor。hasbeen提示时态是现在完成时态，“for+时间段”表示“持续（一段时间）”，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。3.MrLijoinedthePartytwentyyearsago.MrLi_______________thePartyfortwentyyears.答案：hasbeenin。短暂动词join，意为“参加、加入（组织，政党）”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将join改成bein或beamemberin…。五、运用不同引语进行转换即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等相应的变化。如：1.“I’vefoundmywallet,”hesaidtome.He_________methathe__________________hiswallet.分析：答案为told，hadfound。此题是将直接引语转换成间接引语。2.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He______________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.分析：答案为askedif/whether,before。此题是将疑问句的直接引语转换成间接引语。六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。如：1.Wedidn’tgooutforawalkbecauseitwasraining.Wedidn’tgooutforawalk______________therain.分析：答案为becauseof。将原因状语从句becauseitwasraining改为表示原因的介词短语becauseoftherain。2.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn’tgotosleep.Hewas__________________gotosleep.分析：答案为tooexcitedto。将so…that…换成too…to…结构，原句的that从句为结果状语从句，改写句中的不定式仍表结果。3.NowIwillshowyouhowtodothework.NowIwillshowyou__________________dothework.分析：答案为howyoucan。即将原句中的“疑问词+不定式”结构转换成宾语从句。4.Youshou