汉译英基本句型参考答案及讲解

汉译英基本句型参考答案及讲解一．重点词组1．(psychologyisn’tsointerestingtohimashistory)考查知识：“as…as…”“同…一样…”。注意第一个as是副词，后面接的是形容词，或副词，后面一个as是介词，后面接的是名词或代词。2．（haveMikeopenit）考查知识：“havesb.dosth”“让某人做某事”3．（consistslargelyinthestyleofitsancientbuildings）考查知识：consistin在于，存在于4．(boysonlyaccountfor/constituteonefourthofallthestudents)考查知识：accountfor,constitute都可以表示“占据，占”5．（Itneveroccurredtomethathewouldfailintheexam）考查知识：occurto“被想到，被想起”6．(agoodideasuddenlycametohim)考查知识：cometo突然想到7．(comesupwithsomenovelideas)考查知识：comeupwith想出（计划，答复等），提出8．（shecan’tputupwith/tolerate/stand/bearthisloudnoiseanylonger）考查知识：putupwith/tolerate/stand/bear都可以表示“忍受”9．(otherthanKate)考查知识：otherthan除…以外10．(ratherthanheshouldhelpus)考查知识：ratherthan而不是11．(Nowthatwehavefinishedthecourse)考查知识：nowthat=since既然，由于12．(Believeitornot)考查知识：Believeitornot是个习惯用语，“信不信由你”13．(contributedtotherapidgrowthofcities)考查知识：contributeto对…做出贡献，促进，推动14．(Despite/inspiteoftheseemingunity)考查知识：despite是个介词，后面要接名词，代词或动名词。“尽管，虽然”15．(hasblamedimmigrantsforrisingunemployment;hasattributedtherisingunemploymenttoimmigrants)考查知识：blamesb.forsth.因为…而指责，怪罪某人;attribute…to…“把…归咎于…”，把…归因于…，认为是…的结果16．(Arandomselectionofmarriedcouples)考查知识：random是个形容词，“随机的，任意的，不加挑选的”17．(haveappealedforinformationastoherwhereabouts)考查知识：appealfor呼吁，恳求，asto关于18．(testifiedtoherguilt/testifiedthatshewasguilty)考查知识：testify(to)证明19．(isduetomake/deliveranimportantspeechthisevening)考查知识：beduetodo即将做某事deliveraspeech发表演讲20．(Astotheproblemsleftoverfromthepast)考查知识：asto/for关于，至于21．(fell/gotintothehabitofbeingpunctual)考查知识：fall/getintothe(a)habitofdoing养成做某事的习惯22．(Themoment/Assoonasshesawhermother)考查知识：themoment=assoonas一…就…23．(Now（that）youareacollegestudent)考查知识：now（that）=since，because既然，由于24．（Itisanythingbuteasy）一个13亿人口的大国要实现和平崛起，绝非易事。考查知识：anythingbut“根本不是”，“绝不是”。例如：Heisanythingbutdiligent.（他一点也不勤奋。）25．(Shedidnothingbuteatandsleepallday)考查知识：“nothingbut”相当于“only”,意思是“只是，就是”。注意：nothingbut前面的谓语动词如果是do时，nothingbut后面要接不带to的不定式，即动词原形；如果不是do的话，to就不能够省略。例如：Thedoctortoldhimnothingbuttostopsmoking．26．(Heisnothingbutasmallchild)27．(Nowondershewasfired)考查知识：nowonder“难怪，怪不得”28．(donothingbutwatchtelevision)29．(noneotherthantheauthorhimself)考查知识：noneotherthan“正是，仅仅是”30(Wemightaswellwalk)考查知识：might/mayaswell“不妨，还不如”见词汇P75-16题31．(butwhenitcomestorepairingit)考查知识：whenitcomesto“当谈到…，当涉及到…”,注意该句型中的to是介词，后面要接名词，代词，或动名词。32．(Thereisnodenying)考查知识：Thereisnodenying=Itisimpossibletodeny33．(regrettellingher) 考查知识：regretdoingsth.表示对于已经发生的事表示后悔。regrettodosth.对于未做但要做的事表示遗憾。例如：Iregrettohavetodothis，butIhavenochoice．我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没办法。(未做但要做)34．(Iregrettotellyou)考查知识：固定句型I/weregrettosay/tellyou“很遗憾地告诉你”35．(HefollowedKate’smisleadingadvice)36．(wasplannedwellinadvance)考查知识：inadvance事先，提前37．(resultinaserioustrafficaccident)38．(resultedfromthedriver’scarelessness)考查知识：resultin“导致，造成”,resultfrom“是…的结果”二．重要句型1．（thatTomchangedhismindsosoon）考查知识：it作形式主语可以替换名词从句，动名词，不定式2．(whetherhewillcomplywiththeorder)3．(madeitimpossibleforhimtopasstheexam)考查知识：在deem,consider,believe,make,feel,find,think等不完全及物动词之后,要先加it做形式宾语,再接宾语补足语:形容词或名词,真正的宾语是后面的不定式.4．(itanhonorformetodeliverthisspeech)5．(itinterestingtostudyEnglish)6．(itisinterestingtostudyEnglish)考查知识：上述不完全及物动词也可直接以that从句作宾语,此时这类动词就变成完全及物动词.7．(it/itishardtoexplainthemattertoher)8．(Withsomuchhomeworktodo)考查知识：with引导的独立主格9．(Withsuchashorttime)10．(Allflightshavingbeencanceled)考查知识：独立主格11．(shouldberemovedfromtheirposts,theearlierthebetter)考查知识：“the+比较级，the+比较级”“越…越…”12．(thatheobjectedtotheproposal)13．(Icannothelpbutadmirehim/cannotbutadmirehim/cannothelpadmiringhim)考查知识：“不得不”的三种表达方法：cannothelpbutdosth.,cannotbutdosth.,cannothelpdoingsth.14．(Itgoeswithoutsaying)考查知识：itgoeswithoutsaying不用说15．(Shehadnosoonerheardthenews/Nosoonerhadsheheardthenews)考查知识：“一…就…”，“刚…就…”可以用nosooner…than…,或scarcely…when….注意：nosooner和scarcely引导的句子的谓语动词要用动词完成时态，than和when之后要用动词一般时态。nosooner和scarcely如果放在句首的话，要主谓倒装。16．(thefactthatshestudiedsohard或herstudyingsohard).考查知识：介词后面不能直接接从句，必须先加上名词fact,再把待译的句子作为同位语从句译出来或者把汉语的句子变成英语的动名词短语。17．(Thereisnoknowing)考查知识：句型Thereis+no+V-ing=ItisimpossibletoV。可以用于该句型的动词常见的有：argue,say,know,stop,predict,tell等18．(Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtrees)考查知识：Thereasonwhy+句子+isthat+句子“…的原因是…”19．(ThatisthereasonwhyIdon’tlikeit)20．(Sincehewenttoseniorhighschool)21．(Dueto/Thanksto/Owingtohisencouragement)考查知识：dueto,owingto,thanksto都是表示“因为…”，但要注意含有感激、讽刺等感情色彩时，一般使用thanksto;owingto不能与be动词搭配做谓语动词。例如：Hisabsenceisowingtothestorm.(×),但是Hisabsenceisduetothestorm.(√)22．(Richasourcountryis或Thoughourcountryisrich)考查知识：让步状语从句。bynomeans=onnoaccount=innoway一点也不三．倍数/比较1．(LondonhasalargerpopulationthananyothercityintheUnitedKingdom/LondonisthecitywiththelargestpopulationintheUnitedKingdom)2．(continuestodoubleeveryfivemonths)考查知识：double动词，“翻番，增加一倍”3．(onein/outofeverytenAmericansnowownsamobilephone)考查知识：onein/outoften十分之一4．(hadbetter“thinking”skillsthanthosewithout)5．(Itisfourtimesaslargeastheotherone/Itisthreetimeslargerthantheotherone/Itisfourtimesthesizeoftheotherone).考查知识：倍数词+the/that/this/those/these+（表示大小,数量等等的）名词“是…的几倍”6．(Heearnstwicetheamountofmyincomeeverymonth)7．(themoreyouwillappreciateherbeauty).8．(justaswecan’tlivewithoutwater)9．(agreatdeal/muchmorehealthythanhewas)考查知识：修饰比较级常见的词有：manytimes,abit,even,rather,somewhat,much,alot,ever,alittle,agreatdeal,far等等。10．(thethinnertheairbecomes)11．(oneofthebestbooksthathehaseverwritten)12．(farmoreinterestingthanthisone)13．(asgracefullyashereldersister)四．虚拟语气1．(Ifhehadcomeyesterday/Hadhecomeyesterday)考查知识：从句中有should,were及过去完成时助动词had出现时，均可将它们置于主语前，将if省略。2．(lest/forfearthattheyshouldbepunished)考查知识：lest,forfearthat后面接从句，从句谓语动词要用should+动词原形3．(IfIwereyou)4．(Iwouldhaveseenheroffattherailwaystation)考查知识：3，4题见第18题后面的讲解。5．(itsnows(可能性较大)/itshouldsnow(可能性较小))考查知识：incase以防万一6．(Ifthewholeoperationhadnotbeenpreparedbeforehand)7．(shemightbealivenow)8．(hewouldbewelloffnow)考查知识：要注意时态不一致的虚拟语气：if从句与过去事实相反，用过去完成时，而主句若与现在事实相反，则用过去式助动词表示，此类主句句尾多置表现在的时间副词如now,today等。9．(HadIproposedtoyouthatyear/IfIhadproposedtoyouthatyear)10．(asifheweredrunk)考查知识：asif“好象”。如果后面接的是非真实的“好象”、不太可能发生的情况，用虚拟语气；如果是很有可能发生的事情，就用正常陈述语气。11．(Butformusic/Withoutmusic)12．(Butforhisadvice)13．(Wereitnotforherpresence)与现在事实相反14．(Ifithadnotbeenforherpresence)与过去事实相反考查知识：butfor,ifitwerenotfor/ifithadnotbeenfor,表示与事实相反的假设，意思是“若非”。15．(Iwouldn’thavegonetoattendherpartyyesterday)16．(Youwouldn’tfeelsohot)17．(Ifwehadn’tmadeadequatepreparations)18．(Ifitrained(常用的形式)/weretorain(可能性较小时用)/shouldrain(可能性较大时用)tomorrow)考查知识：表示与现在情况相反的假设，用一般过去时；与过去已发生情况相反的假设，用过去完成时态；对未来状况的假设有三种情况，见１８题答案。19．(youcameherealittleearlier)20．(hehadn’ttoldherthenews)考查知识：wouldrather后面如果接的是从句，从句谓语动词要用过去时态;若表示与过去已发生的事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时态。21．(theyshouldtellstoriesinturn)22.(theseatsshouldbebooked/reservedinadvance)考查知识：在表示建议，命令，决定等动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用原型，或should+动词原形。常用的这类动词有：suggest,order,command,insist,require,determine,maintain,urge等等。23．(everystudentshouldhandinareportonsocialinvestigationaftersummervacation)24．(thetroopsshouldwithdrawatonce)考查知识：虚拟语气用在表示建议，命令，决定等的名词后的从句中，谓语用动词原形或should+动词原形。常用的这类名词有：advice,suggestion,necessity,decision,requirement,order等等。25．(somemeasuresshouldbetakenimmediately)26．(heshouldreservetheticketinadvance)考查知识：在一些表示重要性，必要性，合适的，恰当的等形容词之后的从句中，谓语动词要用原形或should+动词原形。常见的这类形容词有：important,necessary,imperative,compulsory,proper,ridiculous,preferable,insistent,advisable,anxious等等。27．(wewenthome)考查知识：Itis(high,about)time…句型要求用虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去时，或者用should+动词原形(不常用)。28．(Butforyourstrongsupport)29．(couldn’thavepassedtheentranceexamination)30．(wouldratheryoudidn’tdo)31．(tookproperstepstosolvethetrafficproblems)32．（whatwouldtheythink）五．不定式1．(protestedagainstplanstobuildanuclearplanthere/plansforanuclearplanthere)考查知识：不定式做定语2．(importantforyoutochooseagoodfriend)3．(foolishofhimtomakesuchamistake)考查知识：“Itis+形容词+for/of+名词/代词+不定式”该句型中的形容词若是表示人物特征，特性，整句谓语描述对象是人，那么要用of,这类形容词常见的有：brave,careless,thoughtful,considerate,bold,foolish,polite,wrong等等；若该句型中的形容词描述的是某一件事情，那么要用for,这类形容词常见的有：important,necessary,impossible,difficult等等。见词汇14-27ppt264．(toworkhard)=it’sknownthatheworkshard.5．(tohavetakenplacesometimeyesterday)=Itisreportedthatthecaraccidenttookplacesometimeyesterday.考查知识：不定式的动作如果和主句的动作同时或几乎同时发生，不定式用一般时态；如果不定式的动作先于主句的动作发生，那么不定式要用完成时态。6．(tohavegrownuptobeanotedscientist)7．(hasmuchtodowithone’s/hiseffort)考查知识：havemuch/alot/alittle/little/…todowith和…有很大/一点/没有…关系8．(themansneakintoherhouse)考查知识：感官动词，如notice,see,watch,hear等，后面可以接动词原形也可以接动词现在分词形式。如果强调动作的整个过程，后面接动词原形；如果强调动作正在进行，就用现在分词形式。9．(onlytofailintheexam)“onlyto”竟然（表示与预料相反的结果）10．(Tomakemattersworse)做独立副词短语，修饰主句11．(astohelptheoldmancarrytheheavybox)考查知识：soasto以致12．(letalone/nottomention/nottospeakofFrench)考查知识：letalone,nottomention,nottospeakof“更不用说，更不要提”。前面较易的事不能做到，后面更难的事更不可能做到了。13．(Tobalanceworkandschool)考查知识：不定式做目的状语14．(HewouldratherwatchTVathome)考查知识：在wouldrather,cannothelpbut,hadbetter,wouldsooner,cannotbut等结构后要接不带to的不定式。六．分词1．(finishingat10o’clock)分词做结果状语考查知识：分词做状语，要满足两个基本条件：分词的逻辑主语，必须和主句的逻辑主语是同一个；分词表示的动作和主句的动作必须是同时发生或几乎同时发生。分词在句中可以做时间状语，原因状语，结果状语，让步状语，伴随状况等。2．(fishcookedinthisway=fishthatiscookedinthisway)考查知识：分词还可以做定语。分词做定语相当于定语从句的省略形式，现在分词做定语表示动作是先行词主动发出的，过去分词做定语表示动作是先行词被动承受的。3．(Not(being)fondoflearning)4．(NeverhavingbeentoAmerica)考查知识：分词的否定形式是在分词前加not,never等否定词。5．(Drivingalongthiswindingstreet)6．(Thegirlhavingfailedintheexam)考查知识：分词状语要满足两个条件。如果分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语不一致的话，就必须把分词的逻辑主语写在其前面，这就构成了独立主格。独立主格也可以做各种状语。另外，with等介词也可以引导独立主格。7．(withaletterinhishand/withonehandholdingaletter/withaletterheldinonehand)考查知识：“with”引导表示情形或状况的介词短语或分词短语，常见句型有两种：with+宾语+介词+宾语(作宾语补语)with+宾语+现在分词/过去分词(作宾语补语)8．(withhervoiceshakingwithdelight)考查知识：独立主格9．(becauseshelefttheofficewiththedoorunlocked)考查知识：独立主格10．(leavingtheprojectunfinished)考查知识：分词做结果状语11．(permittingustoseeaswellastohearallkindsofprograms)考查知识：分词做原因状语12．(Herchildrenhavingleft)考查知识：独立主格13．(Asto/forthemoneyneeded)考查知识：过去分词做定语14．(Protectedbythatpileofstraw)考查知识：分词做原因状语15．(Yieldingtothetemptationofmoney)考查知识：分词做原因状语16．(Caughtinasuddendownpour/thunderstorm)考查知识：分词做原因状语17．(tryingtomakeasmuchmoneyasIcould/asmuchaspossible)考查知识：分词做原因状语七．动名词1．(shedislikeshercolleagues’/colleaguessmokingintheoffice)动名词做宾语2．(yourclasswinningthebasketballmatch)3．(herassociatingwiththatboy)4．(Havingstudiedcomputer)动名词作主语5．(hisdevotinghimselftothecauseofeducation)动名词作宾语6．(everyone/everyone’spassingtheexam)(动名词作表语)考查知识：动名词的逻辑主语如果和句子的主语不一致时，必须要写出其逻辑主语。7．(withoutsayinggoodbyetous)动名词作介词宾语8．(Aftergraduatingfromthecollege)考查知识：动名词本身不能作状语，但放在介词后，又可以起状语作用，表示原因，时间，让步，方式，目的等。八．非谓语动词用法区别1．(Playingfootball)2．(Tobecomeagreatscientist)考查知识：动名词作主语，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验；不定式作主语，通常用以表示一件未完成的事情或目的。“踢足球有趣”这是件大家都明白的事，所以要用动名词作主语；而“成为一名科学家”现在这个梦想还未实现，所以要用不定式作主语。3．(singingasong)4．(topasstheexam)考查知识：一句话中，若包含有两个动作，但无连接词：两个动词表示的动作同时发生，其中一个动词变成分词；不同时发生，其中一个变成不定式。“离开”与“唱歌”这两个动作同时发生，要把后一个动词变成分词形式；“努力学习”之后才能“通过考试”，这两个动作不是同时发生的，故后一个动词要用不定式。5．(tolearnofthefailureintheexam)6．(Learningofthefailureintheexam)考查知识：不定式作原因状语时，一般放在句尾。而分词作原因状语，一般放在句首。7．(Iwillhaveitrepaired)8．(Iwillhaveitworkingsomehow)考查知识：现在分词表示动作主动发生或正在进行中，过去分词表示被动承受或动作已经完成。9．(onlytodropitonhisownfeet)10．(claimingthousandsofpeople’slives)考查知识：onlyto引导的短语作结果状语，后面接预料之外的结果；分词作结果状语后面接的是在预料之中的结果。11．(Heisalwaysthefirststudenttoenterandthelastonetoleavetheclassroom)考查知识：被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next，second,last,only和nota，the等限定词时候，只能用不定式九．时态1．(Youshouldn’thavebeenfollowinghimsoclosely)2．(wouldbebeneficialtobothsides)考查知识：过去将来时3．（haddeeplyimpressedcriticsandviewers）考查知识：过去完成时4．(drovethrougharedlightandcollidedwithabus)考查知识：过去时5．(hehasworkedinthiscity)考查知识：现在完成时态。since引导的从句一般要用非延续性动词，主句用完成时态。6．(Ididn’tthinkhewastocomebackuntiltomorrow)考查知识：过去将来时7．(ithasbecomeundrinkablebynow)考查知识：现在完成时8．(willhavefoundasatisfactorysolutiontotheproblem)考查知识：将来完成时9．(televisionwillreplacethenewspapercompletely)考查知识：一般将来时10．(havebeentryingtokeepupwiththelatesttrends)考查知识：现在完成进行时11．(Ihaven’tfinishedreadingthebookyet)考查知识：现在完成时12．(thatIhaveheardhersing)考查知识：“It(This)is(willbe)thefirst(second,last)timethat…”结构中的从句要求用现在完成时13．(Ihaveeverseen)考查知识：“It(This)is(willbe)thebest(worst,mostinteresting)+名词+that…”结构中的从句要求用现在完成时。十．情态动词1．(Hemight/couldhaveboughtthecar)考查知识：用“might/could+不定式完成时”表示本来可能发生却没有发生，或者本来可能完成却没有完成的动作。2．(Imighthavefinishedthereportlastweek)3．(cannot/couldnothavereceivedmyletter)4．(Hemustbestillstudyinginthelibrary)考查知识：情态动词对于目前状况的猜测，用一般时态；对曾经发生过的动作的猜测，用完成时态。5．(soIneedn’thavebroughtanumbrellawithme)考查知识：“needn’thavedonesth”表示“本不必要干…”这样一种情态意义，也就是说，做了不必要做的事情，并表示过去时间。6．(heshouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavegonetothecinemalastnight)“should/oughttohavedonesth”表示应该做的事没有做到，即“本应该…”；其否定形式表示“本不应该…”7．(Iwouldhavetoldyouthetruth)8．(shouldhavebeenmorecareful)十一.名词从句1．(Whetheritistrueorfalse)“whether”引导名词从句，可以作主语，宾语，be动词的表语。2．(Whatshewantedtotellyou)考查知识：主语从句3．(Thathewaschosen)考查知识：主语从句4．(Thathesurvivedtheaccident)考查知识：主语从句5．(whethershewillcomeornottoday)考查知识：宾语从句6．(whetherwecangetaticket)考查知识：表语从句7．(Whateverisworthdoing)考查知识：引导名词从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever。它们在句中既起连接作用，同时又担当主语，宾语，定语，表语等成分。8．(howwecanfinishthetaskontime)考查知识：关系副词when,where,how,why引导的从句在句中可以用作主语，宾语或表语。十二.定语从句1．(whichsurprisedusmost)2．(leadsthemtoexpectthingsthatneverhappen)3．(whichresultedinhisrunningawayfromhome)考查知识：which可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。4．(heisonewhodoesn’tfearanything)5．(Youmaytakewhicheveryoulike)“whichever”是复合关系代词，相当于anythingwhich.6．(whichwillenablehimtocontinuehiseducationabroad)7．(bymeansofwhichpeoplecommunicatewitheachother)8．(Asapoetpointsout)考查知识：在非限制性定语从句中，as作为关系代词代替整个句子。As引导的从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面、中间或后面。9．(onwhichshespent2,000dollars)考查知识：定语从句中谓语动词的固定搭配介词，不能省略。该介词可以放在关系代词前，也可以放在句尾。十三.状语从句1．(unlesstheirdemandsaremetbynoontoday)考查知识：条件状语2．(sopollutedthatfishcannolongerlivein)考查知识：结果状语3．(sothat/soeverybodycouldhearhim)考查知识：结果状语4．(sothateverybodymighthearhim)考查知识：目的状语5．(Thoughheisagoodstudent/Goodstudentasheis)考查知识：让步状语6．(Aslongasyoudon’tbetrayme)考查知识：条件状语7．(Howeverhardyoutry)考查知识：让步状语。“however”在此作副词连接词，相当于nomatterhow。类似的还有，whatever=nomatterwhat等等。8．(So/aslongaswecanmakeuseofitproperly)考查知识：条件状语从句9．(evenif/thoughtheyknowitisharmfultoboththeirmentalandphysicalhealth)考查知识：让步状语从句10．(Althoughitmaybringsomeunfavorableconsequences)考查知识：让步状语从句11．(Howeverdifficultthetaskis/Nomatterhowdifficultthetaskis)考查知识：让步状语从句12．(Unlessyoureturnthedictionarytothelibraryimmediately)13．(Sopreciousistime)14．(Rich