2022年北京高考英语试题和答案

2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语本试卷共页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、BC、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。OneMondaywhilethechildrenwereenjoying“freeplay”,Isteppedthedoorwayoftheclassroomabreak.Ichildrenthroughensuretheirsafetyfromthebittercold.Ifeltachill()throughmycarriedmethatandIpushedopen.ItwasoneofkindergartenerswhoIthoughtwasthathadbeendroppedatschoollateandwasopenthehavebeenwaitingthereforquiteawhile!aword,Irushedhimthehospital.wastreated1amovementoftheheavywoodenThiswasthedoorI2guidedthe34forfrostbiteonhishands.He’dneedThenextmorning,oneofthefirst5,andforclassthenextIthought.6wasmylittlefrostbittenNotonlydidherunbuthis7couldbeheardasloudasever!Igavehimawarmhugandtoldhimhow8Iwasseehim.wordshavestayedmealltheseyears,“IknewwouldopentheThatcoldMondayhewaitedalong,longwhileforadults9.achild,everyminutefeelslikeattemptwalkbackhome;hewaitedandtrusted.Thistaughtapowerfullesson10.．Acaused．Ahesitantly．Aangry．spottedBrandomlyBabsent．content．playCcheckedCdizzily．specialunable．CarriveDimaginedDcarefullyD．noisy．Acourageous．Arecover．AsettleDunwillingD．waitgatherweepD．react．Asneeze．complaintDlaughter．Aluckyhappy．curious．holdupCfaithD．nervousDlineupD．kindness．Ashowup．Agratitude．pullup．第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）1括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AHelenwaswalkingdownthestreetlatebalancingthebags,shenoticeherwalletfallingoutofherpocket.Helenwalkedon,sheheardamantowardsFearfulthathemighthaveanintention12(harm)Helenstartedrun.theevening,herfilledgrocerybags.Focusedontheman13(catch)upandhewasonlytryingreturnherwallet!BWhydohumansprefersmellsoverothers?Oneincreasinglysuggeststhatsmellpreferencesarelearned.easyexplainhowdetermine1415(support)byexperts,smellsaredangerousornot:learn.Thishasbeenadoptedensureeasierdetectionofleaks.Gasnaturally16(have)norecognisablesmell.astrongsmelladdedsothatcanraisethealarmwhendetecttheassociatedCSincepeopleeatoutorcookforandfooddeliveryequalmorewaste,especiallyplasticwaste.Thatincludescups,bottles,andbags,mostof18areonlygoodforoneuse.abigproblemandgettingeven19(bad).Theuseofthoseplastics17(they),theytakeoutorordertakeout20(increase)by300%since2019.Theworldsurvivethissituationcontinues.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、CD四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APeer(同伴)AssistedStudySessionsapeer-facilitatedlearningprogrammeavailablestudentsenrolled()mostcoreunitsofstudyourbusinessschool.involvessessionswhereworkgroupstacklespeciallypreparedproblemsets,basedaroundaunitofstudyyou’reenrolledin.re-teachordelivernewcontent.anopportunitydeepenyourunderstandingofthepointsfromlecturematerialswhileareapplyingyourskillsproblems.workinteractivelyyourpeers.apeergroup,decidewhatcoveredeachsession.Thatdirectlyrespondsyourneedsandfeedback.Registration2openat921September2022.asessionfull,canregisterforthewaitingemailaplacebecomesavailableoranewsessionbeheld.Whenareplacedonawaitinganumberwhichtellswhereareontheareclosethefrontofthehaveagoodchanceofgainingaplacetheprogrammethenearfuture.DeregisteringmisssessionsabederegisteredandyourplacebegivensomeoneonthewaitingMakesuretheattendancesheetateachsessionrecordyourattendance.beinformedbyemailarebeingderegisteredasaresultofmissingsessions.Ifbelievehavereceivedtheemailemailtheatpassoffice@umbs.edu.．students______.AattendnewlecturesBdecidetheirownschedulesprepareproblemsetsgroups．Whatcanstudentsdoasessionfull?AFilltheattendancesheet.Dusetheirskillsproblems．upforthewaitingReporttheirneedsandfeedback.．Studentsbederegistered______.AtheysendemailserrorDEmailthetheirnumbersonthe．theyfailworkinteractivelytheytheirplacesothersD．theymisssessionsarowBAlice.EarlylastIwastroubledbyananxietythatcrippled(削弱)abilitydoanything.IfeltlikeastormcloudhungoverForayearIstruggledon,constantlystaringatthiswallthatfacedme.perfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:IwantedbeperfectatwhateverIdid,whichobviouslynotpossible,butconsumedme.OneIattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatschool.presentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedaninnerdesireatheworld.Ijoinedapre-presentationdinnerhimandthatsmallersettingallowedmeslowlybuildupcouragespeakone-on-onehim—anideathathadseemedcompletelyimpossible.Thisfirstcontactwaswherestorybegan.AmonthBrowninvitedmeattendtheConference.Lookingback,Inowseethatthiswouldbethefirstaseriesoftimelyopportunitiesthatmyoldselfwouldhaveletpass,butthatthisnewandconfidentAliceenthusiasticallyseized.ShortlyafterIreceivedhisinvitation,applicationsjointheforNatureandtheforPlanetgroupsweresentaroundthroughschool.Idecidedcompletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedmyconfidence.Iamwritingthisjustsixmonthssincemyjourneybeganandrealisedthatbiggestobstacle(障碍)thiswholewasmyself.Itwasthatvoicethebackofheadtellingthatonephrasethathasstoppedsopeoplefromreachingtheirpotential:ITheysaygoodthingsthosewhowait;Ieveryopportunityeverythinghaveandbeimpatient.Afterall,naturedoesnotrequireourpatience,butouraction.．WhatwasthecauseforAHerinabilityactherage.Herdesirebeperfect.．Herhabitofconsumption.D．Herlackofinspiration.．HowdidGrantpresentationinfluenceAlice?AShedecideddosomethingfornature.Shelearnedabouttheharmofdesire.BShetastedthesweetnessoffriendship.D．Shebuiltuphercouragespeakup.．TheactivitiesAlicejoinedhelpedherbecome______.Aintelligent．confident．innovativeD．critical．Whatcanlearnfromthispassage?APracticemakesperfect.．PatienceacureofActionworstDEverythingcomesthosewhowait.CWhatwouldtheworldbetherewerenohungeraquestionthatProfessorCrystalwouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundhardshewrotebecauseimaginingsomethingthatpartofreallife—andlearninghowreal—isarareskill.Ittaughtartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftenscientists.Crystalsetoutthat,andhelpedcreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialmeetingglobalchallenges.Systemsthinkingcrucialachievingsuchashungerandbetternutritionbecauserequiresconsideringthewaywhichfoodproduced,processed,deliveredandconsumed,andlookingathowthosethingsintersect(交叉)humanhealth,theenvironment,economicsandAccordingsystemsthinking,changingthefoodsystem—oranyothernetwork—requiresthreethingshappen.First,researchersneedidentifyalltheplayersthatsystem;second,theyworkouthowtheyrelateeachother;andthird,theyneedunderstandandquantifytheimpactofthoserelationshipsoneachotherandonthoseoutsidethesystem.nutrition.thelatestreportonglobalfoodthenumberofundernourished(营养不良)peopletheworldhasbeendespitegreatadvancesnutritionscience.of150biochemicalsfoodhasbeenimportantrevealingtherelationshipsbetweencalories,fatandtheoccurrenceofcommondiseases.Butusingmachinelearningandartificialintelligence,scientistsproposethathumandietsconsistofatleast26,000biochemicals—andthatthemajorityarenotknown.AsystemsapproachcreatingalsobuiltontheassumptionthateveryonethesystemhasequalButasresearchersfind,thefoodnotanequalone.Agoodwayredress(修正)suchpowerimbalanceformoreuniversitiesdowhatCrystaldidandteachstudentshowthinkusingasystemsapproach.researchers,policymakersandrepresentativesfromthefoodindustrymustlearnlookbeyondtheirdirectlinesofresponsibilityandadoptasystemsapproach.Crystalknewthatvisionsaloneproduceresults,butconcludedthat“we’llneverproduceresultsthatenvision”.．TheauthorusesthequestionunderlinedParagraph1______.AillustrateanintroducethetopichighlightanopinionD．predicttheending．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefieldofnutrition?AThefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinkingbeenachieved.Therelationshipsamongplayershavebeenclarified.Machinelearningcanthenutritionproblem.DTheimpactofnutritioncannotbequantified.．forsystemsthinking,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?AItmaybeusedjustifypowerimbalance.Itcanbeappliedchallenges.Ithelpsprovewhyhungerexists.DItgoesbeyondhumanimagination.DQuantum(量子)computershavebeenonmindalotAfriendhasbeensendingarticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpofthebiggestchallengesfaceashumans.alsohadexchangesquantum-computingexperts.OnecomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherphysicistPhilipFordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlethanalaboratorybigtechcompanieshaveinvestedquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingBusinessquantummachinescouldhelpus“cureandevenstepsturnclimatetheoppositedirection.”Thisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.worriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheykeep.Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailablequantumcomputingresearchers.”quantumcomputingattractsattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirpotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightwaydoubt,disappointmentandJohnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesespeciallypronehype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolbeableunderstand.”AndthatbringsbackwhosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,patientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutalsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-founded2016.sharesconcernsabouthype,buthethoseconcernsdonotapplyPyQuantum.Thehesays,closerthananyotherfirma(幅度)”buildinga“useful”quantumonethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwouldnothavebeenableotherwise.”adds,“Peoplenaturallydiscountopinions,butIhavespentalotofquantitativelycomparingwhataredoingothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawideasclaims?II’mcertainlynotgoingadvisefriendoranyoneelseinvestquantumcomputers.ButItrustjustasItrustJohnson.．Regardingconcerns,theauthorfeels______.Asympathetic．Whatleadsoptimismaboutquantumcomputing?Adominancephysics.．Thecompetitionthefield.．unconcerneddoubtfulDexcitedconfidencePyQuantum.．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”Paragraph3mostprobablymean?AOpen.BCool.CUseful.D．Resistant.DTheinvestmentoftechcompanies.．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?AIsJohnsonCompetentThanIsQuantumComputingRedefiningQuantumComputersintoDQuantumComputingEverLiveItsHype?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduevariouspressures,tendignoreourhealth.3635thefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusthesediseases.needbefithaveahealthyarehealthyshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourHealththestateofourbodyatagiventime.maynothaveanydiseasebuthaveaweakwhichreadybebyviruses.37ThisdoesnotdefinitelythatarenotItmeansthefitnesslevelnotaccordanceourandtheclimaticconditionslivein.importantforeveryonedevotehealthandfitness.38Forinstance,mustexercisedailyregardlessofourandworkingstyle.Therearedifferentofexercisesfordifferentgroupsanddothemaccordingourownhealthandage.importantrelaxourshouldhaveatleastsixeighthoursofsleepeveryIthelpsimprovingourimmune(免疫)systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.goalsofhealthandfitness.39This,turn,givesusnewAFitnesslevelsdecidethequalityoflife.HealthandfitnessareinterrelatedeachItalsohelpskeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.D．Forinstance,haveatendencycatchacold．Ifkeepourbodycanenjoyabetter．Thereareactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoourlife.GThismakesourbodysufferandcatchlifestyleandotherdiseases.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。ainventorandentrepreneur(创业者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.knewtherehadbeabetterportabledrinksolutionanddecidedinnovatefromsomethinghesawhisownhome:fruitinfused()watchedhishealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-alongoption.Fromobservinghisandfromhisdesirekidsbetterdrinkoptions,heuphisoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle.“IwantedupanaturalwayforpeopledrinkwhenontheAbigpartofmissionpeopleofallagessugarydrinks,”explains.Thebottleastrainer(滤网)thatallowsthegreattastesandnaturalsugarsofthevariousfruitsandvegetableschoosethroughthewithoutanyoftheseedsorskinsflowingthrough.proudofhisdesignandexcitedbesellingtheFunBottleonhiswebsiteandstores,butthismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentsothers.helpsprovidehealthyalternativessugarydrinks;andalsodonatespartoftheprofitstheforaHealthierGeneration(OHG).hasbeenawardedseveralprizes,butthisteenageinnovatorremainshumble.Whenaskedwhatadvicehe’dotherentrepreneurialyouth,hesays,“Prepareandhaveyoursupport.Itimportantknowfromthebeginningthattherearealotofhighsandlows,andtherenosuchthingasovernightsuccess.”．Whatdidwitnessathisownschool?．WheredidtheideafortheoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle?．Pleasedecidewhichpartfalsethefollowingstatement,thenunderlineandexplainmostproudofopportunitiesFunBottlepresentsothersbecausenotprovideshealthyalternativessugarydrinksbutalsodonatesallprofitsOHG.．Amongqualities,whichone(s)dothinkbeimportantforus?Why?(Inabout40words)第二节（