Unit7InternationalCharities（grammar）课件牛津译林版英语八年级下册

Unit7InternationalcharitiesGrammarPassivevoiceinthesimplepresentandpasttenses被动语态的一般现在时与一般过去时1.Tolearntheuseofpassivevoiceinthesimplepresenttense2.Tolearntheuseofpassivevoiceinthesimplepasttense3.TolearntousethepassivevoiceLearningobjectives（学习目标）Lookandsay1.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.2.Theclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.3.Theyplantedmanytreeslastyear.4.Manytreeswereplanted(bythem)lastyear.activevoice(主动语态)passivevoice(被动语态)activevoice(主动语态)passivevoice(被动语态)语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。1.主动语态(activevoice):主语是谓语的执行者;2.被动语态(passivevoice):主语是谓语的承受者。主动语态和被动语态小结：WorkouttherulesHe/She/Itissupported.Iamsupported.You/We/Theyaresupported.Iam

notsupported.He/She/Itis

notsupported.You/We/Theyare

notsupported.1.被动语态的一般现在时主语+am/is/are+(not)+V-ed(改为否定句)(改为否定句)(改为否定句)Workouttherules2.被动语态的一般过去时主语+was/were+(not)+V-edHe/She/Itwassupported.Iwassupported.You/We/Theyweresupported.Iwas

notsupported.He/She/Itwas

notsupported.You/We/Theywere

notsupported.(改为否定句)(改为否定句)(改为否定句)被动语态被动语态的基本用法Thesebookswerenottakenaway.这些书没被拿走。动作的执行者是泛指或者不言自明时。Thetoyisdesignedforchildren.这款玩具是为孩子们设计的。在不知道动作的执行者是谁时。Mybikewasrepaired.我的自行车修好了。需要强调动作的承受者时。出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时。Theproblemwastalkedaboutjustnow.这个问题刚才被讨论过。在一些被动语态的句子中,我们可以用by引出指出动作的执行者。MrWuislikedbyallofhisstudents.所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。被动语态还可用于某些习惯用语中，如“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”、“出生于”等e.g.HewasborninNanjing.

Itissaidthatthe75-year-oldmancanstilleatthreebowlsofriceforlunch.注意：OBRISdoctorshelpedmanyblindpeople.ManyblindpeoplewerehelpedbyOBRISdoctors.①将主动句的宾语改为被动句的主语②将主动句的谓语动词改为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”③将主动句的主语改为介词by加之后的宾语，并放在谓语动词之后，有时，介词by短语可以省略。主动语态与被动语态的转化拓展主动句中，感官动词（如：hear,see,watch等）或使役动词（如：make等）跟宾语后再跟省略to的动词不定式，改为被动句后，省略的to要加上。Theteachermadehimretellthestory.Hewasmadetoretellthestorybytheteacher.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，分两种情况①将间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语保持不变。②将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语前须有介词(一般是for或to)。拓展Hegavemeabook.

I

wasgivenabookbyhim.

Thebook

wasgiventomebyhim.间接宾语直接宾语短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动句后要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。Wetakecareoftheyoungtrees.Theyoungtreesaretakencareofbyus.拓展Helpingothers(PartAonPage99)areplannedtohelpthepoorarehandedouttopeopleinthestreetbyvolunteersaresoldtoraisemoneyweresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentswerecollectedforpoorpeoplewasheldbytheStudents'UnionFinishPartBonPage100wassetupwasopenedaresoldisusediscalledwasstartedweregivenarebuilt主动语态表示主语是动作的_______;被动语态表示主语是动作的________。被动语态的一般现在时主语+________(not)+V-ed被动语态的一般过去时主语+________(not)+V-ed在被动语态的句子中，如果我们需要指出动作的执行者，可以由_____引出。Summary执行者承受者am/is/arewas/wereby单项选择1.TodayEnglish_______alloverChina.A.teachB.teachesC.istaught2.Themeeting_______twoweeksago.A.holdB.washeldC.isheld3.Thethief________bythepolicelastnight.A.caughtB.iscaughtC.wascaughtExercises4.Thephotos_______whenIwasyoung.A.weretakenB.wastakenC.aretaken5.Millieismybestfriend.I___often____toherparty.A.isinvitedB.aminvitedC.wasinvited6.LastyearBeijing____byabigsand