大学英语导学 (老师版)

大学英语导学(老师版)2主题:高等教育人才的外语能力培养热身问题:

06级管理/软件三级起点班课程结束3主要内容

大学生的学习角色和学习方法英语的全面定义和教学主要内容外语能力的层次和课堂教学效益的延伸外语教学的重心和目标从传统到现代的转移大学英语教学国家验收考试CET

任务型合作式教学法推介以奥林匹克精神上大学，在人才赛场上追求更快、更高、更强的目标！4richandcolourfulvsdullandboringCusLife:Whichdoyouprefer?5Whataretheydoing?6Whatcanwedo?Whyishedoingso?7Wouldyouliketotakepartintheextra-curriculumactivities?8Whatdoesthatmean?

UpdatedandupgradedWhyWhathowLearnmoreLearnwellLearnefficientlyLearneffectively9我应该怎样读大学？

我应该怎样学大学英语？大学是什么？“大”在哪里？高等教育是什么？“高”在哪里？大学生应当学什么？怎样学？大学英语的课程意义、目标、内容、要求、方法、标准、测试大学英语与中学英语的区别10WhatIsCollegeEnglish?Whatdoeshighereducationmean?Whatdoesuniversitystudentmean?WhatiscollegeEnglish?ObjectivesContentsMethodsRequirementsAssessment(6what’s)11School-relatedPerson-related

QuestionsWhatareyougoingtolearn?Howareyouexpectedtolearn?Whatlevelareyouexpectedtoreach?Howdifficultisitatthislevel?What’sthedifferencebetweenMiddleSchoolEnglishandCollegeEnglish?Etc.Whydoyouattenduniversity?ForwhatpurposesdoyoustudyEnglish?WhatdoyouneedinlearningEnglish?Howmuchtime,energyandeffortwillyouinvestontoEnglishstudy?HowcanyoulearnCollegeEnglishwell?Etc.12Whatdoyouthinkofthesaying?“Collegeisafountain.”somestudentscometodrink.somestudentscometosip.somestudentscometogargle.Sip:drinkslowly,takingverysmallmouthfuls慢慢品尝Gargle:washyourmouth漱漱口“Luckandpreparationarealwaystogether.”“Luckfavoursthosewhoareprepared.”13Teaching&LearningWaystraditionalway14YourknowledgeaboutELT

Traditionalapproach

ModernapproachTeacher:Learner:Classroom:Outofclass:(inagroupofthree,trytoworkoutthepointsandcollecttheideas,thenpresent/sharetheminclass)15YourChoice/preferenceATraditionalapproachBmodernapproachCtraditional+modernapproachesDmodern+traditionalapproachesWhy?16Traditional

ModernTeacher-centredvslearner-centredInstruction/text-basedvstask-basedLanguageknowledgefocusedvsskillfocusedPapertestvsperformancetestMark-mindedvsabilitydevelopedIndividuallearningvscooperativelearningSpoon-feedingbyteachervsautonomouslearning“Classroomese”exercisesvsreal-worldlikepractice

“Bookworm”vshumanresources/talentsThefeaturesoftheELTinSummary17WhatisCollege?ModernHigherEducational

Missions

LearntoknowknowledgeLearntodoskill/abilityLearntolivetogetherattitude/strategiesLearntobequality18Knowledge:linguistic,cultural(ChineseandWestern,English-speakingcountries,cross-culturalcommunication),commonknowledgeonscienceandarts,etc.Skills/methods,capabilities:learntolearn.learntodothings(writing,presenting,debating,questioning,arguing,organizing,dealingwithproblems,copingrelationships,handlingmatters,etc.todevelopyourcapabilities,personalandinterpersonal,academicandsocialAttitude:teamspirit,learncooperatively,completetasks/projectsQuality:Well-educatedandcultivatedhumanbeing,qualifiedhumanresources,talents,holisticdevelopedwithexpertise19Whataretheuniversitystudents?Higher-educatedhumanresourcesHighly-qualifiedHumanbeing:intellectualbeing,thinkingbeing,emotionalbeing,intelligentbeing,creativebeing,productivebeing,socialbeing,culturalbeing,globalbeing,valuablebeing

Studentswhowantto,haveto,areabletousetheinternationallanguageeffectivelyforfutureinternationalcommunicationintheworkplaceoracademicfield20WhatisEnglish?21EnglishasaLanguageCommon/popularlanguageInternationallanguageNativelanguageFirstlanguageSecondlanguageMothertongueForeignlanguageOfficiallanguageComputerlanguageWidely-usedlanguageInfluentiallanguageCosmopolitanlanguageUniversal/globallanguageBusinesslanguageScientificlanguageButwhatislanguage?Codesystem,linguisticrulestool,communicativeabilities22EnglishasaToolcommunicationBridginggapsinternetE-mailLearning/studyingHowtomakethetoolusable/workable?Itisamatterof“use”insteadof“usage”!23EnglishasSkillsListeningskillSpeakingskillReadingskillWritingskillTranslatingskillServingskillHowtolearn/command/developskills?Itisamatterof“can”insteadof“know”!24EnglishasMeansConveythoughtsExpressfeelingFindgoodjobsStudyabroadSurviveinthe“globalvillage”CompetewithrivalsPayattentiontothefunctionsandperformance!25EnglishasCulture&CulturesliteraturehistoryreligionbeliefsattitudesvaluesconceptscourtesymannerscustomsInternationalcommunicationiscross-culturalcommunication!Thetargetlanguagecultureandthespeaker’sculturalbackground!26EnglishasBehavioreducationcultivationimagemannersprofitProperbehavior,spokenorwritten,canhelpwinningthebusiness.Inappropriatebehaviorcanresultinlosingthebusiness.27VarietiesofEnglishStandard/RP(receivedpronunciation)/BBC/Oxford/RoyalEnglishScottish,American,AustralianEnglishformalslangwrittenFour-letterwordtaboojargonColonial,Indian,MalaysiaEnglishinformalspokeneuphemismJapaneseEnglish,ChinaEnglishDon’tjustlearntextbookEnglish,classroomEnglishandChineseEnglish!28EnglishLearningPurposesEGP:EnglishforGeneralPurposesESP:EnglishforSpecific/SpecialPurposesEEP:EnglishforEducationalpurposesEAP:EnglishforAcademicPurposesEBP:EnglishforBusinessPurposesEOP:EnglishforOccupationalPurposesEST:EnglishforScienceandTechnologyEMP:EnglishforMedicalPurposesE…P:Don’tlearnEnglishjustforexaminationpurposes!29WhatisCollegeEnglish?CollegeEnglishSyllabus(2007updatededition)Objectives:

Todevelopyourselvesasmodernhumanresourceswithcross-culturalcommunicationknowledgeandcapabilitiesthattheglobalworldneedsToreceivehighereducationthroughlanguagelearningTooperationallycommandEnglishasatoolforinternationalcommunication30

语言知识

语言应用语言策略linguisticSocio-linguistic

strategicLanguageCommunicativeCompetenceLevelsprimarysecondarytertiaryPreliminaryIntermediateadvanced31

MAJORAREASOFENGLISHLESSONSlinguistic&culturalknowledgelanguageskillslearningmethodssocialstrategies&workingabilitiesknowledgeskillabilitymethod32linguistic&culturalknowledgepronunciationgrammarstylisticswordbuildingcultureknow33languageskillslisteningspeakingreadingwritingtranslatingcan34learningmethodsfindinformationusedictionaryProcessknowledgedeductioninductiondealwithgapslearnbyusing/doingcan35socialstrategies&workingabilitiesnegotiatingpersuadingarguingdefendingcooperatingdealingwithrelationshipsolvingproblemscan36personalcapabilities:

bereadytoacceptresponsibilityfortheirownlifelongdevelopment,setrealizablepersonalgoalsandcareerplans,possessthelearningandcommunicationskillsinterpersonalcapabilities:

shareideas,opinionsandexperienceswithothers,workinateam,useoralandwrittenmethodstocommunicateeffectivelyintheworkplacevocationalcapabilities:

dealwithrelationship,handlematters,solveproblems,fulfiltasks,respondtochallenges,etc.人才职场能力发展37Informationtechnologycapabilities:

makeconfidentuseofcomputer-basedsystemsforhandlingtextual,graphicalandnumericalinformationappropriatetothenatureoftheworktheyarelikelytopursueInnovativeandproblemsolvingcapabilities:applytheirtransferableskillstotheexecutionofindividualandgroupprojects,demonstratecreativity,flexibility,perception,decisiveness,confidenceandanawarenessofvalues(CoventryUniversity1997:capabilitiestobedevelopedfortalents)人才职场能力发展38CLASSROOMLESSONSgrammar

SOCIETYLESSONSsituationsfunctionstopicsneedsLESSONSOFPERSONALDEVELOPMENTcommunicativecreativeinitiativeproductivecapablecompetentup-gradedup-datedcooperativeresponsibleintegritedcultivatedefficientindependentconscientious

ExpandingtheClassroom/GettingAwayfrom“Classroomese”skillsvocabularyculturetransferableflexiblesmart39intakeinputoutputnoticeACompleteLanguageLearningProcessOutside-forcedinputSelf-driveninputPurposefulinputMotivated/effectiveinputLack,need,want,must40CollegeEnglishSTUDENTCommunicatorParticipant“fisherman”“athlete”“practitioner”“humanresources”Audience“receptacle”OnlookerFishbuyer“scholar”ActivelearningPassivelearning学生角色Teacher-centredSpoon-feedingStudent-centredAutonomouslearning41

ChangesofELTAnalyzegrammarInput-amountTeaching-basedKnowledge-basedknowText-basedProduct-orientedTeachingassignmentsdeductionScore-mindedinductionAbility-targetedLearningassignmentsProcess-orientedTask-basedLearn“usage”LearntocommunicateLearntol,s,r,wcanSkill-basedOutput-amountLearning-basedUsegrammarLearn“use”CommunicatetolearnL,s,r,wtolearnTraditionalapproachModernapproach42AssessmentofCollegeEnglishPlacementtests(atthebeginning)Achievementtests(attheendofaterm)Proficiencytests(CET-4,CET-6)

ESPcertificatetests(BEC,PET,etc.)Internationalentranceexams(IELTS,TOEFL,GRE,etc.)Jobrecruitmenttests/interviewsbyinternationalenterprises(P&G,Motorola,etc.)43CommunicativeMethodologylearner-centredUse,notjustusageOracyInteractionFluencyaswellasaccuracyAuthenticityDiscourseExchangeofinformationSkillsintegrationlearningbydoing44WhatIsTBEL?Task-basedEnglishLearningApproachPrinciples:

learnbydoing,byfinishingreal-worldtasks,byworkingcooperativelyinateam,bydemonstratingknowledge,skills,creativityandproductivityCriteria:Preparation30%,Participation30%,Performance30%,Reflection10%EndProducts:Theme-based,Multi-media,pptcourseware,teamwork20’-30’presentationandinteraction45TellmeandIforget.TeachmeandIremember.InvolvemeandIlearn.BenjaminFranklinfromNewDirections(PeterS.Gardner)1998CUPWhatislearning?

Learnersareanimportantresourcefortheirowncollectivelearning,andthisresourcecanbeaccessedthroughcollaboration,cooperationandexperientiallearning.fromDesigningTasksforCommunicativeClassroom(DavidNunan)CUP198946forcedstimulatedmotivatedactivatedoutputnoticelackedwantedneededmustencouragedinputPurposefulAuthenticReadingListeningMulti-sourcedCollegeEnglishLearningModel47TheProcessofatask-basedteamwork:Formateam,chooseatopicTradeideas,dividejobsSearch,selectandsequencetheinformationDesigntheinitialcoursewareandclassactivitiesMakeappointmentwithProf./TARevisetheproductPresenttheend-product/organizeactivitiesReceivecommentandevaluationEarncreditsandmakereflections48“Task”meansallkindsofthingsintheworkplaceorintherealworldthatpeoplehavetodo/dealwith/handle/sortoutwithalanguageanditsrelatedabilitiessuchasplanning,organizing,thinking,negotiation,persuasion,explanation,argumentation,defense,evaluation,comment,comparison,decisionmaking,solvingproblems,etc.49InteractiveEnglishFulfillingTasksneeds:involvementengagementteam-workspiritnegotiationSolvingproblems,dealingwithrelationship,real-world/work-placepracticecouragecooperationSkills,capabilities,strategies,creativity,originality50ObservationnarrationDetailedcommentsGlobalevaluationWhatistheteamdoingAlongwiththeprocedurePresentationDemonstrationInteractionGoodpointsSuggestionsScoresTBLObservationsheetByboththeteacherandthestudents51ConcurrentNoting

observationsheetnarrationcommentevaluationsuggestionWhataretheydoingIndetailSpeechPptInteractionGoodpointscoresUn-satisfactionImprove-ment52Criteria3Cs:contents,coherence,creativity-clearincontent-coherentinorganization-creativeindesigning3Ps:preparation,presentation,powerpointslides3–tions:presentation,demonstration,interaction53Presentation:-contents:theme-based,text-related,content-extended，author’spointsofview,team’sinterpretation,class’opinions,perspective,supportive-speech:well-prepared,fluent,clear,talkinsteadofreadingaloud,openingandconcludingremarksDemonstration:-clearthoughtclue,well-arrangedpoints,professionalstructurecomposedoffrontpage,content/outlinepage,acknowledgementandreferences,endpage-creativity:pptdesign,multi-media,varietyofsources,activities,materials(e.g.internetdownload,media,TV,radio,movie,self-DV,VCD,newspaper,magazine,catalogue,photo,picture,ads,scanningdocuments,etc.)activities(games,interview,roleplay,debate,contest,discussion,guess,etc.)Interaction:betweenteammembers,betweenclassmates54Effects:

stimulating,motivating,activating,involving,interesting,languagelearning,communicationpractice,real-worldlikeexperienceStructure:three-steppresentation:Introduction—body--conclusionsix-partpptpages:1）Frontpage:title,theme,presenters,backgroundpicture,2)Outlinepage:components3)Contentpages:sourcesandmeansofmaterials4)Acknowledgementpage5)Referencespage6)EndpageTiming:

20minutesatleast.55VarietiesforDesigning:

1)questions(warming-up,leading-in,open-ended,connected,furtherdown,back-up,developed,student-involving,common-sensed,etc.)2)games/activities(interesting,interactive,dynamic)3)interview(DV,on-site,in-class,outofclass)4)roleplay(prepared,live)5)comparisonbetweenChinaandWest6)debate(forandagainst,proandcon,leftvsright,differentvoices,PK)

56Teacher’sCommentsRecall:whattheteamdidbyreplayingthepptReview:thecriteriaRespond:commentsaboutthegoodpointsfirst,thenwhereandhowtoimproveReflect:lack,need,want,mustGrading:excellent,verygood,good,fair,poor,failedScoresrates:50%ofthetermtotal57Teacher’sObservationandComments(slesbyXJM)Scanningmaterials:1)excellentteamwork2)excellentbutneedimproved3)fairwork4)weak/poorworkXJM’sauthenticnotebooks58FormativeassessmentProcess-orienteddevelopment59Students’ReflectionandFeedback3W:Why,What,HowR:Review,Recall,ReflectForms:Questionnaire,“candostatements”selfevaluationchecklist,wordFormerstudents’feedback,comments,notes(’05,’06,‘07)60Review

RecallReflectTheobjectivesofthecourseyouunderstandThecontentsyougooverThemethodsyouapplyWhatyoudidWhatyoulearntWhatyoudevelopedAttitudeActionAchievementsEncouragementEnlightenmentEnjoymentProblem/difficulty/frustration/pity/regretfeedbacksheetthreeRs:61ExlesofFormerStudents’TBELProducts(‘03-’07)SFLEPBookThreeSFLEPBookFourGenderstudiesCross-culturalcommunicationBusinessEnglishLiberalEnglishSlesforAnalysis:Excellent,fair,poor62ResultsTraditionallearning:Task-basedlearning:63语言是工具:

交流、工作、经商、挣钱、谋职、求学、发展“工欲善其事，必先利其器”。“磨刀不误砍柴工”。语言的功效：

21世纪是信息时代，信息靠语言传递。

21世纪是经济全球化时代，全球化行为需要全球化语言沟通。（世界500强企业例）

21世纪是人才竞争的时代，国际人才的必要条件之一是掌握英语。

21世纪是跨文化交际时代，跨文化交际需要跨国用语/世界普通话。（刘翔在国际赛事上差点吃语言亏例）有人说，WTO是“狼”，那么，“与狼共舞”也要懂得“狼”的语言，要知道“狼”想干什么，要骂人也要让对方听得懂。64RevisionoftheMajorPoints

1 Whatlevelishighereducationat?2 Whatarethehighereducationmissions?3 Whatareuniversitystudentsexpectedtobe?4 WhatkindoflanguageisEnglish?5 WhatarethefunctionsofEnglish?6 WhatarethebasicvarietiesofEnglishlanguage?7 What’sthedifferencebetweenmiddleschoolEnglishlearningandcollegeEnglishlearning?8 WhatarethemajorthingsforcollegestudentstocommandinEnglishcourse?65RevisionoftheMajorPoints（cont。）

9 WhatkindofstudentsarepassiveinEnglishlearning?10 WhatkindofstudentsareactiveinEnglishlearning?11 Howmanykindsofexaminationsareyougoingtodealwith?12 WhatisTask-basedEnglishLearningApproachandwhatareyourequiredtodobythisapproach?

66PeriodsrolesprimarysecondarytertiaryonlineteacherlearnersettingDifferentRolesinDifferentStages67大学英语教学的“四变化”

教学要求变：加强听说能力

教学目标变：发展自主学习能力

教学模式变：课堂人际+网络自主

教学评价变：综合应用能