高中英语语法非谓语动词省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖

NonfiniteVerbs(非谓语动词)1/39谓语：说明主语所做动作或含有特征和状态。它有些人称、数、时态和语态改变。

e.g.Heworks.Hetakescareofthebaby.HewillgotoShanghai.Hedidn’tgotoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.Youarestudents.Youlooksmart.单谓语或动词短语情态动词/助动词+v.系动词+表语2/39非谓语：主要包含不定式（todo），ving形式以及过去分词（done）。无人称，数改变，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，能够有宾语或状语。e.g.Heworks.Hewantstoworkhere.Heisworkingnow.Hehasdonehiswork.Youarestudents,soyoudon’tworkinthefactory.

Beingstudents,youdon’tworkinthefactory.

3/39过去分词不定式V.-ing形式非谓语动词高考题巩固题1巩固题24/39Revision:ThefunctionofV-ing1.Learningaforeignlanguageisveryuseful.2.IenjoylearningEnglish.3.Wecanlearnalotaboutwhatapersonisthinkingbywatchinghisorherbodylanguage.4.Themusicsoundsexciting.5.Myjobisteaching.6.Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.7.Theboystandingthereisaclassmateofmine.8.Wwatchthechildrendivingintothewaterfromthetopboard.9.Hearingasound,thebabystoppedcrying.(adverbial)(subject)(object)

(predicative)(attribute)

(objectcomplement)(attribute)(predicative)(object)5/39V-ingasAdverbial1.Hearingasound,thebabystoppedcrying.2.Hecutofftheelectricity,preventinganaccident.3.Havingbeentoldherdaughterwassick,shehurriedtotheschooltotakeherhome.(not)V-ing(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone4.Havingcutofftheelectricity,hepreventedanaccident.5.Havinglivedinthecountryformanyyears,sheknowshowtogrowvegetables.6.Nothavingreceivedanynewsfromhomeforalongtime,sheisbecomingmoreandmorehomesick.V-ing形式6/39Revision（一）动词不定式todo作用（Thefunctionof“todo”）1.Whatdoesitmeantobeascientist?(subject)2.Nothinginlifeistobefeared

(predicative)3.PeoplewholistentoHawking’slecturessometimesfinditdifficulttounderstandhim.(object)4.Thedoctortoldhimthathemightnothavemorethantwelvemonthstolive.(attribute)5.Hetravelledaroundtheworldtogivelectures.

(adverbial)6.Herushedtoschoolonlytofindtherewasnobodythere.(adverbial)7.Theteacheraskedustowriteacompositionaboutafamousscientist.(objectcomplement)7.Nordidheletthediseasestop

himfromliving…(objectcompement)7/398/39Johnsteppedforwardsoastobeintroducedtothevisitors.2.Annesteppedforwardsoastointroducethevisitorstous.3.Theyseemtohavemeteachotherbefore.Didn’tyounoticethat.4.Theyseemtoknoweachother.5.Whenmothercameintomyroom,Ipretendedtobereadingaletter.6.I’llwritedownyournameandaddresssoasnottoforgetthem.（二）不定式形式、时态与语态小结

(not)todo(not)tobedone(not)tohave(been)done(not)tobedoing9/39过去分词done若是及物动词（vt）则表示被动；动作已经完成（即先于谓语动词）若是不及物动词（vi）则只表示完成。如：abrokenglass=aglasswhichhasbeenbrokenafallen

tree=atreewhichhasfallen(down)1.形式与含义10/392.成份1)作表语

egSheisinterestedinthejob.\Alltheaudiencesaremoved.

2)作定语eg.Tigersandlionsareanimalswhichareendangered.

AllthepeoplewhoareinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.

Tigersandlionsareendangeredanimals.Wecanseealotofleaveswhichhavefallenontheground.AllthepeopleinvitedtothemeetingareVIP.

Wecanseealotoffallenleavesontheground.11/393）作宾补

egSpeakloudersothatyoucanmakeyourselfheard.Wehaveourclassroomcleanedeveryday.4)作状语

（比较：Whenwesawfromthetopofthemountain,wefoundtheviilageverysmall.=Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,wefoundthevillageverysmall.）

eg.Ifitisseenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillagelooksverysmall.Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thevillagelooksverysmall.eg.Theteacherenteredtheroomandhewasfollowedbysomestudents.Theteacherenteredtheroom,followedbysomestudents.12/39判断以下句子中过去分词（done）成份：1.Foldedinhispocket,theletterwasn’tfounduntiltwentyyearslater.2.Nomatterhowhardhetried,hecouldn’tmakehimselfbelieved.3.Wecanseeexcitedexpressiononherface.3.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.4.Shehadherbikerepairedyesterday.5.Wewereallinspiredbyherinspiringspeech.6.Givenanapple,thechildstoppedcrying.7.TheboynamedTomisanorphan.adverbialObjectcomplementattributeadverbialObjectcomplementpredicativeadverbialattribute13/39例4Astherewasnobody，hehadtogoalone.

There______nobody,hehadtogoalone.Iftimepermits,Iwillgotoseeyou.

Time________,Iwillgotoseeyou.Astheworkedhadbeenfinished,hewenttobed.

Thework_______,hewenttobed.beingpermitting当存在不一样主语时，能够用Ving形式独立主格结构。独立主格结构。finished14/39不定式不定式作用例1.___makesmehappytofindthekey.A.ThatB.ItC.WhatD.WhetherB解析：不定式做主语，惯用“it”作为形式主语放于句首，常见句型有itisadj.(forsb.)todosth.不过强调当形容词与人品性相关是改for为of.e.g.Itisniceofyoutosayso.It也可充当形式宾语使用。15/39不定式[例2]NMET第19题I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB解析：该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语使用方法。英语中有一些动词后能够跟一个疑问词不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…不定式作用16/39不定式不定式作用例3:Youarethethirdone_______theroom.A.toenterB.enteringC.enteredA解析：不定式做定语时为后置定语，经常修饰代词anything/something/noting，名词way/chance/opportunity等或由序数词或形容词最高级修饰名词。注意：Ineedapentowritewith.(不及物动词要加介词)17/39[例4]NMET1999第21题Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式解析：因为主语是thepurpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，所以组成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型，故选B。不定式作用18/39不定式不定式作用

在大多数动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二听listento,hear等）须接不带to不定式做宾补,但变为被动态后to不可省略。例5:Youarenotallowed_____thebooksout.A.takingB.totakenC.takeD.totakeD解析：allow使用方法可见allowsb.todo和allowdoingsth.当被改为被动态时，为sb.beallowedtodo.

19/39不定式不定式作用例6：Igotupearlytocatchthebus.Hewentoutnevertoreturn.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.Iamhappytomeetyou.A.AdverbialofpurposeB.AdverbialofresultC.AdverbialofreasonABCB20/39[例7]NMET1997第12题Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式解析：该题考查动词不定式做宾语使用方法。wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，所以B、C、不合题意。Wouldlove+不定式普通式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”意思。不定式时态和语态21/39[例8]NMET第14题Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit.()A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen

比如：ItwasthefirstsuchprojecttobedesignedbyChineseengineers.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillberatherdifficult.

B解析：不定式语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰词逻辑关系,被动关系用被动.22/39不定式[例9]NMET1996年Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC

解析：

该题考查不定式否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式，①

warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.该题应该用①结构另外，not应放在to之前。不定式否定形式23/39V.-ing形式[例]NMET1998

Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeAv.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作状语和定语使用方法Makingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子后面,ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：解析Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed24/39V.-ing形式例2asleepingbabyasleepingbagVing做定语时能够用来修饰名词状态，用途，特点等。

boilingwaterboiledwateranexcitinggameanexcitedman

ving做定语时能够强调动作进行以及主动关系，反之则用过去分词25/39V.-ing形式例3.Iforgot_____mynamewhenIfinished____thecomposition.A.tosign,towritingB.tosign,writingC.signing,writing有些动词后接todo为宾语，而有些则接ving，比如finish,suggest,mind,practise等，但要注意一下动词forget，remember,regret,try，mean等既能够加todo也可加doing，不过意义不一样。B26/39过去分词1.作状语[例1]NMET1996第23题_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC解析：1.该题考查过去分词作状语使用方法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。2.“陷入深思”有两种表示法，A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought,按句子提供语境可用结构B.（比较：Losinghimselfinthought,healmostran…）过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语使用方法。27/39过去分词2.作定语[例2]NMET1997第17题TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C，didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA

①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示动作以完成。②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。③不定式作定语表示将要发生动作。所以A是正确。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.解析28/39过去分词3.作表语[例3]NMET1998第23题Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC解析：该题考查分词作表语使用方法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人酬劳。此题被动结构作表语。类似有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.29/39过去分词4.作补语该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语使用方法。theplan与carryout关系是被动关系。seesth.done这结构常见还有watch(notice,observe,have和make)sth.done.[例4]NMET第22题Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee___thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutC解析30/39历年高考题1.Friendshipislikemoney：easiermadethan______(‘03上海春)A．kept

B．tobekept

C．keeping

D．beingkept

2.____themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement．A．ThepresidentwillattendB．Thepresidenttoattend(‘03上海春)C．ThepresidentattendedD．Thepresident'sattending3.Unless___tospeak，youshouldremainsilentattheconference．A．invitedB．invitingC．beinginvitedD．havinginvited(‘03上春)4.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole______inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive．(‘03上海春)A．tohaveplayed

B．toplayC．tobeplayed

D．tobeplayingADAB31/395.Howaboutthetwoofus____awalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking6.____downtheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.(MET9324)A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn7.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

8.---Imustapologizefor____aheadoftime.---That’sallright.(MET9421)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.

Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.(NMET9422)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding32/39

10.Themissingboyswerelastseen____neartheriver.(NMET9425)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET9434)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written12.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret____that.(NMET9526)A.todob.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.(NMET9535)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto14.---WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?---____hernewbicycle.(97上海13)A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing33/3915.Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.

(97上海12)

A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned16.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_____theflower-linedgarden.

(95上海20)

A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin17.Whileshopping,peoplesometimecan’thelp____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.(96上海14)A.

topursueB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded

18.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.(NMET9921)A.

notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake19.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_____.(99上海19)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone20.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”(NMET9925)A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading34/395.Mrs.Smithwarnedherhusband_____afterdrinkingagainandagain.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive6.Tomasteraforeignlanguage,______.A.alotofpracticeisneededB.itneedsalotofpracticeC.practiceisinneedofD.oneneedsalotofpractice

20.Thelibraryneeds______,butit’llhavetowaituntilSunday.A.cleaningB.becleanedC.cleanD.beingcleaned4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_____isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen1.Hegaveussomeadviceonhow____English.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learn2.It’sapayday，andtheyarewaiting____.A.payB.payingC.paidD.tobepaid3.---Alettermaybetooslow.----Whynot____atelegram.A.trysendingB.trytosendC.totrysendingD.tryingtosend巩固练习CDABAD35/391._____isagoodofexerciseforboththeyoungandtheold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk2.Whenandwheretobuildthenewpowerstation______yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided3.Is______necessarytochangetrainsatBeijing?A.this B.that C.it D.he4.Ourfatheroftentoldusinthepastthat_____isbelieving.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.tobeseen5.Shepretended____theletterIwrotethedaybeforeyesterday.A.nottoreceiveB.notreceivingC.nottohearfromD.havingnotreceived6.Ican’timagine_____thatwithsuchafamousauthor.A.workB.toworkC.tobeworkingD.workingNon-infinitive36/3914.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire____allnight.A.toburnB.burnC.burningD.burned15.Themurdererwa