合作语言教学法省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖

CooperativeLanguageLearningContentsDefinitionofCLLTheoreticalbackgroundofCLLDesignConclusionsCooperativeLanguageLearning(CLL)ispartofamoregeneralinstructionalapproachalsoknownas

CollaborativeLearning(CL)Cooperativelearningisgrouplearningactivityorganizedsothatlearningisdependentonthesociallystructuredexchangeofinformationbetweenlearnersingroupsandinwhicheachlearnerisheldaccountableforhisorherownlearningandismotivatedtoincreasethelearningofothers.(OlsenandKagan1992:8)DefinitionCommunicativeapproach

IntheESLclassroom,CLLisseenasanextensionofCommunicationLanguageTeachingthattendstobemorelearner-centered.TheoreticalBackgroundConstructivismJohnDewey(1913)isusuallyconsideredtohavefoundedthetheoryofconstructivism;hedisapprovedofapproachesthatsawstudentssimplyasrecipientsoftheteacher’sknowledgebutfavoredmethodsthatallowedstudentsto“constructtheirownknowledgethroughexperienceandproblemsolving”(Larsen-Freeman&Anderson2011,p.151).

TypesoflearningandteachingactivitiesFormalcooperativelearninggroups:Theselastfromoneclassperiodtoseveralweeks.Theseareestablishedforaspecifictaskandinvolvestudentsworkingtogethertoachievesharedlearninggoals.Informalcooperativelearninggroups:Thesearead-hocgroupsthatlastfromafewminutestoaclassperiodandareusedtofocusstudentattentionortofacilitatelearningduringdirectteaching.Cooperativebasegroups:Thesearelongterm,lastingforatleastayearandconsistofheterogeneouslearninggroupswithstablemembershipwhoseprimarypurposeistoallowmemberstogiveeachotherthesupport,help,encouragement,andassistancetheyneedtosucceedacademically.OlsenandKagan(1992)proposethefollowingkeyelementsofsuccessfulgroup-basedlearninginCL:PositiveinterdependenceGroupformationIndividualaccountabilitySocialskillsStructuringandstructuresCoelho(1992b:132)describesthreemajorkindsofcooperativelearningtasksandtheirlearningfocus,eachofwhichhasmanyvariations.1.Teampracticefromcommoninput–skillsdevelopmentandmasteryoffacts2.Jigsaw:differentiatedbutpredeterminedinput–evaluationandsynthesisoffactsandopinions.3.Cooperativeprojects:topics/resourcesselectedbystudents–discoverylearningThree-stepinterviewRoundtableThink-Pair-ShareSolve-Pair-ShareNumberedHeadsCooperativelearningActivities

Learnerroles

Theprimaryroleofthelearnerisasamemberofagroupwhomustworkcollaborativelyontaskswithothergroupmembers.Learnershavetolearnteamworkskills.Learnersarealsodirectorsoftheirownlearning.Theyaretaughttoplan,monitor,andevaluatetheirownlearning,whichisviewedasacompilationoflifelonglearningskills.Thus,learningissomethingthatrequiresstudents’directandactiveinvolvementandparticipation.TeacherrolesTheroleoftheteacherinCLLdiffersfromtheroleofteachersintraditionalteacher-centeredlesson.Theteacherhastocreateahighlystructuredandwell-organizedlearningenvironmentintheclassroom,settinggoals,planningandstructuringtasks,establishingthephysicalarrangementoftheclassroom,assigningstudentstogroupsandroles,andselectingmaterialsandtime.

ConclusionsAdvantagesCLLemphasizesstudent-centeredteaching.Itmakesclassactive.Itbenefitsstudentsfordevelopingtheircommunicativecompetencethroughsociallystructuredinteractionactivities.DisadvantagesSomequestioneditsusewithlearnersofdi