高考英语语法非谓语动词课件

非谓语动词非谓语动词的定义非谓语动词的特征：可以做主语、宾语等多种句子成分，但唯独不能做谓语具有各种形态：原形、主动语态、被动语态、进行时态和完成时态。具有动词的功能，如可以带宾语，但不具有语法上的动词性质,如没有人称和数的变化。非谓语动词是指在句中不做谓语的动词。非谓语动词的三种形式非谓语动词动词不定式动词的-ing形式动词的-ed形式非谓语动词—动词不定式的功能动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作补语动词不定式作状语（目的状语、结果状语）动词不定式作定语动词不定式作主语动词不定式作表语动词不定式作宾语后带不定式的动词常见的有：afford,agree,aim,appear,ask,claim,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,prepare,refuse,seek,swear,undertake,want,wish等一、及物动词+不定式tosolvetoshowYoucandecidewhether

(continue)or

(stop).Iwillshowyouhowto

(deal)withit.动词不定式作宾语常见的疑问代（副）词有：what,when,where,which,how,whether等二、动词+疑问代/副词+不定式tocontinuetodealtostopIfind

difficult

(finish)alltheworkbefore9o’clock.Sheconsiders

important

(learn)English.动词不定式作宾语三、不定式用it

代替，it充当形式宾语，而不定式作为真正的宾语放到后面tofinishittolearnitSheopenedthewindowtogetsomefreshair.Myfathergotupearlyinordertohaveenoughtimetopack.Heleftearlysoasnottomissthelasttrain.动词不定式作状语一、作目的状语todo可以与inorderto/soasto相互替换，均表示“为了”Weregrettotellyouthatwewon'tbepermittedtoattendtheceremony.Thecouplewasluckytohavefoundtheirlostchild.动词不定式作状语二、作原因状语通常作原因状语的不定式结构有：表示情绪、心理状态的形容词（glad/sad/surprised/sorry/anxious）+不定式表示运气好坏的形容词（lucky/fortunately/unfortunately）+不定式表示行为表现的形容词（kind/thoughtful/careless/foolish）+不定式Sarahgottothestationonlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.Hisworkwassogoodastomakehimwell-knowninthecity.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.Itiscoldenoughtofreezeourfingers.动词不定式作状语一、作结果状语so...asto/such...asto/too...to/enoughto动词不定式作补语一、作宾语补语1.表感觉：see/hear/watch/feelsbdosth2.表致使：have/let/makesbdosth;getsbtodosthI

sawhimdoexerciseintheparkthismorning.I

heardmymomsinginthekitchen.Thisdressmakesmelookstrong.动词不定式作补语一、作宾语补语3.词组动词：arrangefor/askfor/relyonsbtodosth4.表心理状态：consider/prove/think/believe/imaginesbtobesthIwillaskformyparentstohelpifIgetintotrouble.WeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.动词不定式作补语一、作宾语补语动词不定式作补语二、作主语补语常用不定式作主语补足语的结构有：besaid/reported/thought/believed/known/supposed+todo(be)sth.Youaresupposedtoobeytherulesinschool.Theoldhouseissaidtobehaunted.Itisdifficult

(finish)alltheworkbefore9o’clock.Itisimportant

(learn)English.动词不定式作主语不定式作句子主语时，通常用it

充当形式主语，而不定式作为真正的主语放到后面tolearntofinishItisnotnecessary

us

(finish)alltheworktonight.Itisimportant

allthestudents

(learn)Englishwell.动词不定式作主语不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语，通常可以通过forsb.todosth.的结构表达:tolearntofinishforforItiskind

you

(tell)methetruth.Itisimpolite

him

(offend)histeacher.动词不定式作主语当描述人物性格特征的形容词如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,

nice,

silly,

stupid等作表语时，则用of来引导出不定式的逻辑主语，即ofsb.todosth.结构tooffendtotellofofTherewasnothing

(fear).Ihavealotofhomework

(do).动词不定式作定语一、被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语，即中心语与不定式是动宾关系tofeartodo如果不定式结构中的动词是不及物动词，则后面需要加上相应的介词Thelittlegirlneedafriend

(play).Hehasnoroomto

(live).toliveintoplaywithHaveyougotthekey

(unlock)thedoor.Thehospitalisinneedofnurses

(lookafter)patients.动词不定式作定语二、被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语，即中心语与不定式是主谓关系tounlocktolookafter动词不定式作定语三、被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位语这类名词词组通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、能力、意向等意义的名词如ability,attempt,effort,impulse,inclination,wish以及thefirst,thesecond,thelast,theonly等名词词组Thefirstthingistolistentoyourteachercarefully.Ourdutyistocleanthisclassroom.Whathehopedwastobeadmittedtotheuniversity.WhatIwanttosayistoforgetalltheunhappiness.动词不定式作表语不定式作表语对主语起补充说明作用主语通常是以aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,

wish等名词为中心的短语，或以what引导的名词性从句非谓语动词—-ing分词的功能-ing分词作定语-ing分词作补语-ing分词作状语-ing分词作主语-ing分词作宾语-ing分词作表语ThatsleepingboyisTom.fallingleavestherisingsunthemantalkingwithmyfatherCouldyoutellthechildrenplayingoutsidenottomaketoomuchnoise?-ing分词作定语若是单词，则一般放在名词前作前置修饰语；若是短语，则一般放在名词后作后置修饰语。Weallfoundhisequipmentinteresting.(equipment和interesting是主表关系)IsawMarygoingupstairsthen.(Mary和goupstairs是主谓关系)-ing分词作补语现在分词在句中作宾语补足语时，与宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。常用于表示主谓关系的结构：feel/see/watch/hear/find/notice/keepsbdoingsth-ing分词作补语作形容词补足语-ing分词作状语一、作时间状语Havingworkedallday,Iwasreadyforbedby8o'clock.

(be)ill,Marydidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.二、作原因状语SeeingBeing-ing分词作状语

(Arrange)yourtimeappropriately,youcanbalancestudyandentertainment.三、作条件状语四、作让步状语Though

(rain)heavily,itclearedupverysoon.

(weigh)100kg,thestonewasmovedbyhimselfalone.rainingWeighingArranging-ing分词作状语Itrainedheavily,

(cause)severefloodinginthatarea.Theoldmandied,

(leave)nothingbutdebts.Ourteacherwentintotheclassroom,

(hold)abookinherhand.Hesatbytheroadside,

(beg).五、作结果状语六、作伴随状语causingleavingholdingbegging-ing分词作主语Readingisanart.一、直接位于句首Itisnousetellinghimnottoworry.二、it

作形式主语，动名词放在句末三、动名词有逻辑主语，则在动名词前加上名词所有格或物主代词-ing分词作宾语Theywentonwalkingandneverstoppedtalking.Markoftenattemptstoescapebeingfinedwheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.一、作动词宾语只能带-ing分词的动词及动词短语常见的有：admit,suggest,keep,mind,escape,practice,enjoy,risk,finish,avoid,delay,putoff,lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto,dependon,beusedto,burstout,

succeedin-ing分词作宾语tricksbintodoingsthtalksbintodoingsthtrapsbintodoingsthstopsbfromdoingsthkeepsbfromdoingsthpreventsbfromdoingsth二、作介词宾语：动词+（宾语）+介词+-ing分词-ing分词作宾语二、作介词宾语：形容词+介词+-ing分词Whoisresponsibleforbreakingthewindows?二、作介词宾语：名词+介词+-ing分词TheprofessorprovideduswithmanywaysoflearningEnglish.-ing分词作表语-ing分词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。

-ing分词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。如果句中的主语和表语同为动词时，要注意保持两个动词在形式上的一致。Thenewswas

(disappoint).Whatpleaseshimmostis

(bath)inthesea.Myhobbyispainting.=Paintingismyhobby.Seeingisbelieving.disappointingbathing非谓语动词—-ed分词的功能-ed分词作定语-ed分词作状语-ed分词作补语-ed分词作表语-ed分词作定语过去分词作定语时，相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。它所修饰的名词、代词与之构成被动关系。Wemustadaptourthinkingtothe

(change)conditions.The

(retire)manwasveryinterestedinpainting.→

Wemustadaptoutthinkingtotheconditionsthathavebeenchanged.→

Themanwhohadretiredwasveryinterestinginpainting.changedretired-ed分词作定语过去分词作定语时，相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。它所修饰的名词、代词与之构成被动关系。Thewitnesses

bythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.questionedbeingquestionedtobequestionedhavingquestioned-ed分词作状语一、作时间状语Heated

(ask)abouthisfamily,hemadenoanswer.

(heat),themetalexpanded.→

Whenhewasaskedabouthisfamily,hemadenoanswer.→

Afterheated,themetalexpanded.Asked-ed分词作状语二、作条件状语Given

(grow)inrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.

(give)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter..→

Iftheseseedsaregrowninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.→

Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Grown-ed分词作状语三、作方式/伴随状语Theboyslippedoutoftheroom,

(follow)byhispetdog.→

Theboyslippedoutoftheroomandwasfollowedbyhispetdog.Rejected四、作让步状语

(reject)manytimes,theman