2019年雅思考试IELTS资料模拟试题及答案10

2019年雅思考试IELTS资料模拟试题及答案10Bytheturnofthecentury,themiddle-classhomeinNorthAmericanhadbeentransformed."Theflowofindustryhaspassedandleftidletheloomintheattic,thesoapkettleintheshed,"EllenRichardswrotein1908.Theurbanmiddleclasswasnowabletobuyawidearrayoffoodproductsandclothing—bakedgoods,cannedgoods,suits,shirts,shoes,anddresses.Notonlyhadhouseholdproductionwaned,buttechnologicalimprovementswererapidlychangingtherestofdomesticwork.Middle-classhomeshadindoorrunningwaterandfurnaces,runonoil,coal,orgas,thatproducedhotwater.Stoveswerefueledbygas,anddeliveryservicesprovidediceforrefrigerators.Electricpowerwasavailableforlamps,sewingmachines,irons,andevenvacuumcleaners.Nodomestictaskwasunaffected.Commerciallaundries,forinstance,hadbeendoingthewashforurbanfamiliesfordecades;bytheearly1900'sthefirstelectricwashingmachineswereonthemarket.Oneimpactofthenewhouseholdtechnologywastodrawsharpdividinglinesbetweenwomenofdifferentclassesandregions.Technologicaladvancesalwaysaffectedthehomesofthewealthyfirst,filteringdownwardintotheurbanmiddleclass.Butwomenwholivedonfarmswerenotyetaffectedbyhouseholdimprovements.Throughoutthenineteenthcenturyandwellintothetwentieth,ruralhomeslackedrunningwaterandelectricpower.Farmwomenhadtohaullargequantitiesofwaterintothehousefromwellsorpumpsforeverypurpose.Doingthefamilylaundry,inlargevatsheatedoverstoves,continuedtobeafullday'swork,justascanningandpreservingcontinuedtobeseasonalnecessities.Heatwasprovidedbywoodorcoalstoves.Inaddition,ruralwomencontinuedtoproducemostoftheirfamilies'clothing.Theurbanpoor,similarly,reapedfewbenefitsfromhouseholdimprovements.UrbanslumssuchasChicago'snineteenthwardoftenhadnosewers,garbagecollection,orgasorelectriclines;andtenementslackedbothrunningwaterandcentralheating.Attheturnofthecentury,variationsinthenatureofwomen'sdomesticworkwereprobablymoremarkedthanatanytimebefore.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?(A)Thecreationoftheurbanmiddleclass(B)Domesticworkattheturnofthecentury(C)ThespreadofelectricalpowerintheUnitedStates(D)OvercrowdinginAmericancities.2.Accordingtothepassage,whatkindoffuelwasusedinastoveinatypicalmiddle-classhousehold?(A)oil(B)coal(C)gas(D)wood3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasahouseholdconvenienceinthepassage?(A)theelectricfan(B)therefrigerator(C)theelectriclight(D)thewashingmachine4.Accordingtothepassage,whowerethefirstbeneficiariesoftechnologicaladvances?(A)Farmwomen(B)Theurbanpoor(C)Theurbanmiddleclass(D)Thewealthy5.Theword"reaped得到，获得，收割，收获"inline23isclosestinmeaningto(A)gained(B)affected(C)wanted(D)accepted6.Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizesthepassage'sorganization?(A)analysisofaquotation(B)chronologicalnarrative(C)extendeddefinition(D)comparisonandcont