2023-2024学年福建省福州市四校教学联盟高一（上）期中英语试卷

2023-2024学年福建省福州市四校教学联盟高一（上）期中英语试卷第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）1．（1.5分）Wherewillthespeakershavelunch？A.Inthepark.B.Intheoffice.C.Inthedininghall.2．（1.5分）WhenwillTheCuckooClockstart？A.At6：00.B.At6：10.C.At7：00.3．（1.5分）Howwilltheboygotoschooltomorrow？A.Bycar.B.Bybus.C.Bybike.4．（1.5分）Wherearethespeakers？A.Inalibrary.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inabookstore.5．（1.5分）Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout？A.Thesky.B.Thesun.C.Theocean.第二节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）6．（3分）（1）Whatarethespeakersdoing？A.Talkingaboutaband.B.Lookingatapicture.C.Enjoyingaperformance.（2）Howoldisthewoman？A.20yearsold.B.22yearsold.C.24yearsold.7．（3分）（1）Whyisthemanstressed？A.He'sbusywiththisweek'sexam.B.Hehasalotofschoolworktodo.C.Theprofessorsdon'tlikehim.（2）Whatwillthewomando？A.Doexercisewiththeman.B.Teachthemantoreadfast.C.Helpwiththeman'sschoolwork.8．（4.5分）（1）Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherjob？A.Challenging.B.Attractive.C.Well﹣paid.（2）Whathasthewomandecidedtodo？A.Tryforanotherjob.B.Learnanewlanguage.C.Getfull﹣timeeducation.（3）Wherearethespeakersgoing？A.Toaconcerthall.B.Toacompany.C.Toaschool.9．（6分）（1）Whatsizebagdoesthemanwant？A.40cmx60cm.B.60cmx90cm.C.70cmx90cm.（2）Whatcolorbagdoesthemanchoose？A.Blueandwhite.B.Redandwhite.C.Redandgreen.（3）Howmuchwillthemanpay？A.＄300.B.＄200.C.＄100.（4）WhywillthemangetthebagonSaturday？A.Itwillbecheaperonweekends.B.Heneedsitforcampingthisweekend.C.Thecolorhewantsisavailablethisweekend.10．（6分）（1）Howmanyboysarethereinthefirstphoto？A.Four.B.Five.C.Six.（2）Whatisthechildren'sattitudetowardsthescoreofthefootballgame？A.Theydon'tmind.B.Theyfeelupset.C.Theyarepuzzled.（3）Whatarethegirlsinthesecondphotodoing？A.Drinkingcoffee.B.Doingsports.C.Talkingtogether.（4）Whatbenefitdoestheactivityinthesecondphotoprovide？A.Itgivesasenseofwinning.B.Itoffersachancetocommunicatemore.C.Ithelpsthechildrentoimprovephysicalhealth.阅读理解（共两节；每小题6分，满分40分）11．（6分）Volunteeringisagreatwaytodevelopnewskills，gainexperienceandconnectwithothers.Ifyouareinterestedinvolunteering，herearesomerecommendedopportunities.DisabledPeople'sBuddyBecomeabuddytohelpyoungdisabledpeople.Youcandecidehowtospendyourtimetogether，whetherinanartexhibitionoralittleconcert，butremembertotakecareofhimorher.Wehopethatyouunderstandtheimportanceofprotectingpeople'sdignity，communicatewiththempatiently，anddevote3﹣4hourseveryweektotheprojectforatleastsixmonths.AppContentCreatorWe'remakinganapptopromoteprotectionofourplanetfromclimatechange.We'relookingforsomeonewhocaresabouttheclimatecrisisandusesonlinedesigntoolsskilfully.Ifyouareadmitted，youwillworkatleast4hoursperweekfromhometohelppublicizegreenliving，butyouwilllearnalotaboutmarketingandbrandbuilding.VolunteerMapEditorYourprimaryresponsibilityistoupdatestructuredataforTheNationalMapusingourmappingapp.Structuresincludeschools，hospitals，policestations，andotherimportantpublicbuildings.Sincethisisanongoingremotecomputer﹣basedactivity，youcanparticipatefromanywhereyouhavereliableInternetaccessifitsuitsyourschedule.CitizenTVVolunteerMakeachange﹣makingfeaturedocumentarywithus.Youwillresearch，film，andbringtolightsomeinspiringstoriesoverthepast160years.Nopriorskillsarerequired，andyouwillreceiveprofessionalcameratraining.Youwillworkfromdaytonight，sopleasegetyourbodyandmindprepared.（1）Whatshouldyoudoasabuddyofdisabledpeople？A.Discovertheirartistictalents.B.Accompanythemwithrespect.C.Providethemwithmedicalcare.D.Developtheircommunicationskills.（2）Howcanonebenefitfrombecominganappcontentcreator？A.Adoptahealthylifestyle.B.Promotepersonalbrands.C.Takeonlinedesigncourses.D.Acquiremarketingknowledge.（3）Whichvolunteeropportunityisthemostflexibleintermsofworkingtime？A.DisabledPeople'sBuddy.B.AppContentCreator.C.VolunteerMapEditor.D.CitizenTVVolunteer.12．（8分）AlthoughEnglishisnotasoldasChinese，itisspokenbymanypeoplearoundtheworldeveryday.Englishspeakersarealwayscreatingnewwords，andweareoftenabletoknowwheremostwordscomefrom.Sometimes，however，noonemayreallyknowwhereawordcomesfrom.Didyoueverthinkaboutwhyhamburgers（汉堡包）arecalledhamburgers，especiallywhentheyarenotmadewithham（火腿）？Aboutahundredyearsago，somemenwenttoAmericafromEurope.TheycamefromabigcityinGermanycalledHamburg.TheydidnotspeakgoodEnglish，buttheyategoodfood.WhensomeAmericanssawthemeatingroundpiecesofbeef，theyaskedtheGermanswhatitwas.TheGermansdidnotunderstandthequestionandanswered，"WecomefromHamburg."OneoftheseAmericansownedarestaurant，andhadanidea.HecookedsomeroundpiecesofbeeflikethosewhichthemenfromHamburgate.Thenheputeachbetweentwopiecesofbreadandstartedsellingthem.Suchbreadcametobecalled"hamburgers".Today"hamburgers"aresoldinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.Whetherthisstoryistrueornot，itcertainlyisinteresting.Knowingwhyanywordhasacertainmeaningisinteresting.too.Thisreason，formostEnglishwords，canbefoundinanylargeEnglishdictionary.（1）Aboutahundredyearsago，Hamburgwas.A.AnAmericancityB.aChinesecityC.thenameofavillageD.acityinGermany（2）Hamburgersaremainlymadewith.A.beef，breadB.onlymadewithbeefC.bread，potatoD.onlymadewithbread（3）Accordingtothewriter，whichofthefollowingcanoftenbefoundinanylargeEnglishdictionary？A.Whereallthenewwordscomefrom.B.WherethoseGermanscamefrom.C.ThereasonwhyanEnglishwordhasacertainmeaning.D.ThereasonwhyEnglishisspokenaroundtheworld.（4）Accordingtothestory，theword"hamburger"comesfrom.A.ChinabecauseithasalonghistoryB.EnglandbecauseGermansdon'tspeakgoodEnglishC.theroundpiecesofbeefwhichthosepeoplefromHamburgwereeatingD.Englishspeakersbecausetheyalwayscreatenewwords13．（8分）Foryears，you'vebeentoldthatstresscanbedeadlyandissomethingtobeavoided.Therefore，ananxioussituationisoftenaccompaniedbyasenseoffear.However，recentstudiessuggestthatstress﹣relatedharmfuleffectsonyourhealtharenotunavoidable.Onestudyfollowed30，000peopleovereightyearsandmeasuredtheirstresslevels.Thosewhobelievedthatstressisharmfuldiedatahigherratethanthosewhowereunderstressbutdidn'tacknowledgetheso﹣callednegativeeffects.Thelattergroupwashealthier，andmanyofthemlivedlong，happylives.Stressfulfeelingsstartoutinasmallregionofthebrainthataffectshowpeoplefeelemotions，especiallyfear.Thesmallregionisverysensitivetopossiblethreats.Whenitsensesdanger，italertsthebrain，andfeelingsoffearorstresscanresult.Thesefeelingsgivepeopleawarningmessagewhentheyneedtopayattentionandwhentheyneedtotakeaction.Forinstance，whenthesightofaspeedingcartriggers（触发）theregiontoreleasealightning﹣fastmessage，weknowimmediatelytomoveoutoftheway!AnotherstudycarriedbyHealthpsychologistDr.McGonigalfoundalinkbetweenstressandtheamountofsympathypeopleshowedtoothers.Researcherstracked1，000adults，theirdescriptionsofthelevelofstressintheirlivesandtheamountoftimespenthelpingothers.Witheachmajorstressfulevent，suchasafamilytragedyorfinancialcrisis，theriskofdyingincreasedby30percent.Butforthegroupwhospenttimehelpingothers，therewasnoincreaseinstress﹣relateddeaths，evenforthosewhohadfacedtheirownpersonaltragedies.AccordingtoDr.McGonigal，"Chasingmeaningisbetterforyourhealththantryingtoavoiddiscomfort.Goafterwhatitisthatcreatesmeaninginyourlifeandthentrustyourselftohandlethestressthatfollows."（1）Whatdoesthestudyinparagraph2suggest？A.Stresscausedmanydeathsovereightyears.B.Stresswon'thurtyouifyoudon'tacknowledgeitspresence.C.Itisnotthestressbutourresponsetoitthatcreatesproblems.D.Thosewithoutstressusuallylivelongandhappylives.（2）Whatdoweknowaboutstressfromparagraph3？A.Stressisharmfultothebrain.B.Stresscancausedanger.C.Stresscanbeathreattous.D.Stresscanleadtotimelyaction.（3）WhatcanwelearnfromDr.McGonigal'sstudy？A.Peoplewithoutstressspendmoretimecaringothers.B.Stressoftencausesafamilytragedyorfinancialcrisis.C.Stresscanbeavoidedbyhelpingothers.D.Peoplechasingmeaninginlifesufferlessfromstress.（4）Whichmaybethebesttitleforthetext？A.StressIsNotYourEnemy.B.ManCanConquerStress.C.WeNeedRemoveStress.D.StressIsNearlyHarmless14．（8分）Empathyandgenerosityaretwoqualitiesthatarguablymaketheworldgoround.Butastudysuggeststhatthewillingnesstohelpcrasheswhenpeoplegettoolittlesleep.Toproveit，researchersconductedthreeexperimentsdesignedtoexaminetheissuefromtheindividualtothesocietalscale.Inthefirstexperiment，researchersperformedfunctionalmagneticresonance（磁共振）imagingscansofthebrainandquestioned24adultsafteraneight﹣hour﹣sleepnightandafterasleeplessnight.Whentheyrestedwell，theparticipantsscoredwellonahelpingbehaviortest.Butaftersleeploss，78percenthadlessofadesiretohelpothers，evenwhenitcametofriendsandfamily.Thescansshowedthatareasofthebrainsassociatedwithsocialcognition—ourthoughtprocessesrelatedtootherpeople—werelessactivewithsleeploss.Thesecondexperimenttracked136healthyadultsoverfournightsandaskedthemquestionsabouthelpingthefollowingday.Theeffectheldforthem，too.Totesttheeffectsonasocietallevel，theresearchersthenlookedatadatabaseof3millioncharitabledonationsgivenbetween2001and2016.Theyfoundthatimmediatelyfollowingthebeginningofdaylightsavingtime（DST夏令时）—anotorioussleepdisrupter—donationsdropped10percent.Theeffectwasn'tfoundindatafromHawaiiorArizona，however，neitherobserveDST.Whybotherstudyinghowhelpfulpeoplearewhenwedon'tgetenoughshut﹣eye？"We'restartingtoseemorestudies，wheretheeffectsofsleeplossdon'tjuststopattheindividual，butextendtothosearoundus，"saidEtiBenSimon，ascientistwhoco﹣wrotethestudy，inanewsrelease."Ifyou'renotgettingenoughsleep，itdoesn'tjusthurtyourownwell﹣being，ithurtsthatofyourentiresocialcircle，includingstrangers."There'sasilverliningtoallthatungenerousbehavior，theresearcherswrite：Unlikepersonalityquality，sleepcanbemodified—andbothgettingenoughandhelpingothersdothesamemightmakeforabetterworld.（1）Onwhichlevelwerethefirsttwoexperimentsmade？A．Theworldlevel.B．Theindividuallevel.C．Thesocietallevel.D．Thefamilylevel.（2）Whatcanwelearnabouttheexperimentsfromthetext？A．Thesleepqualitydeterminedpeople'sdesiretohelp.B．Ourbrainswouldbecomeinactiveforlackofsleep.C．Thefirsttwoexperiments'resultswerethesame.D．DSTinfluencedthedonationsinallexaminedareas.（3）WhydoresearchersbothertoconductsuchastudyaccordingtoEtiBenSimon？A．Becausetheywanttosolvethesleeplossproblem.B．Becausetheywantmorepeopletodonatemoney.C．Becausesleeplosshasgreaterimpactsthanweassume.D．Becauseitwillpreventpeoplefromhurtingtheirwell﹣being.（4）Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext？A．ScientistsFoundSolidEvidenceforSleepLoss.B．TwoSignificantQualities—EmpathyandGenerosity.C．SoundSleepContributestoaBetterPerson.D．TooLittleSleepMakesPeopleLessGenerous.15．（10分）Thecostoftravelingtoandfromyourdestinationcanbethemostexpensivepartofthetrip．（1）However，youalsodon'twanttoemptyyourbankaccount!Now，wearegoingtosharesomewayswithyoutogetmoreforyourvacationbudget．●Bookaccommodationswithvaluable"freebies"（免费品）．Welovefindingaplacetostaythatoffersfreesbreakfast．Notonlydoesitsavesomecash，butitishugelyconvenient!（2）：Pickahotelthatisconvenienttowhereyouwillbespendingthemosttime．Notonlywillitsaveyouhugeamountsoftime，butitwillsaveyoumoneyonlocaltransportation!●Becreative．（3）．WhenwewenttotheEiffelTower，thelinesfortheelevatorweresuperlong．Wenoticedadifferentlinethatwasshorteraswestoodwaiting．Welearnedthatwecouldtakethestairswithoutwaitinginhardlyanyline，anditwasmuchcheaperthantakingtheelevator!●（4）．Wearealwayslookingforsomethingfreewhenwebuyticketstovisitmuseumsorbookdaytrips．Wheneveryoucancombinedifferentactivitiesintooneprice，andespeciallyifthereisamealinvolved，itcanbeworthit．●Consider"CityPasses"．Youmayhaveseenthemadvertisedallovertourismwebsites．"Citypasses"willgetyouallsortsoffreeadmission，transportationanddiscounts．（5）．A．Don'tgowiththecrowdB．Also，locationisamajorfactorC．YouareluckytohavefreemealsD．CombineactivitieswhenpossibleE．Research"Must﹣See"attractionwebsitesF．Youdon'twanttospendlesstimeonyourtripG．It'saconvenientofferfortouristswhocareabouttheirbudget语言运用（共两节，满分30分）16．（15分）Everynight，evenlongaftermychildhoodyears，shewouldcometome，pushmylonghairoutofthewayandthenkissmyforeheadtosaygoodnight．Idon't（1）whenitstartedtodislikeherhandspushingmyhairthatway．Finally，onenight，Ishoutedather．"Don'tdothat（2）﹣﹣﹣yourhandsaretoorough（粗糙的）!"Shedidn'tsayanything（3）．Butneveragaindidmymother（4）mewiththatfamiliarexpressionofherlove．Butbecauseofmypride，Ididn'ttellherIwas（5）．Asyearspassed，Imissedmymother'shandsandgoodnightkissesuponmy（6）againandagain．Sometimestheincidentseemedveryclose，sometimesfaraway．Butalways（7）appearedinmymind．Nowmymomisinhermid﹣seventies，stilldoingthinsformeandmyfamilywiththosetwohands．MomnolongerhasDad，andonspecial（8），Ifindmyselfdrawnnextdoorto（9）thenightwithher．ItwaslateonThanksgivingEve．AsIsleptinthebedroomofmyyouth，a（10）handhesitantlybrushedthehairfrommyforehead．Thenakiss，everso（11），touchedmybrow．Inmy（12），forthethousandthtime，IthoughtofthenightIsaidtherudewordstomymom．（13）Mom'shandinmyhand，ItoldherhowsorryIwasforthatnight．Butshehadforgotten﹣﹣﹣andforgiven﹣﹣﹣longago．Thatnight，Ifellasleepwithanewappreciationformygentlemotherandher（14）hands．Andtheguilt（愧疚感）Ihadhadforsolongwas（15）tobefound．（1）A．rememberB．repeatC．retellD．reuse（2）A．anyhowB．anymoreC．anytimeD．anyway（3）A．inparticularB．inreplyC．intimeD．inaddition（4）A．trackB．pleaseC．treatD．trust（5）A．angryB．anxiousC．sorryD．terrible（6）A．handB．cheekC．hairD．forehead（7）A．sheB．theyC．heD．it（8）A．dutyB．occasionsC．conditionsD．purpose（9）A．chargeB．takeC．costD．spend（10）A．friendlyB．familiarC．similarD．soft（11）A．rudelyB．gentlyC．suddenlyD．gladly（12）A．memoryB．adulthoodC．youthD．childhood（13）A．TouchingB．CatchingC．FetchingD．Stretching（14）A．worryingB．livingC．tiringD．loving（15）A．somewhereB．anywhereC．nowhereD．everywhere17．（15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Fillineachblankwithoneproperwordortherightformofthegivenword.SouthAfricanEnglishhasalonghistory，butthereareactuallyeleven（1）（office）languagesinSouthAfrica.TheEnglishlanguageinSouthAfricadatesfromthe（2）（arrive）oftheBritishattheCapeofGoodHopein1795.AswasthecaseinmostBritishcolonies，English（3）（introduce）firstbysoldiersandadministrators，thenbymissionaries，settlers，andfortune﹣seekers.Englishtookrootduringthe19thcentury（4）asouthernAfricanlanguage，asaresultoftheBritishsettlementsof1820（intheEasternCape），1848～51（inNatal），andthesubsequent（随后的）rushes（5）thediamondminesofKimberleyandthegoldminesoftheWitwatersrand.ModernSouthAfricanEnglishispartofacomplexlinguisticand（6）（culture）mix.TheConstitutionof1994recognises11officiallanguages，（7）（name）English，Afrikaans，andtheninemajorAfricanlanguages，（8）（include）Zulu，Xhosa，Setswana，andSesotho，aswellas（9）（addition）communityand（10）（religion）languagessuchasKhoisan，Telugu，Hindi，Portuguese，Hebrew，andArabic.根据语境，选择下框中的单词替换句中划线部分的单词或短语，使之意思一致。（共2小题；每小题7分，满分15分）18．（7分）根据语境，选择下框中的单词替换句中划线部分的单词或短语，使之意思一致，无需变形。extremelyotherthanobviouslymakesenserecognizesignupformakeit（1）Asweknow，cancerisconsideredasadeadlydisease.（2）Shefounditterriblydifficulttogetajob.（3）Ithoughtthelittleboywastooyoungtogettothetopofthemountain，buthesucceededatlast.（4）Thetruthwasknowntonooneexceptherself.（5）Itdoesn'tbereasonabletodiscussaboutitoverandoveragain.（6）YoucangotoyourmonitortoregisterforthecompetitionbeforeApril20th.（7）Clearly，wecandrawtheconclusionthatgoodmannersarisefrompolitenessandrespectforothers.19．（8分）根据语境，选择下框中的单词或短语，必要时用正确的形式填空。框中有两个多余的单词或短语。curiouspretendstatuerecommendchallengeeventadmireconfusetakecontrolofmakeanimpression（1）Aliceintroducedherselfconfidentlyonthefirstofschool，whichonme.（2）PisainItalyisafineoldcitywherethebeautifulleaningtowercanbe.（3）Iusuallygohikingforvacation，butIwanttotrysomethingmorethisyear.（4）Theinstructionsonthepackageareclearbut.（5）Theolderteenagerssaythattheythatfreshmenwaituntilthesecondtermbeforetheyjoinateamorclub.（6）WearelookingforwardtoseeingtheTerracottaArmythatisfilledwith.（7）Tom，acleverboywhoisabouteverything，likestoaskquestionsallthetime.（8）Hemaygetayellowcardifafootballertofalldownduringamatch.英汉互译20．（2分）正出于这个原因，我提前毕业了。（强调句）（汉译英）21．（2分）老师们强烈推荐学生要报名游泳课程。（使用recommend从句）22．（2分）人们公认环境污染已经成为最严重的问题之一。（recognize）（汉译英）23．（2分）Afterreachingyourdestination，youwillhaveadaytoexploreandbeamazedbythisancientcity.（英译汉）24．（2分）ThecompetitionhasraisedourinterestinEnglishlearningandprovideuswithagoodchancetoexperiencethemagicpowerofEnglishculture.（英译汉）写作（满分25分）25．（25分）假设你是李华，下周来自英国伦敦姐妹学校的师生交流团受邀来你的家乡游览，你作为学生代表致欢迎辞。请为此写一份发言稿，内容如下：（1）表示欢迎；（2）介绍家乡；（3）表达祝愿。注意：（1）写作词数应为80左右；（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dearteachersandfellowstudents，

2023-2024学年福建省福州市四校教学联盟高一（上）期中英语试卷参考答案与试题解析第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）1．【解答】A2．【解答】C3．【解答】A4．【解答】C5．【解答】C第二节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）6．【解答】BC7．【解答】BA8．【解答】CBA9．【解答】BABA10．【解答】BACB阅读理解（共两节；每小题6分，满分40分）11．【分析】这篇短文主要介绍了一些推荐的志愿者机会，包括成为残疾人的伙伴、成为应用程序内容创作者、成为志愿地图编辑员和成为公民电视志愿者。这些机会可以帮助人们发展新技能、获得经验并与他人建立联系。每个机会都有不同的时间要求和工作内容，但都可以为个人提供学习和成长的机会。【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据DisabledPeople'sBuddy部分Becomeabuddytohelpyoungdisabledpeople.Youcandecidehowtospendyourtimetogether，whetherinanartexhibitionoralittleconcert，butremembertotakecareofhimorher.（成为帮助残疾青年的伙伴。你们可以决定如何共度时光，无论是去看艺术展还是听小型音乐会，但要记得照顾他或她。）可知作为残疾人的朋友，应该带着尊重陪伴他们。故选B。（2）细节理解题。根据AppContentCreator部分Ifyouareadmitted，youwillworkatleast4hoursperweekfromhometohelppublicizegreenliving，butyouwilllearnalotaboutmarketingandbrandbuilding.（如果你被录取，你将每周在家工作至少4个小时，以帮助宣传绿色生活，但你将学到很多关于市场营销和品牌建设的知识。）可知从成为应用内容创造者中获的益是：获取市场营销知识。故选D。（3）推理判断题。根据VolunteerMapEditor部分Sincethisisanongoingremotecomputer﹣basedactivity，youcanparticipatefromanywhereyouhavereliableInternetaccessifitsuitsyourschedule.（由于这是一项基于远程计算机的活动，如果适合你的日程安排，你可以在任何有可靠互联网接入的地方参加。）可知VolunteerMapEditor的工作时间最灵活。故选C。【点评】1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。12．【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了英语中词汇的来历，以汉堡包为例，说明了了解一些单词的来历是一件非常有趣的事情。【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Aboutahundredyearsago，somemenwenttoAmericafromEurope.TheycamefromabigcityinGermanycalledHamburger.（大约一百年前，一些人从欧洲去了美国。他们来自德国一个叫汉堡的大城市）可知，大约100年前，汉堡是德国一个城市的名字。故选D。（2）细节理解题。根据第二段HecookedsomeroundpiecesofbeeflikethosewhichthemenfromHamburgate.Thenheputeachbetweentwopiecesofbreadandstartedsellingthem.（他煮了一些圆形的牛肉，就像汉堡人吃的那样。然后，他把每一片牛肉夹在两片面包中间，开始卖。）可知汉堡主要是用牛肉、面包做成的。故选A。（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段Knowingwhyanywordhasacertainmeaningisinteresting，too.Thisreason，formostEnglishwords，canbefoundinanylargeEnglishdictionary.（知道为什么任何单词都有一定的含义也是很有趣的。大多数英语单词的来历都可以在任何一本大的英语词典中找到）可知，在任何一本大英文字典里都可以查到英语单词有一定含义的原因。故选C。（4）细节理解题。根据第二段HecookedsomeroundpiecesofbeeflikethosewhichthemenfromHamburgerate.Thenheputeachbetweentwopiecesofbreadandstartedsellingthem.Suchbreadcametobecalled"hamburgers".Today"hamburgers"aresoldinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.（他做了一些圆形的牛肉片，就像来自汉堡的人吃的那样。然后他把每个牛肉片夹在两片面包中间，开始卖。这种面包后来被称为"汉堡包"。如今，"汉堡包"在世界许多国家都有销售）可知，汉堡包来自于从德国汉堡到美国的那些人吃的食物。故选C。【点评】阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。13．【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文通过科学研究得出压力本身不会给我们带来问题，我们对压力的态度影响了生活。【解答】（1）C．推理判断题。根据第二段"Onestudyfollowed30，000peopleovereightyearsandmeasuredtheirstresslevels.Thosewhobelievedthatstressisharmfuldiedatahigherratethanthosewhowereunderstressbutdidn'tacknowledgetheso﹣callednegativeeffects.Thelattergroupwashealthier，andmanyofthemlivedlong，happylives.（一项研究对30000人进行了为期八年的跟踪调查，并测量了他们的压力水平。那些认为压力有害的人的死亡率高于那些处于压力下，但不承认所谓的有负面影响的人。后一组人更健康，他们中的许多人生活幸福且长寿）"可知，死亡率高的测试组中的人们认为压力有害，另一组则不认为压力有不良影响，由测试的研究结果可见，造成问题的不是压力，而是我们对压力的态度。故选C。（2）D．推理判断题。根据第三段"Whenitsensesdanger，italertsthebrain，andfeelingsoffearorstresscanresult.Thesefeelingsgivepeopleawarningmessagewhentheyneedtopayattentionandwhentheyneedtotakeaction.Forinstance，whenthesightofaspeedingcartriggers（触发）theregiontoreleasealightning﹣fastmessage，weknowimmediatelytomoveoutoftheway!（当它感觉到危险时，它会提醒大脑，从而产生恐惧或压力的感觉。当人们需要注意和采取行动时，这些感觉会给他们一个警告信息。例如，当看到一辆超速行驶的汽车时，该区域会快速地释放出信号，我们立即知道要让开！）"可知，压力感（feelingsofstress）会给人们发出信息，从而让人做出应变，及时采取行动。故选D。（3）D．推理判断题。根据最后一段中"Witheachmajorstressfulevent，suchasafamilytragedyorfinancialcrisis，theriskofdyingincreasedby30percent.Butforthegroupwhospenttimehelpingothers，therewasnoincreaseinstress﹣relateddeaths，evenforthosewhohadfacedtheirownpersonaltragedies.（每发生一次重大压力事件，如家庭悲剧或金融危机，死亡风险都会增加30%。但对于那些花时间帮助他人的人来说，与压力相关的死亡人数没有增加，即使是那些曾经经历过个人悲剧的人）"及"Chasingmeaningisbetterforyourhealththantryingtoavoiddiscomfort.（追求生活的意义比避免生活中的不幸对你的健康更好）"可知，追求生活意义的人承受的压力更小。故选D。（4）A．标题判断题。本文通过科学研究得出压力本身不会给我们带来问题，我们对压力的态度影响了生活，结合最后一句"Goafterwhatitisthatcreatesmeaninginyourlifeandthentrustyourselftohandlethestressthatfollows.（追求在生活中创造意义的东西，然后相信自己能够处理随之而来的压力）"可知，"StressIsNotYourEnemy（压力不是你的敌人）"适合作为本文的标题。故选A。【点评】阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。14．【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项研究表明，当人们睡眠太少时，帮助别人的意愿就会崩溃。文章解释了研究开展的过程以及睡眠的重要性。【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段Inthefirstexperiment，researchersperformedfunctionalmagneticresonance（磁共振）imagingscansofthebrainandquestioned24adultsafteraneight﹣hour﹣sleepnightandafterasleeplessnight.（在第一个实验中，研究人员对24名成年人的大脑进行了功能性磁共振成像扫描，并对他们进行了8小时的睡眠和一个不眠之夜的询问）以及第四段Thesecondexperimenttracked136healthyadultsoverfournightsandaskedthemquestionsabouthelpingthefollowingday.（第二项实验对136名健康成年人进行了为期4个晚上的跟踪调查，并询问了他们关于第二天帮助他人的问题）可知，前两个实验是在个人层面上进行的。故选B。（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Whentheyrestedwell，theparticipantsscoredwellonahelpingbehaviortest.Butaftersleeploss，78percenthadlessofadesiretohelpothers，evenwhenitcametofriendsandfamily.Thescansshowedthatareasofthebrainsassociatedwithsocialcognition—ourthoughtprocessesrelatedtootherpeople—werelessactivewithsleeploss.（当他们休息得很好时，参与者在帮助行为测试中得分也很高。但睡眠不足后，78%的人不太愿意帮助别人，即使是朋友和家人。扫描结果显示，大脑中与社会认知有关的区域——我们与他人相关的思维过程——在睡眠不足的情况下变得不那么活跃）以及第四段Theeffectheldforthem，too.（这种效应也适用于他们）可知，前两个实验的结果是一样的。故选C。（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"We'restartingtoseemorestudies，wheretheeffectsofsleeplossdon'tjuststopattheindividual，butextendtothosearoundus，"saidEtiBenSimon，ascientistwhoco﹣wrotethestudy，inanewsrelease."Ifyou'renotgettingenoughsleep，itdoesn'tjusthurtyourownwell﹣being，ithurtsthatofyourentiresocialcircle，includingstrangers."（"我们开始看到越来越多的研究表明，睡眠不足的影响不仅局限于个人，还会影响到我们周围的人，"该研究的合著者、科学家EtiBenSimon在一份新闻稿中说。"如果你睡眠不足，这不仅会损害你自己的健康，还会损害你整个社交圈的健康，包括陌生人。"）可知，根据EtiBenSimon的说法，研究人员要进行这样的研究是因为睡眠不足的影响比我们想象的要大。因此C．Becausesleeplosshasgreaterimpactsthanweassume.（因为睡眠不足的影响比我们想象的要大。）符合题意。故选C。（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段Empathyandgenerosityaretwoqualitiesthatarguablymaketheworldgoround.Butastudysuggeststhatthewillingnesstohelpcrasheswhenpeoplegettoolittlesleep.（同理心和慷慨可以说是使世界运转的两种品质。但一项研究表明，当人们睡眠太少时，帮助别人的意愿就会崩溃）结合文章主要说明了一项研究表明，当人们睡眠太少时，帮助别人的意愿就会崩溃。文章解释了研究开展的过程以及睡眠的重要性。可知，D选项"睡眠太少会让人不够慷慨"最符合文章标题。故选D。【点评】一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。二、看题干，带着问题读文章。首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。15．【分析】本文是一篇选句填空，文章主要介绍了往返目的地的费用可能是旅途中最昂贵的部分．就此作者分享一些方法来节约假期预算．【解答】1．F．文章衔接题．根据前文Thecostoftravelingtoandfromyourdestinationcanbethemostexpensivepartofthetrip．可知往返目的地的费用可能是旅途中最昂贵的部分．F项：Youdon'twanttospendlesstimeonyourtrip．你不想在旅途上少花点时间．符合文意，故选F．2．B．上下文串联．根据前文Notonlydoesitsavesomecash，butitishugelyconvenient!可知它不仅节省了一些现金，而且非常方便!根据后文Pickahotelthatisconvenienttowhereyouwillbespendingthemosttime．可知选择一个方便的酒店，在那里你将花费最多的时间．B项：Also，locationisamajorfactor．此外，位置也是一个重要因素．符合