2020全国研究生统一考试英语二真题及答案

2020全国研究生统一考试英语二真题及答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank

andmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwouldliketobe.But

definingwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery_1_,

particularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.A

calm,rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortofparenting

than,_2_,ayoungersibling.

_3_,there'sanothersortofparentthat'sabiteasierto_4_:apatient

parent.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still,_5_every

parentwouldliketobepatient,thisisnoeasy_6_.Sometimesparentsget

exhaustedandfrustratedandareunabletomaintaina_7_andcomposed

stylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis.

You'reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan_8_youjustalittletoofar.

Andthenthe_9_happens:Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamat

yourkidsorsaysomethingthatwasabittoo_10_anddoesnobodyany

good.Youwishthatyoucould_11_theclockandstartover.We'veallbeen

there.

_12_,eventhoughit'scommon,it'simportanttokeepinmindthatina

singlemomentoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay

_13_foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwith

yourchildbutalso_14_yourchild'sself-esteem.

Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour_15_withyourkids,thenyouareinadvertently

modelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecoming

increasinglyawareofthe_16_ofmodelingtoleranceandpatienceforthe

youngergeneration.Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,

theabilitytoemotionallyregulateormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen_17_

bystressisoneofthemostimportantofalllife'sskills.

Certainly,it'sincredibly_18_tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyour

children.Amorepracticalgoalistotry,tothebestofyourability,tobeas

tolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwith_19_situations

involvingyourchildren.Icanpromiseyouthis:Asaresultofworkingtoward

thisgoal,youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand_20_fromstressful

momentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally.

1.AtediousBpleasantCinstructiveDtricky

2.AinadditionBforexampleCatonceDbyaccident

3.AfortunatelyBoccasionallyCaccordinglyDeventually

4.AamuseBassistCdescribeDtrain

5.AwhileBbecauseCunlessDonce

6.AanswerBtaskCchoiceDaccess

7.AtolerantBformalCrigidDcritical

8.AmoveBdragCpushDsend

9.AmysteriousBillogicalCsuspiciousDinevitable

10.AboringBnaiveCharshDvague

11.AturnbackBtakeapartCsetasideDcoverup

12.AoverallBinsteadChoweverDotherwise

13.AlikeBmissCbelieveDregret

14.AraiseBaffectCjustifyDreflect

15.AtimeBbondCraceDcool

16.AnatureBsecretCimportanceDcontext

17.AcheatedBdefeatedCconfusedDconfronted

18.AterribleBhardCstrangeDwrong

19.AtryingBchangingCexcitingDsurprising

20.AhideBemergeCwithdrawDescape

1-10DBACABACDC

11-20ACDBDCDBAB

SectionnReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40

points)

Text1

Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromothers

sothatcanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindout

ifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,

SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignals

formroboticrats.

Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat-onesocialandone

asocial-for5ourdays.Therobotsratswerequiteminimalist,resemblinga

chunkierversionofacomputermousewithwheels-tomovearoundand

colorfulmarkings.

Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,

playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcageddoorstolettrappedratsescape.

Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandside

toside

Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratsthe

opportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.

Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaverageto

setthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattherats

perceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebonded

morewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviourslikecommunal

exploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghaving

freeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheyget

trapped,saysQuinn.

Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenits

minimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembleda

simpleplasticboxonwheels."We'dassumedwe'dhavetogiveitamoving

headandtail,facialfeatures,andputasceneonittomakeitsmelllikeareal

rat,butthatwasn'tnecessary,"saysJanetWilesattheUniversityof

QueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththeresearch.

Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycome

frombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellow

beings,evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals."Wehumansseem

tobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,"saysWiles.

21.Quinandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan

[A]pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats

[B]distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone

[C]attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining

[D]sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellow

22.Whatdidthesocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?

[A]Itfollowedthesocialrobot.

[B]ltplayedwithsometoys.

[C]Itsetthetrappedratsfree.

[D]ltmovedaroundalone.

23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecause

they________

[A]triedtopracticeameansofescape

[B]expectedittodothesameinreturn

[C]wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence

[D]consideredthataninterestinggame

24.JamesWilesnotesthatrats

[A]canrememberotherrat'sfacialfeatures

[B]differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes

[C]respondmoretocationsthantolooks

[D]canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels

25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats

[A]appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundings

[B]aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals

[C]behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing

[D]aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected

21-25ADBCD

Text2

ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup-toponesmaymake300timesthepayof

typicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970sCEOpayforlarge

publiclytradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupby

about500%ThetypicalCEOofatopAmericancorporationnowmakesabout

S18.9millionayear.

ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimited

CEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsare

growingrapidly.TheeffortsofAmerica'shighest-earning1%havebeenoneof

themoredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.It'snotpopulartosay,but

onereasontheirpayhasgoneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveupped

theirgamerelativetomanyotherworkersintheU.S.economy.

Today'sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymereskills

thansimplybeingableto"runthecompany"CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseof

financialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.

Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthe

costsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere'sthefactthatlarge

Americancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupply

chainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystem

requiresknowledgethatisfarlymind-bogglingplus,virtuallyallmajor

AmericancompaniesarebeyondthismajorCEOsstillhavetodoallthe

day-to-dayworktheyhavealwaysdone.

ThecommonideathathighCEOpayismainlyaboutrippingpeopleoffdoesn't

explainhistoryverywell.Bymostmeasures,corporategovernmancehas

becomealottighterandmorerigoroussincethe1970s.Yetitisprincipally

duringthisperiodofstrongergovemnancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighand

rising.Thatsuggestsitisinthebroadercorporateinteresttorecruittop

candidatesforincreasinglytoughjobs."

Furthermore,thehighestCEOsalariesarepaidtooutsidecandidates,notto

thecozyinsiderpicks,anothersignthathighCEOpayisnotsomekindof

depredationattheexpenseoftherestofthecompany.Andthestockmarket

reactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEOpayto,say,stockprices,asignthat

thosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenotjustfortheCEO.

26.WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?

[A]Thegrowthinthenumberofcorporations

[B]Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy

[C]Increasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms

[D]Closecooperationamongleadingeconomies

27.Comparedwiththeirpredecessors,today'sCEOsarerequiredto

[A]fosterastrongersenseofteamwork

[B]financemoreresearchanddevelopment

[C]establishclosertieswithtechcompanies

[D]operatemoreglobalizedcompanies

28.CEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970sdespite

[A]continualinternalopposition

[B]strictcorporategovernance

[C]conservativebusinessstrategies

[D]Repeatedgovernmentwarnings

29.HighCEOpaycanbejustifiedbythefactthatithelps

[A]confirmthestatusofCEOs

[B]motivateinsidecandidates

[C]boosttheefficiencyofCEOs

[D]increasecorporatevalue

30.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe

[A]CEOsAreNotOverpaid

[B]CEOPay:PastandPresent

[C]CEOs'challengesofToday

[D]CEOTraits:NotEasytoDefine

26-30CDBDA

Text3

MadridwashailedasapublichealthbeaconlastNovemberwhenitrolledout

ambitiousrestrictionsonthemostpollutingcars.Sevenmonthsandone

electiondaylater,anewconservativecitycouncilsuspendedenforcementof

thecleanairzone,afirststeptowarditspossibledemise.

MayorJoseLuisMartinez-Almeidamadeoppositiontothezoneacentrepiece

ofhiselectioncampaign,despiteitssuccessinimprovingairquality.Ajudge

hasnowoverruledthecity'sdecisiontostoplevyingfines,orderingthem

reinstated.Butwithlegalbattlesahead,thezone'sfuturelooksuncertainat

best.

Amongotherweaknesses,themeasurescitiesmustemploywhenlefttotackle

dirtyairontheirownarepoliticallycontentious,andthereforevulnerable.That

sbecausetheyinevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividual

drivers-whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles-ratherthanontothecar

manufacturerswhosecheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution.

It'snothardtoimagineasimilarreversalhappeninginLondon.Thenew

ultra-lowemissionzone(Ulez)islikelytobeabigissueinnextyear'smayoral

election.AndifSadiqKhanwinsandextendsittotheNorthandSouthCircular

roadsin2021asheintends,itissuretosparkintenseoppositionfromthefar

largernumberofmotoristswhowillthenbeaffected.

It'snotthatmeasuressuchasLondon'sUlezareuseless.Farfromit.Local

officialsareusingtheleversthatareavailabletothemtosafeguardresidents'

healthinthefaceofaseriousthreat.Thezonesdodeliversome

improvementstoairquality,andthesciencetellsusthatmeansrealhealth

benefits-fewerheartattacks,strokesandprematurebirths,lesscancer,

dementiaandasthma.Feweruntimelydeaths.

Butmayorsandcouncillorscanonlydosomuchaboutaproblemthatisfar

biggerthananyonecityortown.Theyareactingbecausenational

governments-BritainsandothersacrossEurope-havefailedtodoso.

Restrictionsthatkeephighlypollutingcarsoutofcertainareas-citycentres,□

schoolstreets",evenindividualroads-arearesponsetotheabsenceofa

largerefforttoproperlyenforceexistingregulationsandrequireauto

companiestobringtheirvehiclesintocompliance.Waleshasintroduced

speciallowspeedlimitstominimisepollution.Weredoingeverythingbutinsist

thatmanufacturerscleanuptheircars.

31.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMadrid'scleanairzone?

[A]Itseffectsarequestionable

[B]lthasbeenopposedbyajudge

[C]Itneedstougherenforcement

[D]Itsfateisyettobedecided

32.Whichisconsideredaweaknessofthecity-levelmeasurestotackledirty

air?

[A]Theyarebiasedagainstcarmanufacturers.

[B]Theyproveimpracticalforcitycouncils.

[C]Theyaredeemedtoomildforpoliticians.

[D]Theyputtoomuchburdenonindividualmotorists.

33.TheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofLondon'slllezwill.

[A]arousestrongresistance.

[B]ensureKhan'selectoralsuccess.

[C]improvethecitystraffic.

[D]discouragecarmanufacturing.

34.Whodoestheauthorthinkshouldhaveaddressedtheproblem?

[A]Localresidents

[B]Mayors.

[C]Councilors.

[D]Nationalgovernments.

35.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatautocompanies.

[A]willraiselow-emissioncarproduction

[B]shouldbeforcedtofollowregulations

[C]willupgradethedesignoftheirvehicles

[D]shouldbeputunderpublicsupervision

31-35DDADB

Text4

NowthatmembersofGenerationZaregraduatingcollegethisspringthemost

commonly-accepteddefinitionsaysthisgenerationwasbomafter1995,give

ortakeayear-theattentionhasbeenrisingsteadilyinrecentweeks.GenZs

areabouttohitthestreetslookingforworkinalabormarketthat'stighterthan

it'sbeenindecades.Andemployersareplanningonhiringabout17percent

morenewgraduatesforjobsintheU.S.thisyearthanlast,accordingtoa

surveyconductedbytheNationalAssociationofCollegesandEmployers.

Everybodywantstoknowhowthepeoplewhowillsooninhabitthoseempty

officecubicleswilldifferfromthosewhocamebeforethem.

If"entitled"isthemostcommonadjective,fairlyornot,appliedtomillennials

(thosebombetween1981and1995),thecatchwordsforGenerationZare

practicalandcautious.Accordingtothecareercounselorsandexpertwho

studythem,GenerationZsareclear-eyed,economicpragmatists.Despite

graduatingintothebesteconomyinthepast50years,GenZsknowwhatan

economictrainwrecklookslike.Theywereimpressionablekidsduringthe

crashof2008,whenmanyoftheirparentslosttheirjobsortheirlifesavingsor

both.Theyaren,'tinterestedintakinganychances.Theboomingeconomy

seemstohavedonelittletoassuagethisunderlyinggenerationalsenseof

anxiousurgency,especiallyforthosewhohavecollegedebt.Collegeloan

balancesintheU.S.nowstandatarecord$1.5trillion,accordingtothe

FederalReserve.

OnesurveyfromAccenturefoundthat88percentofgraduatingseniorsthis

yearchosetheirmajorwithajobinmind.Ina2019surveyofUniversityof

Georgiastudents,meanwhile,thecareerofficefoundthemostdesirabletraitin

afutureemployerwastheabilitytooffersecureemployment(followedby

professionaldevelopmentandtraining,andtheninspiringpurpose).Job

securityorstabilitywasthesecondmostimportantcareergoal(work-life

balancewasnumberone),followedbyasenseofbeingdedicatedtoacause

ortofeelgoodaboutservingthegreatgood.

36.GenerationZsgraduatingcollegethisspring.

[A]arerecognizedfortheirabilities

[B]areinfavorofjoboffers

[C]areoptimisticaboutthelabormarket

[D]aredrawinggrowingpublicattention

37.GenerationZsarekeenlyaware.

[A]whatatougheconomicsituationislike

[B]whattheirparentsexpectofthem

[C]howtheydifferfrompastgenerations

[D]Ihowvaluableacounselorsadviceis

38.Theword"assuage"(line9,para2)isclosetinmeaningto.

[A]define[B]relieve[C]maintain[D]deepen

39.ltcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatGenerationZs.

[A]carelittleabouttheirjobperformance

[B]givetopprioritytoprofessionaltraining

[C]thinkithardtoachievework-Lifebalance

[D]haveaclearideaabouttheirfuturejob

40Michelsenthinksthatcomparedwithmillennials,GenerationZsare

[A]lessrealistic[B]lessadventurous[C]morediligent[D]moregenerous

36-40CBCAB

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemost

suitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraphs(41-45).

Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyour

answersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Givecompliments,justnottoomany.

[B]Putonagoodface,always.

[C]Tailoryourinteractions.

[D]Spendtimewitheveryone.

[E]Reveal,don'thide,information.

[F]Slowdownandlisten.

[G]Putyourselvesinothers'shoes.

FiveWaystoWinOverEveryoneintheOffice

Isitpossibletolikeeveryoneinyouroffice?Thinkabouthowtoughitistoget

together15people,muchless50,whoallgetalongperfectly.Butunlikein

friendships,youneedcoworkers.Youworkwiththemeverydayandyou

dependonthemjustastheydependonyou.Herearesomewaysthatyoucan

getthewholeofficeonyourside

41.

Ifyouhaveabonetopickwithsomeoneinyourworkplace,youmaytrystay

tight-lippedaroundthem.Butyouwon'tbehelpingeitheroneofyou.A

HarvardBusinessSchoolstudyfoundthatobserversconsistentlyratedthose

whowerefrankaboutthemselvesmorehighly,whilethosewhohidlost

trustworthiness.Thelessonisnotthatyoushouldmakeyourpersonallifean

openbook,butrather,whengiventheoptiontoofferupdetailsaboutyourself

orpainstakinglyconcealthem,youshouldjustbehonest.

42._____

Justasimportantasbeinghonestaboutyourselfisbeingreceptivetoothers.

Weoftenfeeltheneedtotellothershowwefeel,whetherit'saconcernabout

aproject,astraythought,oracompliment.Thoseareallvalid,butyouneedto

taketimetohearoutyourcoworkers,too.Infact,rushingtogetyourownideas

outtherecancausecolleaguestofeelyoudon'tvaluetheiropinions.Doyour

besttoengagecoworkersinagenuine,back-and-forthconversation,rather

thanprioritizingyourownthoughts.

43._____

It'scommontohavea"cubiclemate"orspecialconfidantinaworksetting.But

inadditiontothosetrustedcoworkers,youshouldexpandyourhorizonsand

findoutaboutallthepeoplearoundyou.Useyourlunchandcoffeebreaksto

meetupwithcolleaguesyoudon'talwayssee.Findoutabouttheirlivesand

interestsbeyondthejob.Itrequiresminimaleffortandgoesalongway.This

willhelptogTowyourinternalnetwork,inadditiontobeinganicebreakinthe

workday.

44._____

Positivefeedbackisimportantforanyonetohear.Andyoudon'thavetobe

someone'sbosstotellthemtheydidanexceptionaljobonaparticularproject.

Thiswillhelpengendergoodwillinothers.Butdon'toverdoitorbefakeabout

it.Onestudyfoundthatpeoplerespondedbesttocommentsthatshiftedfrom

negativetopositive,possiblybecauseitsuggestedtheyhadwonsomebody

over.

45._____

Thisonemaybeabitmoredifficulttopulloff,butitcangoalongwayto

achievingresults.Rememberindealingwithanycoworkerwhatthey

appreciatefromaninteraction.Watchoutforhowtheyverbalizewithothers.

Somepeoplelikesmalltalkinameetingbeforediggingintoimportantmatters,

whileotheraremorestraightforward.Jokesthatworkonepersonwon't

necessarilylandwithanother,So,adaptyourstyleaccordinglytotype.

Considerthepersonthatyouredealingwithinadvanceandwhatwillgetyou

toyourdesiredoutcome.

41-45EFDAC

SectionIIITranslation

It'salmostimpossibletogothroughlifewithoutexperiencingsomekindof

failure.Peoplewhodosoprobablylivesocautiouslythattheygonowhere.Put

simply,they'renotreallivingatall.But,thewonderfulthingaboutfailureisthat

it'sentirelyuptoustodecidehowtolookatit.

Wecanchoosetoseefailureas"theendoftheworld,"orasproofofjusthow

inadequateweare.Or,wecanlookatfailureastheincrediblelearning

experiencethatitoftenis.Everytimewefailatsomething,wecanchooseto

lookforthelessonwe'remeanttolearn.Theselessonsareveryimportant;

they'rehowwegrow,andhowwekeepfrommakingthatsamemistakeagain.

Failuresstopusonlyifweletthem.Failurecanalsoteachusthingsabout

ourselvesthatwewouldneverhavelearnedotherwise.

Forinstance,failurecanhelpyoudiscoverhowstrongapersonyouare.

Failingatsomethingcanhelpyoudiscoveryourtruestfriends,orhelpyoufind

unexpectedmotivationtosucceed.

参考译文：

人的一生几乎不可能不经历某种失败。但是，失败的妙处就在于，完全由我们来

决定如何看待它。

我们可以选择将失败看作是“世界末日，或者像以往一样，把它看作令人难以置

信的学习经历。每当我们在某件事上失败时，我们会选择寻找应学习的教训。这

些教训非常重要;他们教会我们如何成长，如何避免再次犯相同的错误。如果失

败阻止我们前进，那么条件就是我们允许它的发生。

失败还可以教会我们认识自己，那是我们在别处永远无法学习到的。例如，失败

可以帮助你发现自己的能力。失败可以帮助你发现最真实的朋友，或者帮助你找

到预料之外的成功动力。

46.Directions:

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.Writeyourtranslationonthe

ANSWE