专题02 动词 - 情态动词（讲练）（原卷版）-2024中考英语二轮复习

1/1专题02动词，情态动词动词是表示人或事物动作和状态的词。按照其语法功能，动词分为行为动词、系动词、助动词及情态动词四类。行为动词又叫实义动词，分为及物动词(后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词),不及物动词(本身意义不完整，其后不能接宾语的动词)；系动词(不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语)；助动词(本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语的词，这类词表示时态、语态、语气等特征，帮助构成否定、疑问等)；情态动词(本身有一定意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能单独使用，必须和实义动词一起构成句子的谓语，表示说话者的情感、态度和语气)动词的种类1.（2023·广州）Shewasingreatfearandcouldn’tthink.Thisonlycausedherto______fartherintothepool.A.drop B.swim C.jump D.search【透析】考查动词辨异。篇章大语境：Susan参加水族馆鲸鱼训练员比赛时在水下遇到意外，幸运的是她被一头鲸鱼救了。小语境：她在水下，腿没有知觉，大脑不能思考，故会_______.drop丢掉；swim游泳；jump跳跃；search搜找。根据这个A符合语境。答案选A。2.(2023·江苏扬州)Wedon’t________muchfromthekidsbecausetheycan’tunderstandthevalueofthiswork.A.express B.excuse C.expect D.explain【答案】C【解析】句意：我们对孩子们期望不高，因为他们无法理解这项工作的价值。考查动词辨析。express表达；excuse原谅；expect要求，指望；explain解释。根据“becausetheycan’tunderstandthevalueofthiswork.”可知，不能对孩子有太高的期望，故选C。3.(2023·江苏无锡)—Let’sgoandgetsomethingtoeat.Whatdoyou________?—Howaboutfishandchips?A.suggest B.imagine C.suppose D.insist【答案】A【解析】句意：——我们去吃点东西吧。你有什么建议？——鱼和薯条怎么样？考查动词辨析。suggest建议；imagine想象；suppose设想；insist坚持。根据“Howaboutfishandchips”可知，询问对方的建议，故选A。4.（2023·广州·语法选择）He____eatbigmealsanddidnotgohungryanymore.A.could B.might C.should D.must【答案】A【解析】句意：他能够吃掉大餐，再也没有挨饿了。could能够；might可能；should应该；must必须。根据“...eatbigmealsanddidnotgohungryanymore.”可知是能吃掉大餐。故选A。5.（2023·武汉）—Excuseme,butwe________waitinlinetogetonthesubway.—I’msorry.A.might B.would C.could D.should【答案】D【解析】句意：——对不起，我们应该排队上地铁。——我很抱歉。考查情态动词辨析。might可以；would将；could可以；should应该。根据“butwe…waitinlinetogetonthesubway”可知，应该排队上地铁，故选D。一、实义动词实义动词按其后是否需要接宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词用法示例及物动词（1）带一个宾语Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youcanraiseyourhands.你们如果有问题，可以举手。（2）带双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）间接宾语常指人，直接宾语常指物Myparentsgavemeanicegiftonmybirthday.我的父母在我生日那天给了我一份精美的礼物。（=Myparentsgaveanicegifttomeonmybirthday.）Iwillbuyyouanewdictionary.我会给你买一本新词典。（=Iwillbuyanewdictionaryforyou.）（3）带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）Pleasekeepthedooropen.请开着门。Ourteacherstellustostudyhard.老师告诉我们要努力学习。不及物动词（1）不带宾语Theyarerunningontheplayground.他们正在运动场上跑步。（2）后加介词+宾语Pleaselookattheblackboardandlistentome.请看黑板，听我说。动词辨异！在实义动词中，中考考题主要考查动词用法的辨异，经常出现在单项选择和完形填空中，是中考一大重要考点。二、连系动词常用连系动词词义例句be是I’magirlwithshorthair.become成为，变得MikebecomesinterestedinChinese.turn变得Mr.White’sfaceturnedred.get变得Theweatherisgettingbad.smell闻起来Theflowerssmellnice.sound听起来Theplansoundsgood.taste尝起来Thesouptastesdelicious.stay保持Theshopstaysopentill8pm.grow成长，变得Herhairisgrowingwhite.keep保持Thegirlkeepssilentallthetime.feel感到，摸起来Thecoatfeelsverysoftlook看起来Mymotherlooksveryyoung.注意1.连系动词不能单独作谓语，其后必须接形容词、名词或介词短语作表语2.含连系动词(be除外)的句子变疑问句时一定要借助助动词do,does,did等三、助动词助动词用法例句bebe(am,is,are;was,were)+动词的现在分词，用于现在进行时和过去进行时Iamwashingmyclothes.我在洗衣服。WhatisTomdoing?汤姆在做什么？WewerewatchingTVwhenthealarmwentoff.我们正在看电视，突然警报响了。be(am,is,are;was,were;willbe;have/hasbeen)+动词的过去分词，用于被动语态IsJapanesetaughtinyourschool?你们学校教日语吗？Thebuildingwasdestroyedintheearthquake.大楼在地震中被毁。Wherewillanewlibrarybebuiltinourcitynextyear?明年我们城市将在哪里建一座新图书馆？Thetaskhasn’tbeenfinishedyet.任务还没有完成。dodo(does,did)用于一般现在时和一般过去时Wedon’tgotoschoolonweekends.我们周末不上学。WhattimedoesJackgetup?杰克什么时候起床？DidMarycallyouthismorning?玛丽早上给你打电话了吗？havehave(has,had)+动词的过去分词，用于现在完成时和过去完成时Ihaven’tbeentherebefore.我以前没去过那儿。Lucyhaspassedherdrivingtest.露西已通过了驾驶执照考试。will/shallwill/shall(would/should)+动词原形，用于一般将来时和过去将来时IwillvisittheUKnextweek.下周我要去英国。Whenshallwemeetagain?我们什么时候再见面？Hesaidhewouldcometoseemeifhewasfree.他说如果他有空就来看我。四、情态动词情态动词用法例句can和could(1)表示能力，意为“能；会”，could用作can的过去式Shecandrive,butshecan’trideabike.她会开车，但不会骑自行车。Shecouldn’tspeakChinesewhenshecametoourschoollastyear.去年她刚来我们学校时还不会说中文。(2)表示请求、许可，意为“可以”，两者皆可用，此时的could并不表示过去，只是语气比can更委婉Youcangotherenow.你可以现在去那儿。—Can/CouldIuseyourbicycle?我可以用你的自行车吗？—Yes,ofcourseyoucan.当然可以。（允许对方时，不可用could应答）(3)表示客观可能性或推测，意为“可能”，can常用于否定句和疑问句中；could并不表示过去，只是表示可能性小，多用于肯定句和否定句中Thegirlintheclassroomcan’tbeMary.Shehasgonetothelibrary.教室里的女孩不可能是玛丽，她去图书馆了。HecouldbeinLondon.他可能在伦敦。must和haveto(1)must表示“必须”，否定式mustn’t表示“禁止；不准；不允许”Imustfinishtheworktoday.我必须今天完成工作。Carsmustn’tbeparkedhere.此处禁止停车。(2)must表示非常肯定的猜测，意为“一定；准是”，只用于肯定句。在否定句和疑问句中用can’t，表示“不可能”Hemustbeathome.Thelightison.他一定在家，灯亮着呢。Hecan’tbeathome.Heisonbusiness.他不可能在家，他出差了。(3)haveto意为“必须；不得不”，表示客观实际的需要，有人称和时态的变化；must表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要，无人称和时态的变化Ifhemissesthelastbus,hewillhavetowalkhome.如果他错过末班车，他将不得不走回家。（表示客观实际）Youmuststopsmoking.你必须戒烟。（表示主观意愿）(4)否定式don’thaveto表示“不必”，mustn’t表示“禁止；不准” —MustIfinishalltheworktoday?我必须今天完成全部工作吗？—Yes,youmust./No,youdon’thaveto./No,youneedn’t.是的，必须。/不，不必。Youmustn’tstopyourcarhere.此处禁止停车。need(1)need作情态动词，意为“需要”，后接动词原形，没有人称、数和时态的变化，常用于疑问句和否定句中。否定式needn’t，意为“不必”It’sSundaytoday.Youneedn’tgetupsoearly.今天星期天，你不必起得这么早。NeedIpostyourbookstoyou?需要我把书寄给你吗？(2)need作实义动词，意为“需要；有必要”，有人称、数和时态的变化，后接名词、代词、动词不定式或动名词等Doyouneedanyhelp?你需要帮助吗？Shedidn’tneedtogotoschoolyesterday.她昨天不需要去上学。should和oughtto(1)表示义务、责任、建议、劝告，意为“应该；应当”Youngpeopleshouldrespectoldpeople.晚辈应该尊重长辈。Yououghttotalkwithyourfatheraboutit.你应该和你的父亲谈谈这件事。(2)表示推测，意为“应该；估计”Theyshouldbehomebynow,Ithink.我想他们现在总该到家了吧。ItoughttobeTom.应该是汤姆。hadbetter意为“最好”“应该”，后接动词原形，had通常缩略为’d。否定式为hadbetternotYou’dbettergetsomesleep.你最好去睡一会儿。You’dbetternotgotherebyyourself.你最好不要一个人去那里。usedto意为“过去经常”，后接动词原形HeusedtoliveinParis.他过去一直住在巴黎。Didyouusetobeateacher?你过去是当老师的吗？Theydidn’tusetolivehere.他们过去没住在这儿。动词辨异1.(2023·武汉)—Thehairproductisbeing________atpresent.—Youmeanifit’suptothestandard,itwillbeputonthemarketsoon.A.used B.tested C.shown D.sold2.(2023·湖北荆州)—Hangzhouwillholdthe19thAsianGamesfromSeptember23toOctober8,2023.—Right.Playerswill_______infortysports,suchasswimming,tabletennisandvolleyball.A.compete B.believe C.imagine D.advise3.(2023·湖北黄石)InApril,theweatherinsomeplacesinHubeiisreallychangeable.Peoplemay________fourseasonsinoneweek.A.organize B.describe C.check D.experience4.(2023·江苏扬州)Wedon’t________muchfromthekidsbecausetheycan’tunderstandthevalueofthiswork.A.express B.excuse C.expect D.explain5.(2023·江苏无锡)—Let’sgoandgetsomethingtoeat.Whatdoyou________?—Howaboutfishandchips?A.suggest B.imagine C.suppose D.insist6(2023·山东滨州)—Ourparentsoften________

usnottotalkwithstrangersontheInternet.—That’strue.Asteenagers,weshouldlearntoprotectourselves.A.warn B.invite C.control D.promise7.—IsTaylorSwiftthemostpopularcountrymusicsinger?—I________so.Shehaswonsomanyawardsandherconcertsarethemostpopular.A.hope B.doubt C.suppose D.imagine8.NobodybelievesJackbecausehealways________others.A.cheat B.consider C.help D.dislike9.—The________ youwroteaboutthefilmiswonderful.——Thanks.A.renew B.review C.recycle D.reuse10.—Noway,Iwon’tsleepinthissleepingbag.—Sowhatdoyou________,Mark?It’sacamp,notahotel.A.expect B.wish C.suggest D.imagine11.—Dinnerisready.Helpyourself,please!—Wow!It_________delicious.A.tastes B.sounds C.turns D.gets12.—Howmuchisthecomputer?Isitexpensive?—No,it’snottooexpensive.Itonly_______me300dollars.A.cost B.lost C.spent D.took13.TheBBCdocumentaryDuFu:China’sGreatestPoet_________DutoWilliamShakespeare,oneofthegreatestwritersoftheWest.A.considers B.connects C.compares D.complains14.—Ihearyou’reorganizingatriptothegamenextweek._________mein!—Noproblem.JustkeepintouchonWeChat.A.Matter B.Leave C.Count D.Mind15.—HowlongdoesittaketogettoTaizhoufromNanjingbytrain?—Maybeonehour.Butwhynot________itonBaidu?A.fix B.design C.look D.check16.—Noway,Iwon’tsleepinthissleepingbag.—Sowhatdoyou________,Mark?It’sacamp,notahotel.A.expect B.wish C.suggest D.imagine17.Youdon’tneedto________yourselfwithothers.Believeinyourself.A．correct B．connect C．compare D．communicate18.Schoolsshould________studentstoformgoodworkinghabitsthroughlabor(劳动)education.A.force B.encourage C.warn D.promise19.Thehugefire______thewholefactoryandkilled121workers.A.kept B.protected C.destroyed D.damaged20.—Whydoyoulikethishotel?—Becauseitcan_______customerswithbestservice.A.provides B.serve C.stateD.offer21.WhenSimon________thattherewasanewstudentintheclassroom,hesaidhellotoher.A.noticed B.promisedC.planned D.decided22.Hehas_____fromapooryoungmantoasuccessfulbusinessman.A.raised B.spread C.traded D.risen28.Thenewsofvictory________quicklyandeveryoneinthetownwasveryexcited.A.recorded B.discussed C.spread D.polluted23.Ifyoualways___________yourselfwithothers,youmayhavetonsofpressure.Iagree.Weshouldbelieveinourselves.A.compare B.complainC.connectD.consider24.TheyallwhythelittlegirlcouldsingsodifficultanEnglishsong.A.wondered B.believed C.wanted D.expected25.ThefemalescientistYanNing________toleavetheUSandreturntoChinainNovember2022.Thenewscaughtmanypeople’sattention.A．preferred B．warned C．proved D．announced26.—Thereportsaysoneoftheorganizersisstill__________bythepolice.—IfIfindtheorganizer,Iwillreportittothepoliceatonce.A．caught B．wanted C．missed D．questioned27.—DoyouthinkKarenwillbeagreatdoctor?—Infact,beingadoctor________carefulness,butsheiscarelesssometimes.A．repeats B．receives C．reduces D．requires28.—WhatdoyouthinkofthemovieAvatar:TheWayOfWater?—Great.It_________about3hours,butnooneleftearly.A．covered B．remainedC．lasted D．showed29.—YoumayborrowsomemoneyfromyourfriendTom.—Forgetit.TomandIjustmetacoupleoftimes,butwedon’treally_________.A．care B．spare C．cover D．connect30.—DoyouthinkJohncanwinaprizeintheWuhanMarathon?—Impossiblenow.Hewas________todoso,buthehasjusthurthisleg.A．advised B．required C．supposed D．requested情态动词练习1.（2023·湖北鄂州）—_________Itakephotoshere?—Sorry,youcan’t.It’snotallowedinthemuseum.A.Must B.Need C.Can D.Will2.（2023·湖北黄石）YoungChinesepeople________keepthemotherlandatheart,aimhigh,andhavetheirfeetfirmlyontheground.A.should B.can C.may D.need3.（2023·湖北荆州）—You_______takethesubwaytotheairport,forIcandriveyoutheredirectly.—That’sverykindofyou.A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t4.（2023·襄樊）.—DoesthesportswatchbelongtoMary?—It________behers.Sheistheonlyonewhowearsthesportswatchinourclass.A.can’t B.must C.might D.could5.（2023·江苏连云港）Earthquakescanbeverydangerous.We________learntoprotectourselves.A.might B.should C.could D.would6.（2023·江苏无锡）Oh,comeon!________youdoubteverythingIsay?I’mnotathree-year-old!A.Can’t B.Can C.Mustn’t D.Must7.（2023·江苏镇江）5.Thenewappaboutfashionisreallyfreeandyou________paymoneyforit.A.may B.must C.shouldn’t D.needn’t8.（2023·河北）Ifwe________findabetterway,we’llfinishthejobfaster.A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t9.（2023·天津）—WouldyouliketovisitTianjinUniversitytomorrow?—Sorry,I’mafraidI________.I’llworkasavolunteerinmycommunity.A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t10.（2023·云南）—Excuseme,mayIusemyphonenow?—Sorry,you________.Theplaneistakingoff.A.need B.needn’t C.can D.can’t11.—Excuseme.Canyoutellmewhattimeitisnow?—Sorry,I_________.Mywatchdoesn’twork.A.can’tB.maynotC.mustn’tD.needn’t12.—It'squitebrighthere.Let'sjustkeepthewindowopen.—Yes.We________leavethelighton.A.couldn'tB.shouldn'tC.willD.wouldn't13.—Whatdoyouthinkwecommonpeople________doforourmotherlandduringtheCovid-19breakout?—Ithinkwe________doanythingexceptstayingathomeanddosomeexercisetokeepourselvesfit.A.must;can’tB.may;mustn’tC.need;shouldn’t.D.can;needn’t14.—_______wecleantheclassroomatonce?—No,you_______.You_______cleanitafterschool.A.Must;needn’t;mayB.Must;mustn’t;canC.Shall;can’t;mustD.Need;mustn’t;may15..Mike,youplaywithfire.Youburnyourself.A.won't;can'tB.havegotto;shouldn'tC.don'thaveto;must D.mustn't;might16.—Whosebackpackisthis?—It_______beJim’s.Look,hisstudent’scardisinit.A.mustB.canC.mustn’tD.can’t17.Asmiddleschoolstudents,wefollowthepublicruleswhereverwego.A.would B.should C.might D.could18.–Mum,mayIgotoseeafilmwithmycousin?-You_______goifyouhavefinishedyourhomework.A.must B.need C.should D.can19.-Somepeopledon'tshowtheirtalentsattheverybeginning.-Iagree.EvenEinstein____________readuntilhewasseven.A.can't B.mustn't C.couldn't D.needn't20.Thedesignerhastriedeverypossiblewaytomaketherobotlight,soyou_____worryaboutitsweight..A.must B.may C.can’t D.needn’t21.Accordingtothenotice,guestsatthishotel__________usethesportscent