2024届高考英语阅读理解高频词汇超详细梳理素材（社会道德类）

高考英语阅读理解高频词汇超详细梳理（社会道德类）单词详解：1.reform(rɪˈfɔːrm)-名词/动词-改革，改善；改过自新例句:Thegovernmenthasimplementedseveralreformstoimprovetheeducationsystem.(政府已经实施了一些改革来改善教育系统。)同义词:improvement,change,amendment反义词:deterioration,decline搭配:reformof/in...,reformmovement拓展词组:landreform(土地改革),politicalreform(政治改革)易错点拨:注意区分reform(改革)和transform(转变)的区别。Reform指对现有系统或机构进行改进，而transform指彻底的改变。2.demonstrate(ˈdemənstreɪt)-动词-证明，证实；示威，游行例句:Thescientistsconductedexperimentstodemonstratetheirtheory.(科学家们进行了实验来证明他们的理论。)同义词:prove,show,exhibit反义词:refute,disprove搭配:demonstrateagainst/for...,demonstratethat...拓展词组:demonstration(示威),demonstrator(示威者)易错点拨:注意demonstrate的两个主要含义：证明和示威。3.inspect(ɪnˈspekt)-动词-检查，视察例句:Thehealthinspectorsinspectedtherestaurantforhygieneviolations.(卫生检查员检查了餐厅的卫生违规行为。)同义词:examine,check,investigate反义词:neglect,ignore搭配:inspectfor/on...,inspectsth.拓展词组:inspection(检查),inspector(检查员)易错点拨:注意inspect(检查)和expect(期待)的区别。4.interfere(ˌɪntəˈfɪə)-动词-干涉，干预例句:Thegovernmentshouldnotinterfereintheprivatelivesofitscitizens.(政府不应该干涉公民的私生活。)同义词:intervene,meddle,intrude反义词:leavealone,respectprivacy搭配:interferein/with...,interferewithsth.拓展词组:interference(干涉),non-interference(不干涉)易错点拨:注意interfere通常带有负面含义，表示不必要的干预。5.appease(əˈpiːz)-动词-安抚，平息例句:Thegovernmenttriedtoappeasetheprotestersbypromisingreforms.(政府试图通过承诺改革来安抚抗议者。)同义词:pacify,calm,soothe反义词:provoke,anger,incite搭配:appeasesb./sth.,appeasebydoingsth.拓展词组:appeasement(绥靖政策)易错点拨:appease常用于指平息愤怒或不满的情绪。6.reconcile(ˈrekənsaɪl)-动词-调和，和解例句:Thetwocountriesfinallyreconciledafteryearsofconflict.(这两个国家经过多年的冲突终于和解了。)同义词:settle,resolve,harmonize反义词:disagree,conflict,clash搭配:reconcilewith...,reconciledifferences拓展词组:reconciliation(和解)易错点拨:注意reconcile通常指解决分歧或冲突，达成一致。7.commit(kəˈmɪt)-动词-承诺，犯罪例句:Hecommittedhimselftoimprovingthelivesofthepoor.(他致力于改善穷人的生活。)同义词:pledge,vow,perpetrate反义词:breakapromise,abandon搭配:committo...,commitacrime拓展词组:commitment(承诺),crime(犯罪)易错点拨:注意commit有两个主要含义：承诺和犯罪。8.verify(ˈverɪfaɪ)-动词-核实，查证例句:Thepolicearetryingtoverifythesuspect'salibi.(警察正在试图核实嫌疑人的不在场证明。)同义词:confirm,check,authenticate反义词:disprove,deny,refute搭配:verifysth.,verifythat...拓展词组:verification(核实),verifiable(可核实的)易错点拨:注意verify表示通过证据或调查来确认信息的真实性。9.strip(strɪp)-动词/名词-剥夺，剥去；长条，条状物例句:Thegovernmentstrippedhimofhiscitizenship.(政府剥夺了他的公民身份。)同义词:deprive,remove,divest反义词:grant,bestow,award搭配:stripsb.ofsth.,astripofland拓展词组:stripaway(剥去),comicstrip(连环漫画)易错点拨:注意strip既可以指剥夺抽象的东西，如权利或身份，也可以指剥去具体的东西，如衣服或覆盖物。10.investigate(ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt)-动词-调查，研究例句:Thepoliceareinvestigatingthecauseofthefire.(警方正在调查火灾的原因。)同义词:examine,explore,probe反义词:ignore,neglect搭配:investigatesth.,investigateintosth.拓展词组:investigation(调查),investigator(调查员)易错点拨:注意investigate指对事件或情况进行系统的调查和研究。11.depend(dɪˈpend)-动词-依靠，依赖例句:Thesuccessoftheprojectdependsoneveryone'scooperation.(项目的成功取决于每个人的合作。)同义词:rely,counton,trust反义词:beindependentof搭配:dependon/uponsb./sth.拓展词组:dependable(可靠的),dependency(依赖性)易错点拨:注意depend后面通常接介词on或upon。12.resist(rɪˈzɪst)-动词/名词-抵抗，反抗；抵抗力例句:Thepeopleresistedtheoppressiveregime.(人民反抗压迫政权。)同义词:oppose,defy,withstand反义词:surrender,yield,submit搭配:resiststh./sb.,resistdoingsth.拓展词组:resistance(抵抗),resistant(有抵抗力的)易错点拨:注意resist可以指抵抗外力，也可以指抵抗诱惑或冲动。13.contemporary(kənˈtempərəri)-形容词/名词-当代的，同时代的；同龄人例句:Manycontemporaryartistsareexploringnewformsofexpression.(许多当代艺术家正在探索新的表达形式。)同义词:modern,current,present-day反义词:ancient,old-fashioned,outdated搭配:contemporaryart/music/literature...拓展词组:contemporaryofsb.(某人的同龄人)易错点拨:注意contemporary指的是同一时代的人或事物，而modern则指现代的，与过去相对。14.moral(ˈmɒrəl)-形容词/名词-道德的，有道德的；寓意例句:Hehasastrongmoralcompass.(他拥有很强的道德观念。)同义词:ethical,virtuous,righteous反义词:immoral,unethical,wicked搭配:moralvalues/principles/standards...拓展词组:morality(道德),moraldilemma(道德困境)易错点拨:注意moral强调的是与是非、善恶相关的原则和价值观。15.native(ˈneɪtɪv)-形容词/名词-本土的，本地的；当地人例句:SheisanativeofCanada.(她是加拿大人。)同义词:indigenous,local,aboriginal反义词:foreign,alien搭配:nativelanguage/speaker/culture...拓展词组:nativeland(故乡),nativespecies(本土物种)易错点拨:注意native指的是出生或起源于某个地方的人或事物。16.realistic(ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk)-形容词-现实的，现实主义的例句:Weneedtosetrealisticgoalsfortheproject.(我们需要为项目设定现实的目标。)同义词:practical,pragmatic,down-to-earth反义词:unrealistic,idealistic,impractical搭配:realisticexpectations/approach/assessment...易错点拨:注意realistic指的是符合实际情况，可行的。17.responsible(rɪˈspɒnsəbl)-形容词-负责的，有责任的例句:Parentsareresponsibleforthewell-beingoftheirchildren.(父母对孩子的健康成长负有责任。)同义词:accountable,liable,inchargeof反义词:irresponsible,careless,negligent搭配:responsibleforsth./doingsth.,aresponsibleperson拓展词组:responsibility(责任),takeresponsibility(承担责任)易错点拨:注意responsible指的是对某事或某人承担责任或义务。18.wicked(ˈwɪkɪd)-形容词-邪恶的，坏的例句:Thewickedwitchcastaspellontheprincess.(邪恶的女巫对公主施了魔法。)同义词:evil,bad,immoral反义词:good,kind,virtuous搭配:awickedperson/act/deed易错点拨:wicked指的是道德败坏，邪恶的。19.helpless(ˈhelp.ləs)-形容词-无助的，无力的例句:Theearthquakevictimswereleftfeelinghelplessandalone.(地震灾民感到无助和孤独。)同义词:powerless,defenseless,vulnerable反义词:powerful,capable,strong搭配:feel/behelpless易错点拨:helpless指的是无法自助，需要他人帮助的状态。20.ethic(ˈeθɪk)-名词-道德规范，伦理例句:Medicalethicspreventdoctorsfromrevealingtheirpatients'confidentialinformation.(医学伦理防止医生泄露病人的机密信息。)同义词:moralcode,principles,values搭配:workethic(职业道德),businessethics(商业道德)拓展词组:ethical(合乎道德的),unethical(不道德的)易错点拨:ethic指的是一群人或一个社会所遵循的道德规范和价值观。21.guideline(ˈɡaɪdlaɪn)-名词-指导方针，准则例句:Theschoolhasestablishedclearguidelinesforstudentbehavior.(学校为学生的行为制定了明确的指导方针。)同义词:rule,principle,standard搭配:guidelinesfor/on...易错点拨:guideline指的是提供方向和指导的原则或规则，通常不具有强制性。22.rumor(ˈruːmər)-名词/动词-谣言，传闻；散布谣言例句:Therearerumorsthatthecompanyisgoingbankrupt.(有传言说这家公司要破产了。)同义词:gossip,hearsay,speculation反义词:fact,truth搭配:spreadarumor,believearumor易错点拨:rumor指的是未经证实的消息或传闻。23.immigrant(ˈɪmɪɡrənt)-名词/形容词-移民，移居者；移民的例句:Manyimmigrantscometothiscountryinsearchofabetterlife.(许多移民来到这个国家是为了寻求更好的生活。)同义词:migrant,newcomer,settler反义词:emigrant搭配:illegalimmigrant(非法移民),immigrationpolicy(移民政策)易错点拨:immigrant指的是移居到另一个国家的人，而emigrant指的是从一个国家移出的人。24.individual(ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl)-形容词/名词-个人的，个体的；个人例句:Everyindividualhastherighttofreedomofspeech.(每个人都拥有言论自由的权利。)同义词:person,humanbeing,single反义词:group,collective,community搭配:individualrights/needs/differences...易错点拨:individual强调的是个体，与群体相对。25.consequence(ˈkɒnsɪkwəns)-名词-后果，结果例句:Hehadtofacetheconsequencesofhisactions.(他不得不面对自己行为的后果。)同义词:result,effect,outcome反义词:cause,origin搭配:theconsequencesofsth.,suffertheconsequences易错点拨:consequence指的是由某个事件或行为引起的结果，可以是好的，也可以是坏的。26.status(ˈsteɪtəs)-名词-地位，身份例句:Shehasachievedahighstatusinherprofession.(她在她的职业领域取得了很高的地位。)同义词:standing,position,rank搭配:socialstatus(社会地位),economicstatus(经济地位)易错点拨:status指的是一个人或事物在社会或组织中的地位或等级。27.population(ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃən)-名词-人口例句:Thepopulationofthecityhasbeengrowingrapidlyinrecentyears.(近年来，这座城市的人口增长迅速。)搭配:worldpopulation(世界人口),agingpopulation(老龄化人口)易错点拨:population指的是一个地区或国家的人口总数。28.crime(kraɪm)-名词-犯罪，罪行例句:Thepoliceareinvestigatingaseriesofcrimesintheneighborhood.(警方正在调查该社区发生的一系列犯罪事件。)同义词:offense,felony,delinquency反义词:law-abiding,legal搭配:commitacrime,crimerate(犯罪率)拓展词组:criminal(罪犯),criminology(犯罪学)易错点拨:crime指的是违反法律的行为。29.abuse(əˈbjuːs)-名词/动词-滥用，虐待；辱骂例句:Thereportexposedthewidespreadabuseofchildrenintheinstitution.(这份报告揭露了该机构普遍存在的虐待儿童现象。)同义词:mistreatment,misuse,maltreatment反义词:care,respect,protection搭配:abuseofpower(滥用权力),childabuse(虐待儿童)拓展词组:abusive(虐待的),abuser(施虐者)易错点拨:abuse指的是对人或事物的错误或有害的使用。30.gang(ɡæŋ)-名词/动词-团伙，帮派；结伙例句:Thepolicearrestedagangofthieves.(警方逮捕了一伙窃贼。)同义词:group,band,mob搭配:streetgang(街头帮派),joinagang(加入帮派)易错点拨:gang指的是一群人，通常指有组织地进行犯罪活动的人。练习：一、选择填空Thegovernment'snewpoliciesaimto_____theeducationsystemandprovidebetteropportunitiesforallstudents.(A)resist(B)reform(C)investigate(D)stripTheenvironmentalgrouphelda_____toprotestagainsttheconstructionofanewfactory.(A)consequence(B)demonstration(C)inspection(D)populationThecompanywasaccusedofunethicalbehaviorandviolatingbusiness_____.(A)guidelines(B)rumors(C)ethics(D)crimesThejudge_____thedefendantofhisrighttoafairtrial.(A)reconciled(B)committed(C)stripped(D)inspectedThescientist'sresearchhelpedto_____thetheorythattheearthisround.(A)investigate(B)demonstrate(C)interfere(D)dependThesuccessofthepeacetalkswill_____onthewillingnessofbothsidestocompromise.(A)interfere(B)depend(C)resist(D)appeaseManypeoplebelievethatitisimportantto_____therightsofminorities.(A)abuse(B)neglect(C)respect(D)opposeTherefugeesare_____andindesperateneedoffood,water,andshelter.(A)realistic(B)helpless(C)wicked(D)responsibleThepoliceare_____thecrimesceneforclues.(A)inspecting(B)demonstrating(C)reforming(D)abusingThecompany'sCEOis_____formakingdecisionsthataffecttheentireorganization.(A)realistic(B)responsible(C)native(D)contemporary二、完成句子Thegovernmentintroducednew_____toreducecrimerates.(改革)Itisimportantto_____factsbeforespreadingrumors.(核实)Thecharityiscommittedtoprovidingaidto_____peoplearoundtheworld.(无助的)Thetwosidesintheconflictneedtofindawayto_____theirdifferences.(调和)Thecompany'sunethicalpracticeshadserious_____foritsemployeesandcustomers.(后果)三、近义词辨析Choosethewordthatbestcompletesthesentence:Theteacher's_____behaviortowardsthestudentswasunacceptable.(A)abusive(B)responsible(C)realisticChoosethewordthatisclosestinmeaningto"inspect":(A)investigate(B)demonstrate(C)interfereChoosethewordthatisclosestinmeaningto"rumor":(A)guideline(B)ethic(C)gossipChoosethewordthatisoppositeinmeaningto"moral":(A)ethical(B)wicked(C)responsibleChoosethewordthatisoppositeinmeaningto"individual":(A)group(B)native(C)contemporary四、翻译句子政府有责任保护其公民的权利。我们应该尊重每个人的文化背景。这个组织致力于打击犯罪和提高社区安全。散布谣言会造成严重后果。我们需要制定切实可行的计划来解决这个问题。五、阅读理解（一）Theriseofglobalizationhasbroughtaboutacomplexwebofinterconnectednessamongnations,economies,andcultures.Whilethisinterconnectednesshasfacilitatedadvancementsintrade,technology,andcommunication,ithasalsoraisedsignificantethicalconcerns.Oneofthemostpressingissuesisthewideninggapbetweenthewealthyandthepoor,bothwithinandamongnations.Asmultinationalcorporationsexpandtheirreach,questionsariseaboutfairlaborpractices,workerexploitation,andthedistributionofwealth.Anotherethicalchallengeassociatedwithglobalizationistheimpactontheenvironment.Increasedproductionandconsumptionoftenleadtoenvironmentaldegradation,includingpollution,deforestation,andresourcedepletion.Thepursuitofeconomicgrowthsometimescomesattheexpenseofenvironmentalsustainability,raisingconcernsaboutthelong-termconsequencesfortheplanetandfuturegenerations.Furthermore,globalizationhassparkeddebatesaboutculturalhomogenizationandthelossofculturaldiversity.AsWesternculturalinfluencesspreadthroughmediaandconsumerproducts,thereareconcernsthatlocaltraditionsandvaluesmaybeeroded.Thebalancebetweenembracingglobalinterconnectednessandpreservingculturalidentityremainsacomplexandongoingchallenge.1.Whatisthemainissuediscussedinthepassage?(A)Thebenefitsofglobalization(B)Theethicalchallengesofglobalization(C)Technologicaladvancements(D)Politicalconflictsamongnations2.Whatisaconcernregardingmultinationalcorporations?(A)Theirpositiveimpactonlocaleconomies(B)Theircommitmenttofairlaborpractices(C)Theirlimitedreach(D)Theirpotentialforworkerexploitation3.Whatisaconsequenceofincreasedproductionandconsumption?(A)Environmentalsustainability(B)Reducedpoverty(C)Culturaldiversity(D)Environmentaldegradation4.Whatisaconcernregardingculturalhomogenization?(A)Thepreservationofculturaldiversity(B)ThespreadofWesternculturalinfluences(C)Thepromotionofglobalunderstanding(D)Thedevelopmentofnewtechnologies5.Whatistheauthor'sstanceonglobalization?(A)Theauthorbelievesglobalizationisentirelypositive.(B)Theauthorbelievesglobalizationisentirelynegative.(C)Theauthoracknowledgesboththebenefitsandchallengesofglobalization.(D)Theauthorremainsneutralontheissueofglobalization.（二）Theissueofimmigrationhassparkedintensedebateandcontroversyinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.Attheheartofthedebateliecomplexquestionsaboutnationalidentity,economicimpact,andsocialcohesion.Proponentsofstricterimmigrationcontrolsoftenarguethatimmigrantsstrainpublicresources,takejobsawayfromnative-borncitizens,andthreatennationalsecurity.Theymayalsoexpressconcernsaboutthepreservationofculturalidentityandsocialnorms.Ontheotherhand,advocatesformoreopenimmigrationpolicieshighlighttheeconomicbenefitsofimmigration,suchasfillinglaborshortages,boostinginnovation,andcontributingtoeconomicgrowth.Theyemphasizethehistoricalroleofimmigrationinshapingdiverseanddynamicsocietiesandarguethatinclusivepoliciespromotetoleranceandunderstanding.Thedebateoverimmigrationisoftenfueledbymisinformationandstereotypes.Itisessentialtoapproachthisissuewithempathy,understanding,andacommitmenttoevidence-basedpolicymaking.Findingabalancebetweennationalinterestsandtherightsanddignityofimmigrantsremainsasignificantchallengeformanynations.1.Whatisthemainfocusofthepassage?(A)Thehistoryofimmigration(B)Theeconomicbenefitsofimmigration(C)Thecontroversysurroundingimmigration(D)Theculturalimpactofimmigration2.Whatisanargumentoftenmadebyproponentsofstricterimmigrationcontrols?(A)Immigrantscontributetoeconomicgrowth.(B)Immigrantsenrichculturaldiversity.(C)Immigrantsstrengthennationalsecurity.(D)Immigrantsstrainpublicresources.3.Whatisanargumentoftenmadebyadvocatesformoreopenimmigrationpolicies?(A)Immigrantsthreatenculturalidentity.(B)Immigrantstakejobsawayfromcitizens.(C)Immigrantscontributetoinnovation.(D)Immigrantscreatesocialdivisions.4.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestisimportantwhendiscussingimmigration?(A)Stereotypesandmisinformation(B)Evidence-basedpolicymaking(C)Culturalassimilation(D)Economicnationalism5.Whatisasignificantchallengeformanynationsregardingimmigration?(A)Closingborderscompletely(B)Encouragingmassemigration(C)Balancingnationalinterestswiththerightsofimmigrants(D)Promotingculturalhomogenization（三）Therapidadvancementoftechnologyhasraisedamyriadofethicaldilemmasthatsocietymustgrapplewith.Artificialintelligence(AI),forexample,hasthepotentialtorevolutionizemanyaspectsofourlives,fromhealthcaretotransportation.However,concernsexistaboutjobdisplacement,algorithmicbias,andthepotentialmisuseofAIforsurveillanceandcontrol.Socialmediaplatformshavetransformedthewaywecommunicateandaccessinformation.Yet,theseplatformsalsoraiseconcernsaboutprivacy,thespreadofmisinformation,andtheimpactonmentalhealth.Thealgorithmsusedbysocialmediacompaniescancreateechochambers,reinforcingexistingbeliefsandlimitingexposuretodiverseperspectives.Theincreasingrelianceontechnologyalsoraisesquestionsaboutdigitalequityandthedigitaldivide.Noteveryonehasequalaccesstotechnologyandtheskillsneededtonavigatethedigitalworld.Thiscanexacerbateexistinginequalitiesandcreatenewformsofsocialexclusion.Astechnologycontinuestoevolve,itiscrucialtoengageinthoughtfuldiscussionsaboutitsethicalimplicationsandensurethatitisusedresponsiblyforthebenefitofall.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?(A)Thebenefitsoftechnology(B)Theethicalchallengesoftechnology(C)Thehistoryoftechnology(D)Thefutureoftechnology2.Whatisaconcernregardingartificialintelligence(AI)?(A)Itspotentialtoimprovehealthcare(B)Itsabilitytocreatejobs(C)Itspotentialforbiasandmisuse(D)Itslimitedcapabilities3.Whatisaconcernregardingsocialmediaplatforms?(A)Thepromotionofdiverseperspectives(B)Theprotectionofprivacy(C)Thespreadofaccurateinformation(D)Thepositiveimpactonmentalhealth4.Whatisthedigitaldivide?(A)Thegapbetweenthosewhohaveaccesstotechnologyandthosewhodonot.(B)Thedifferencebetweenonlineandofflinecommunication.(C)Thedistinctionbetweenartificialintelligenceandhumanintelligence.(D)Theboundarybetweendifferentsocialmediaplatforms.5.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestisimportantregardingtechnology?(A)Unrestricteddevelopmentanduseoftechnology(B)Carefulconsiderationofitsethicalimplications(C)Ignoringpotentialrisksandfocusingonbenefits(D)Limitingaccesstotechnologyforcertaingroups参考答案：一、选择填空(B)reform-reform指的是对现有系统或机构进行改进，符合句意。(B)demonstration-demonstration指的是示威或游行，符合句意。(C)ethics-ethics指的是道德规范和价值观，符合句意。(C)stripped-strip指的是剥夺，此处指剥夺被告获得公平审判的权利。(B)demonstrate-demonstrate指的是证明，此处指通过研究证实了地球是圆的理论。(B)depend-de