2025版高考英语一轮总复习真题探究必修第一册Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld

必修第一册Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages；theAmericasabout1,000；Africa2,400；andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200，ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000，whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡)，withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers)，ChiapanecoinMexico(150)，LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark)：noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.1．Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?BA．Theydevelopedveryfast.B．Theywerelargeinnumber.C．Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D．Theywerecloselyconnected.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers...theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.”可知，在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代，人们使用的语言种类很多。故选B。2．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinParagraph2?CA．Complex. B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.解析：词义猜测题。根据上文提到的“...allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear”和下文的“suchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover”可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在逐渐取代一些语言。由此可猜测该词的意思是“占优势的”，所以选C项。故选C。3．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?BA．About6,800. B．About3,400.C．About2,400. D．About1,200.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.”和最后一句中的“isamere6,000，whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat”可知，B项正确。故选B。4．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?CA．Newlanguageswillbecreated.B．People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代，语种众多。但是随着工业化、贸易、全球化等的发展，许多语种消失了。由此可知，人类的发展导致了语种的减少，所以选C项。故选C。理清脉络语言能力(一)高级词块distributionn．分布survivaln．幸存extinctionn．灭绝，消亡settledadj.稳定的takeover占上风(二)长难句突破Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenb