- 2024年新高考英语读后续写思维培优专题17 如何细化肢体动作 讲义

专题17如何细化肢体动作动词是英语遣词造句、体现语言描述功能的主角，很多句子都包含动作的描写。要想把动作写的生动有画面感，主要有两种思路：构造“动作链”和“动作面”。动词是英语遣词造句、体现语言描述功能的主角，很多句子都包含动作的描写。要想把动作写的生动有画面感，主要有两种思路：构造“动作链”和“动作面”。一、一、构造“动作链”比如上车这个动作，很多同学会把其写的比如上车这个动作，很多同学会把其写的非常单一，诸如“Hegotintothecar.”这样的句子。但实际上，记叙文就像拍电影，所有的场景都是一幅幅画面连续串接的结果。我们可以把这个简单的动作按时间拆分成一条“动作链”：【拦车】——【上车】——【告诉司机目的地】再比如2017年6月浙江卷读后续写中可能会写到“用肉把狼引开”的情节，其中扔肉这个简单的动作同样可以按时间拆分成：【拿出肉】——【瞄准狼】——【扔出去】①①“动作链”结构1：A,BandC动作细节描写中写到一连串的几个动作时，我们可以使用并列谓语来表达。我们常常可以用“AandB”或者“A,BandC”这两种结构来处理。当然，也没有必要在一个句子中塞进所有的动作2~4个动作是比较合理的。在读后续写中使用动作链的方法：逻辑连接：动作链的每个环节都应该与前后环节有逻辑上的关联，使整个链条自然流畅。感官描写：在动作链中加入对感官的描写，如视觉、听觉、触觉等，可以让读者更全面地感受到场景。情感表达：利用动作链展示人物内心的情感变化，使读者更深入地了解人物的心理状态。细节描写：增加一些细节描写，如动作的细微变化、环境的变化等，让故事更具生动感。时间流逝：利用动作链展示时间的流逝，有助于读者感受到故事的发展和事件的推移。例1看到失散多年的儿子，她将其一把抱住。可以把“抱”这个动作按时间拆分为：冲上前，搂入怀中。再用“AandB”Shedashedforward,andgatheredhersonintoherarms.例2先看一眼奖杯，深吸一口气，说道：“谢谢!”。用“A,BandC”这个结构：Sheglancedatthetrophy,tookadeepbreathandsaid,“Thankyou!”例3：发表获奖感言。按时间拆分为：先看一下奖杯，深吸一口气，说道：“谢谢吞吞！”，再用A,BandC这个结构：Sheglancedatthetrophy,tookadeepbreathandsaid,“ThankTUNTUN!”此外，A,BandC也不一定都表示连续的动作，有时也可以表示并列，比如下面这两个例子。例4：Weyelledatthebear,hitpotshard,andfiredblankshotgunshellsintotheair.翻译：我们冲着这只熊大喊，猛烈地敲锅，还冲着天上开空枪。例5：Everynight,lyingawakeinbed,Iwaitedforthethetraintostop,waitedforthesoundofhisworkbootsdroppingonthestep,andwaitedforhisvoicecalling,“I’mhome!”翻译：每天晚上，我醒着躺在床上，等待火车到站，等待他的工作靴落在台阶上的声音，等待他说“我到家了”。“and”连接多个并列谓语动词1.Shewalkedtothecashregisterandpaidthemoney.2.Irushedhome,searchedthroughmycollectionofhats,andgrabbedthecottonone.3.Hestoppedthetaxi,jumpedinwiththesuitcaseandtoldthedriver,"Gotothepolicestation,please.”4.Theboysrushedexcitedlytothelake,tookofftheirclothesandjumpedintothewater.5.Shedashedforward,kneltdownandgatheredhersonintoherarms.6.Thesingerglancedattheaudience,tookadeepbreathandbegantosing.7.Wecrossedbigriversandvastplains,climbedhighmountains,andoverlookeddeepvalleys.8.Hereacheddeepintohispocket，pulledoutahandfulofchange，andheldituptothefarmer.9.Heputonhiscoat,stormedoutandslammedthedoorshut.10.Lornacametothewindow,openeditandlookedoutupatthenightsky.②“动作链”结构②“动作链”结构2：Havingdone...动作链除了用连词以外，也能用非谓语动词衔接动作。比如，“征战多年后，战士回到家中，发现家人已经搬走了。”Havingfoughtinthewarforyears,thesoliderreturnedtohishome,onlytofindhisfamilieshadmovedaway.例1征战多年后，战士回到家中，发现家人已经搬走了。Havingfoughtinthewarforyears,thesoldierreturnedtohishome,onlytofindhisfamilieshadmovedaway.这句话的三个动作中，中间的returned为谓语动词，前后分别用了havingdone和todo两种非谓语形式。havingdone可以表示“已经做了……”,onlytodo是结果状语。比如这句话中，就强调这个战士在沙场上征战多年后才回到了家乡。例2排了三个小时的队后，他被告知票卖完了。Hequeuedfor3hours,andwastoldthattheticketshadbeensoldout.Havingqueuedfor3hours,hewastoldthattheticketshadbeensoldout.例3：排了三个小时的队后，他被告知票卖完了。Havingqueuedfor3hours,hewastoldthattheticketshadbeensoldout.例4：哈利波特收到光轮2000后高兴得不知所措。HavingreceivedtheNimbus2000,HarryPotterwassohappythathewasatalosswhattodo.③③使用非谓语-ing现在分词，凸显主动，同一对象同时发生不同的动作。例1老人静坐/老人静坐=坐在夕阳下+看报纸+听广播Theoldmansatunderthesunset,readingthenewspaperandlisteningtotheradio.例2他欣喜若狂，在雨中又唱又跳。Hewasoverwhelmedwithjoy,singinganddancingintherain.-ed过去分词，凸显被动例1“孩子们哭了”感动哭了=被感动+哭了Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.例2被老师的话所鼓舞，Lucy举起了手，小声说，“我来。Encouragedbytheteacher'swords,Lucyraisedherhand,whispering,“I’lldoit.”例3被眼前的这一幕吓坏了，他一动不动，不知道该说什么。Terrifiedbythesceneinfrontofhim,hewasrootedtothespot,beingatalosswhattosay.故该处用过去分词bought。)非谓语动词表达多个动作1.Walkingtothedoorway,Jennytookadeepbreath.2.Holdingthenecklaceinherhand,Jennyliftedherlip,tearsbeginningtoblurhervision.3.Hearingthis,hermothersmiled,pattingherbackgently.4.Hedoveintothewater,kickinghislegsandstretchinghisarmsasfarashecould.5.Seeingthecoatinthebag,helookedveryastonishedandthencalledhismothertogoout.6.Feelingstrongernow.Janewalkedalongthestream,hopingthatitwouldleadhertothelake.7.Standingbesidetheemptyroad,theylookedupintothesky,feelingthepreciouspeacefromwithin.8.Throwingtheovercoatacrossherarm,shecrossedthehallquietly.9.Rushingtowardsthedoor,sheopenedit,saying,“Here,EdmondhereIam”.10.Hismother,standingatthedoor,criedtearsofjoy.11.Puttingthebookwhereitbelonged,theboytiptoedoutoftheroomaslightlyaspossible.12.Janegottoherfeetshakily,approachedherhusbandandthrewherselfintohisarms,sobbinguncontrollablyonhisshoulders.二、二、编织动作“面”动作链是一个人的动作的依次连贯。但是若是想要描述具有画面感，还可以通过构造“动作面”来让语言更丰富。我们可以从整体到局部，从肢体面部到语言心理，从多个角度去描绘一个场景，构造动作面。而构造动作面时，最常用的语法结动作链是一个人的动作的依次连贯。但是若是想要描述具有画面感，还可以通过构造“动作面”来让语言更丰富。我们可以从整体到局部，从肢体面部到语言心理，从多个角度去描绘一个场景，构造动作面。而构造动作面时，最常用的语法结构就是非谓语动词,我们可以从肢体、面部、语言和心理等多个维度来刻画场景。比如：他面带杀气，振臂一挥，大喊：“放箭！”。该句分别从面部表情、肢体动作和语言的角度进行刻画，从而把整个场景编制成一个饱满的动作面。①“动作面”结构①“动作面”结构1:Doing...,主句，doing...例1：Standingbesidetheemptyroad,theylookedupintothesky,feelingthepreciouspeacefromwithin.他们站在空旷的路边，仰望着天空，感受着这份珍贵的平静。例2：Gatheringaroundthecampfire,theyfeastedonBBQ,enjoyingtheunforgettablemoment.围在营火旁，他们吃着烧烤，享受着这一令人难忘的时光。②“动作面”结构②“动作面”结构2:Done...,主句，doing...例1：Terrifiedbythesceneinfrontofhim,hewasrootedtothespot,beingatalosswhattosay.被眼前的这一幕吓坏了，他一动也不动，不知道该说什么。例2：Encouragedbytheteachers’words,Lucyraisedherhand,whispering,“I’lldoit.”被老师的话所鼓舞，露西举起了手，小声说，“我来。”③“动作面”结构③“动作面”结构3:主句，doing...anddoing...例1：Hewasoverwhelmedwithjoy,singinganddancingintherain.他欣喜若狂，在雨中又唱又跳。例2：Heclappedhishandswithexcitement,noddingandsmiling.他激动地鼓掌，一边点头，一边微笑。④“动作面”结构④“动作面”结构4(With)...doing/done...,主句，doing...例1：Withhisheaddrooping,heleanedonthetree,reflectingonwhathadhappened.他头耷拉着，背靠在树上，反思之前发生的一切。三、三、“三招式”完成动作描写袁枚说过袁枚说过:“一切诗文,总须字立纸上,不可字卧纸上。人活则立,人死则卧,用笔亦然”。这个“活”就要依赖动作描写，因为动词的最突出特点就是“活”。人物的每一个行动都受其思想、性格制约。因此，具体、细致地描写某一人物在某一情况下所做出的反应，主要是动作反应，就势必显示出了这一人物的内心活动、处世态度、思想品质。成功的动作描写可以交代人物的身份、地位，可以反映人物心理活动的进程，表现人物的性格特征，创造生动的画面和活跃的场景，推动情节的发展。招式招式一：精致措辞具体替代笼统常见动词升级示例：“说”：低语whisper/mumble/murmur，结巴：stutter，宣布announce/declare，保证promise/assure，建议propose/suggest，喊叫：cryout/shout/scream/yell/exclaim/howl（因疼痛、愤怒、开心等）大声叫喊，roar咆哮，吼叫，sign叹息boast自夸“看”：catchaglanceof瞥一眼/stareat/gazeat凝视/glareat怒视/glueone’seyesto盯着;sbcan’ttakeone’seyesoff无法将视线移开castameaningful/suspiciouslookatsb意味深长地/怀疑地看着blink眨眼looksbintheeye直视“走”：walk/stroll散步,tiptoe/creep手蹑脚地走，slip,stealinto溜走，march齐步走stride/prance阔步走pace踱步limp蹒跚“抓”：seize/grasp/grab/clutch/takeholdof/catchholdof/holdonto“跑”：rush/dash/race猛冲,急速移动；risetoone’sfeet站起来；spring/jumptoone’sfeet一跃而起,跳起；slide/slipinto溜进；fleeaway逃跑“跳”：spring/jumptoone’sfeet一跃而起,跳起；risetoone’sfeet站起来“哭”：weep,sob(啜泣)“吃”：bite(咬)chew（咀嚼)swallow(吞下)技法示例：1.她看了一眼。Sheglancedathim.升级：Sheshotherameaningfullook.她向他意味深长地看了一眼。2.贝利紧盯着他。Bellilookedathimclosely.升级：Belli’sdiamondeyeslockedontoher.贝利钻石般的眼睛紧盯着她。3.我把他的名字忘记了。Iforgothisname.升级：Hisnamehadcompletelyslippedfrommymemory.他的名字，我竟忘得一干二净。4.小男孩对他妈妈说对不起。Thelittleboysaidsorrytohismother.招式二：动作过程：一帧变三帧（分解合并美化）升级：招式二：动作过程：一帧变三帧（分解合并美化）Step1分解动作Dividetheactionintoseveralsteps；Step2合并动作Combineachainofactionstogether；Step3美化动作Modifyandbeautifytheaction；类型1：主语+谓语A,BandC.动作链一般以三连动为主，多个动作一气呵成，紧凑而有节奏感，使得描写非常生动。[注意]动作链的三个或者以上的动作，必须在时态上保持一致，常常采用A,BandC的格式。我参加颁奖仪式的上台动作:面带微笑—走上舞台—骄傲地挺起胸膛Iworeasmileonmyface,strodeontothestageandpuffedoutmychestwithpride.获奖后老师对我的赞扬的动作：朝我眨眼睛—竖起了大拇指—绽放笑容Iwasgreetedbymyteacher'ssmilingeyes.“Welldone!”heblinkedatme,gavemeathumbs-upandbroadenedaradiant（灿烂的）smile.[注意]也可以加上介词词组或者副词对动作进行美化：with+情感名词的搭配：withdelight/excitement/pleasure/happiness/joy/satisfaction/anger/rage/patience/fear/terror/embarrassment/pride/caution/care/patience/certaintywith+身体部位：withhisbrighteyes/itssharpteeth/hershakyhand/herpalelips…in+名词：insurprise/amazement/shock/sorrow伤心inahigh/low/sweet/loud/soft/weakvoice用..的嗓音inatoneofsurprise/curiosity/impatience/regret/command用...的语气副词suddenly/immediately/instantly/rapidly/firmly/slowly/angrily/happily/excitedlyWithagiantsmileonherface,shedashedforward,kneltdownandgatheredherdaughterintoherarmstightly.Hepulledmyfacetowardshimwithpatience,wipedmytears,andpattedmyheadgently.Puttingonmycoathurriedly,Igrabbedmyschoolbagandrushedtotheschoollikeanarrow.类型2：非谓语doing（表示主动，与谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生）,主语+谓语and谓语.他鼓起勇气，然后用一块湿毛巾去捂住自己的嘴和鼻，冲进着火的房间。Hegatheredhiscourageandthenusedawettoweltocoverhismouthandnose,dashingintotheburningroom.Gatheringthecourage,hethenusedawettoweltocoverhismouthandnose,dashingintotheburningroom.类型3：非谓语done(作为状语表示被动/心理/状态）,主语+谓语+无灵主语句沉浸于快乐中，我的老师向我挥手并表达他对我的真诚祝贺，一股幸福的感觉立刻向我袭来。Immersedintheenjoyment,hewavedatmeandexpressedhissincerecongratulationsonme,awaveofhappinessimmediatelysweptoverme.类型4：非谓语Havingdone（先于主句谓语动作发生）,主语+谓语A.听从了老师的指导之后，我才开始用有趣的方式去与热情的观众互动。Havingfollowedhisteacher’sinstructions,Ibegantointeractwiththeenthusiasticaudienceinafunnyway.技法示例：1.她抱住女儿。Shehuggedherdaughter.分解：dashforwardkneedowngather合并：Shedashedforward,kneltdownandgatheredherdaughterintoherarms.美化：Withagiantsmileonherface,shedashedforward,kneltdownandgatheredherdaughterintoherarmstightly.2.她去捉蝴蝶。Shewenttocatchthebutterfly.分解：creep爬,bend弯腰,cup（使成杯型）合并：Shecreptalongthepath,bentoverandcuppedherhandsaroundthebutterfly.美化：Shecreptalongthepath,bentoverswiftlyandcuppedherhandsaroundthebutterflygently.她蹑手蹑脚地走着小路，迅速弯下腰，轻轻地绕着蝴蝶。3.朝狼扔石块。分解：Pickupaimatthrow合并：Havingpickedupastone,heaimedatthewolfandthrewittothewolf.美化：Havingpickedupastonefirmly,heaimedatthefiercewolfcarefullyandthrewitstraighttothewolfwithallhisstrength.4.我早上匆忙去上学。分解：Putonmycoatgrabbedmyschoolbagrushedtoschool合并：Iputonmycoat,grabbedmyschoolbagandrushedtotheschool.美化：Puttingonmycoathurriedly,Igrabbedmyschoolbagandrushedtotheschoollikeanarrow.5.这个歌手在台上唱歌。分解：Glancedattheaudiencetookadeepbreathbegantosing合并：Thesingerglancedattheaudience,tookadeepbreathandbegantosing.美化：Anxiouslyglancingattheaudience,thesingertookadeepbreathandbegantosingwithemotion.招式三：动作美化：多角度摄像招式三：动作美化：多角度摄像把动作和面部表情，声音,心理，语言,环境等结合，形成动作面。从整体→局部，从肢体→面部→语言/心理描写，从多个角度描绘一个场景。Type1：Done，句子主干，doing受到老师的话鼓励，Tom举起手,低声说:”我决定参加.”Encouragedbytheteacher'swords,Tomraisedherhand,whispering/murmuring,“Idecidetoparticipateinit.”被吓得要死，麦克面色苍白，像一片树叶一样浑身颤抖。Frightenedtodeath,Macturnedaswhiteasasheet,tremblingalloverlikealeaf.Type2：Doing,句子主干，doing站在草地上，他们拉着手，抬头看着天空，感受着来自内心的那份宝贵的宁静。Standingonthegrass,theyheldhandstogetherandlookedupintothesky,feelingthepreciouspeacefromwithin.内心充满愤怒，他用他那恐怖的大眼睛瞪着我，吼道：“你是个傻子”Burningwithanger,heglaredatmewithhisbigfrighteningeyes,yelling,“You’resuchanidiot.”Type3：With复合结构或独立主格结构，句子主干,（doing)手里拿着花,Mindy站在大海旁边,微笑着低头看着自己的花,想象着未来充满前景的生活.Withabunchofflowersinherhands,Mindystoodbesidetheseaandlookeddownattheflowerswithasmile,imaginingherpromisinglifeinthefuture.我的脸气红了，跑上跑下，想要毁掉路上的任何东西。Myfaceredwithanger,Iracedupanddown，wantingtodestroyeverythingthatcameinmyway.技法示例：1.面部睁大眼睛惊恐万分肢体逃走语言/心理大喊妈妈Wideninghiseyesinextremehorror,Sheldonfledaway,screaming,“Mom,help!”2.心理受老师鼓舞肢体举起手语言小声说“我来”Encouragedbytheteacher'swords,heraisedhishand,whispering“Ivolunteer.”受到老师的鼓舞，他举起手，小声说道：“我来”(whisper小声说)四、四、词汇积累头部动作：buried/heldhisheadinhands埋头dropped/lowered/bent/duckedhisheadinshame低头scratched/shook/nodded/raisedhishead挠头/摇头/点头/抬头面部动作：hisfacelitup/brightened/glowed喜形于色Hisfacepaledwithfright吓白了Hisfaceflushed/burnedwithembarrassment面颊发烫woreashiningsmileonone'sface脸上挂着灿烂的笑容beallsmiles满脸笑容hisfacebeamedwithdelight/joy面露喜色Hehadaslightfrownonhisface.愁眉不展眼部动作：fixedone’seyeson/gazedat/staredat/gluedone’seyesto盯着lookedherfatherstraightintheeye直视glaredat/shothimanangrylook怒视glanceat瞥见castheranadmiringglance投去钦佩的目光threwmeafrightenedglance惊恐地看着我narrow/widen/shut/raisehiseyes眯眼/睁大/眯眼/闭眼/抬眼hereyesshone/sparked/sparkled/glowedwithexcitement闪耀，闪烁hereyesbrimmedwith/filledwithtears眼里充满泪水(with)tearsblurred/cloudedhereyes/vision.模糊双眼tearswelledupinmyeyes泪水涌出来Tearsrolled/streamed/flowed/pouredhischeeks/face流下来嘴部动作：bitehislips咬唇cupped/coveredhismouth捂住嘴Myheartwasinmymouth心提到嗓眼Hefroze,hismouthhangingopen.呆住了，嘴张开着Hismouthwidenedtoasmile.咧嘴笑。耳部动作：hiswordswasringinginhisears在耳边萦绕Hewasbeaming/Hesmiledfromeartoear.他笑得合不拢嘴Myheartwaspounding/ringing/echoinginmyears.心在怦怦地跳手部动作：took/heldthechild'shand牵手wavedone’sarms挥舞着胳膊;pattedsbontheshoulder拍...肩膀threwoneselfintoone’sarms投入...的怀抱gathered/lockedherinherarms拥抱heldout/reachedoutahand伸出手reachedhishandintohispocket伸进口袋clapped/raisedhishands拍/举手腿部动作：draggedhislegsbackhome拖着腿rushedinto冲进去slippedinto溜进去quickenedone’space加快步伐kneltdown跪下stormedin/out冲进来/出去fledaway逃走strodeaway阔步走开rosetohisfeetonshakylegs颤抖地站起来脚部动作：draggedherfeet拖着缓慢的步子jumped/rose/leaped/sprungtoherfeet跳起来stamped/tappedhisfeet跺脚struggledtoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来;心脏动作：One’sheartsank/dropped心情沉重heartmelted心软/心融化了heartbeatfast/wildly心跳加快heartpoundedwithexcitement心砰砰跳one’sheartached心痛五、五、动作描写的4个技巧连贯动作法连贯动作法连贯动作法一般用来描写一个人的动作过程，如跳高、跳远、游泳、切菜、烧饭、钓鱼、挑水等。描写连贯动作时，要按动作的顺序依次进行描写，这样文章才能通顺、连贯。其次要准确地运用动词描写人物的行为。在描写每一个动作时，不仅要写清人物做了什么，还要写出人物是在什么情境、背景下做的，是怎么做的——写出人物动作表现时的神态、语言、心理等。·Hegrabbedtheball,dribbleditdownthecourt,andslammeditthroughthehoop.他抓住球，运球穿过球场，然后大力扣篮。·Shepickedupherbooks,slungherbackpackoverhershoulder,andhurriedoutthedoor.她拿起书，把背包甩到肩上，匆匆出了门。·Hesnatchedthepaperfromthetable,scanneditquickly,andthentosseditaside.他从桌子上抓起论文，快速地扫了一眼，然后扔到了一边。·Shegrabbedherpurse,slungitoverhershoulder,andhurriedoutofthestore.她抓起钱包，把它甩到