山东科技大学外国语学院836英语综合历年考研真题汇编合集

目录2005年山东科技大学外国语学院445英语综合考研真题2006年山东科技大学外国语学院446英语综合考研真题2007年山东科技大学外国语学院英语综合考研真题2008年山东科技大学外国语学院英语综合考研真题2009年山东科技大学外国语学院英语综合考研真题

2010年山东科技大学外国语学院841英语综合考研真题2011年山东科技大学外国语学院841英语综合考研真题2012年山东科技大学外国语学院856英语综合考研真题2013年山东科技大学外国语学院852英语综合考研真题2014年山东科技大学外国语学院852英语综合考研真题2015年山东科技大学外国语学院836英语综合考研真题

2005年山东科技大学外国语学院445英语综合考研真题I.Definethefollowingtermswithexample.(30%)1．Minimalpairs2．Acronym3．Closed-classwords4．Stem5．Prosodicfeaturesoflanguage6．Denotation7．Back-formation8．Collocation9．Theheadword10．Behaviorism11．Homonymy12．Illocutionary13．Performance14．Synchroniclinguistics15．BroadtranscriptionII.Completethefollowingtesttofindouthowmuchyouknowaboutbasiclinguistics.(20%)1．Whichoftheseisthebestdefinitionofsyntax?

A.ThestudyoftherulesgoverningthesoundsthatformwordsB.ThestudyoftherulesgoverningsentenceformationC.Thestudyoftherulesgoverningwordformation2．WhichofthesemorphemescanthemajorityofEnglishnounshaveaddedtothem?A.-ingB.-erC.-sD.un-3．Inwhichsentencedothedotsreplaceanoun?A.Theycan…themB.Theycan…C.Hehasno…4．InFrenchnounscanshowgender(amongotherfeatures).Whatfeature(s)cannounsinEnglishshow?A.caseonlyB.numberonlyC.numberandcaseD.numberandperson5．WhichofthesemorphemescanalmostallEnglishverbshaveaddedtothem?

A.-ingB.un-C.-ly6．Identifythesentenceshowingaverbinthethirdpersonpluralinthepresenttense:A.YoueatthemB.IeatcakeC.TheyeatthemD.Theyeatcake7．Whattypeofwordisbestclassifiedusingsemanticfeatures?A.nounB.verbC.determinerD.preposition8．WhichbestdescribestheEnglishlanguage?A.Englishhascomplexmorphologyandlessrigidsyntax.B.Englishhaslesscomplexmorphologybutmorerigidsyntax.C.Englishhascomplexmorphologyandrigidsyntax.9．Whichsentencedescribesinflectionalmorphology?A.Addingamorphemetoproduceanewwordbutthesamelexeme.B.Addingamorphemetoproduceanewwordanddifferentlexeme.

C.Addingamorphemetoproducethesamewordbutdifferentlexeme.10．Howmanydifferentlexemesarethereinfollowinglist?Man,men,girls,girl,mouse.A.1B.2C.3D.4III.Thefollowingaremultiple-choicequestions.MarkyouranswerbywritingA,B,C,orDonyouranswersheet.(20%)1．Allexpertsagreethatthemostimpairmentconsiderationwithdietdrugsiscarefully______therisksandbenefits.A.weighingB.valuingC.evaluatingD.distinguishing2．Anotherbigissue______thenewrepublicistheproblemoftheeducationofitscitizens.A.confiningB.confirmingC.conformingD.confronting3．Themost______technologicalsuccessinthetwentiethcenturyis

probablythecomputerrevolution.A.prominentB.prosperousC.SolemnD.prevalent4．Theyoungerperson’sattractiontostereoscannotbeexplainedonly_____familiaritywithtechnology.A.bymeansofB.intermsC.inquestD.byvirtueof5．Somechildrendisplayan______curiosityabouteverynewthingtheyencounter.A.incredibleB.infectiousC.incompatibleD.inaccessible6．Theywerewaitingin_____silenceforthecomingofthegreatscientist.A.respectedB.respectableC.respectful

D.respective7．Recentlyaworldplantoattackilliteracyhasbeen______byacommitteeofUNESCOexpert,andaninternationalconferenceonthesubjecthasalsobeenheld.A.outofhandB.outoforderC.outofplaceD.outofway8．Westartedburningsomeleavesinouryard,butthefiregot______andhadtocallthefirebrigadetoputitout.A.outofhandB.outoforderC.outofplaceD.outofway9．Hefeltitratherdifficulttotakeastand______theopinionofthemajority.A.againstB.byC.toD.in10．Asasalesman,heworksona(n)______basis,taking10%ofeverythinghesells.

A.incomeB.commissionC.salaryD.pension11．Facedwithrapidinflationandshrinkingintentionalandhomemarkets,manyfirmshavedeclared______.A.lessenedB.exhaustedC.bankruptedD.decreased12．Thedifferences,intermsoflifetimeexperiences,betweentheaveragestudentwhogoestocollegesandtheaveragestudentwhodoesnot,areso______tothecollege-goingstudentthatanystudentwhocanreachcollegeowesittohimselftodoso.A.preferableB.favorableC.convenientD.compulsory13．Asa______actor,hecanPerform,sing,danceandplayseveralkindsofmusicalinstruments.A.flexibleB.versatile

C.sophisticatedD.productive14．Theboycyclinginthestreetwasknockeddownbyaminibusandreceived______injuries.A.fatalB.excessiveC.disastrousD.exaggerated15．Inordertobeissuedapassport,onemusteitherpresentlegaldocumentsorcallawitnessto______toone’sidentity.A.modifyB.amplifyC.dignifyD.testify16．Inliterature,caricaturesusuallycontainverbal______throughwhichthewriterachievescomicandoftensatiriceffects.A.humorB.interactionC.exaggerationD.banter17．Thenumberofdeathscigarettesmokingclearlyoutweigh_____allotherfactors,whethervoluntaryorinvoluntary,asacauseofdeath.

A.attributedtoB.contributedtoC.connectingwithD.relevantto18．SomeprofessorsprefertocontroldiscU8Sinnwhileothersprofiteertoguidetheclasswithout______it.A.enforcingB.dominatingC.enhancingD.disposing19．Byusingsignalwordsto______whatmayconenext,thereadercandecidewhetherheshoulduphisreading,sloworpausetomakesurewhatisbeingreadisunderstood.A.presumeB.presentC.precedeD.predict20．Bythemid-sixties,theoutputofforks______awordscaleapproachedthegreatfigureof1000tilesperday.A.inB.onC.at

D.forIV.Giveashortanswertothefollowingquestions.(35%)TGisrulebasedgrammar.TherulesofTGarerewriterules.Thatistosay,theyrewriteonesymbolasanotherorasseveralothersoronesetofsymbolsbyanotheruntileventuallythesentencesofthelanguagearegenerated.Therulesstartwithsymbols‘S’(sentence)andthenasequenceofrulesrewritethissymboluntilasentenceisproduced.ThusA→BCmeansrewriteAasBC.Pleasegiveasimplesetofrulesifwewishtogenerateasentencelike“Amanreadthebook”.(10%)

2006年山东科技大学外国语学院446英语综合考研真题I.Definethefollowingtermswithexamples.(30%)1．Arbitrariness2．Phonology3．CardinalVowels4．Suprasegmentalfeatures5．Lexeme6．Concord7．ICAnalysis8．ThemevsRheme9．Schemata10．Corcodance11．CommunicativeCompetence12．Interlanguage13．TheIdeationalfunction14．Casegrammar15．ComplementarydistributionII.MarkthefollowingstatementsTfortrueandFforfalse.(10%)1．Platohasbeencalledbysomethe“fatherofgrammarintheWesternWorld”.

2．Sensemaybedefinedasthesemanticrelationsbetweenonelinguisticunitandtheotherone.3．Themetalingualfunctionoflanguagereferstothefunctionoflanguagethatcanbeusedtotalkaboutitself.4．Deepstructuremaybedefinedastheabstractrepresentationofthesyntacticpropertiesofconstitutes.5．ThetermANAPHORinthetheoryofbindingisusedtoincludebothpronominalsandreflexives.6．Adiagnosistestisdesignedtodiscovermainlywhatthetesteedoesnotknowaboutthelanguage.7．ThetheoryofcontextofsituationwasproposedbyJ.R.Firth,aBritishlinguist.8．NoamChomsky’sT.G.grammarhasbeenconsideredbymanypeopleasaninsurrectionagainstBloomfieldianlinguisticsandbehavioristpsychology.9．Theso-calledGreatVowelShiftservesasaroughandreadymeansofdemarcatingoldEnglishfromMiddleEnglish.10．TheearliestsignificantworkincomparinglanguagewasdonebyanEnglishmanWilliamJones.(1749-1794)III.Completethefollowingteststofindouthowmuchyouknowaboutbasiclinguistics.(30%)1．Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthedefinitionoftheterm“parsing”?A.Aninscriptionthatsymbolizesawordortheideabehindawordratherthanillustratinganactualobject.B.Thepropertyofhavingtwoormoredistinctmeanings.C.Theanalysisofthewordsofasentenceaccordingtopartsofspeechandthesyntacticalarrangementofthewordsinasentence.

D.Thetendencytochoosetheeasierformofalinguisticunitandgraduallyphaseoutthemoredifficult.2．Whichfollowingcanbedescribedas“voiced,labiodentalandfricative”?A./b/B./v/C./f/D./s/3．Whichofthefollowingcanbecalled“rhymed”?A.cat/dogB.life/knifeC.stake/stoodD.take/took4．ItwasJohnAustinwhowrote_____.A.HOWTODOTHINGSWITHWORDSB.ANINTRODUCTIONTOTHEORETICALLINGUISTLCSC.THECHANGINGENGLISHLANUGAED.SPEECHACTS:ANESSAYINTHEPHILOSOPHYOFLANGUAGE5．WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.Ja.Gumpersisasociolinguist.B.A.Gimsonisaphonetician.C.RandolphQuirkisagrammarian.

D.R.Whorfisapsycholinguist.6．Theideaofmakingadistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewassuggestedby_____.A.NoamChomskyB.JacobGrimmC.FranzBoasD.L.Bloomfield7．LANGUAGE:ANINTRODUCTIONTOTHESTUDYOFSPEECHwaswrittenby_____.A.EdwardSapirB.LeonardBloomfieldC.OttoJespersenD.BernardBlooch8．AppliedLinguisticsbecameascience_____.A.inthelatterhalfthe19thcenturyB.inthefirstquarterofthe19thcenturyC.inthefortiesofthe20thcenturyD.inthesixtiesofthe20thcentury9．TransformationalgrammarhasgivenspecialvigortothelinguisticsworkintheU.Ssince_____.A.thefirstquarterofthe20thcentury

B.theendoftheWorldWarIIC.thelatefiftiesofthe20thcenturyD.thebeginningofWorldWordII10．Acronymsarewords_____.A.differentinmeaningbutidenticalinsoundB.formedfromtheinitiallettersofwordsandpronouncedaswordsC.formedfromtheinitiallettersofwordsandpronouncedaslettersD.borrowedfromanotherlanguage11．A“spinster”wasoriginallya“womanspinner”,nowitmeansas“unmarriedwoman”.Thisisknownas_____.A.extensionofmeaningB.degradationofmeaningC.elevationofmeaningD.narrowingofmeaning12．WhichofthefollowingwordsisaFrenchborrowing?A.operaB.windowC.regimeD.wine13．“Toerrishuman,toforgivedivine.”Inthissentencetheauthorusedafigureofspeechknownas_____.

A.antithesisB.metaphorC.simileD.euphemism14．WhenWordsworthwrote“thechildisfatheroftheman”hewasusingthefigureofspeechknownas_____.A.ironyB.paradoxC.euphemismD.pun15．Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthedefinitionoftheterm“isogloss”?A.Awordrelatedtoawordinanotherlanguagethroughacommonancestorlanguage.B.AlineonalinguisticAtlasindicatingtheareaofusageofaparticularlinguisticterm.C.Atableshowingthecompleteinflexionofaword.D.Aprocessbywhichstructuralpatternsaremodifiedorcreatedtoconformtoexistingpatterns.IV.Giveshortanswerstothefollowingquestions.Useexamplestoillustrateyourpointwherenecessary.(30%)1．Explainandgiveexamplestoshowinwhatwaycomponentialanalysisissimilartotheanalysisofphonemesintodistinctivefeatures.

2．Useaddresstermstoillustratehowsocialstatusismanagedthroughlanguage.3．Thenotionof“illocutionaryact”isimportantinthestudyofspeechacttheory.Definethenotionandexplainwithexampleswhyitisimportant.4．Itiswidelyrecognizedthatlanguagechangeisinevitable,constant,anduniversal.Withexamples,provideexplanationsforsomemajorfactorsthattriggerlanguagechange.5．AccordingtothestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,languagedeterminesspeakers’perceptionsandpatternstheirwayoflife.How,inyourview,doeslanguagerelatetothoughtandculture.V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)1．Whatkindofrolelanguageplaysinhumanlife?2．Inwhatwaysarespeech-handicappedpeoplehelpedwiththeircommunication?VI.Literature1．Nametheauthorofthefollowingliteraryworks:a.ThePassionateshepherdtoHisLove;b.TheMollontheFloss;c.Break,Break,Break;d.APortraitoftheArtistAsaYoungMan;e.ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage2．MakeacommentontheimageofRobinsonCrusoe.3．WhatarethefeaturesofCharlesDickens’snovels?4．What’sNathanielHawthorne’s“black”visionoflifeandhumanbeings?5．Readthefollowingpassageandthenanswerthequestions…..Iglancedbackonce.AwaferofamoonwasshiningoverGatsby’shouse,makingthenightfineasbefore,andsurvivingthelaughterandthesoundofhisstillglowinggarden.Asuddenemptinessseemedtoflownowfromthewindowsandthegreatdoors,endowingwithcompleteisolationthe

figureofthehost,whostoodontheporch,hishandupinaformalgestureoffarewell.A.Identifytheauthorandthetitleofthenovelfromwhichthispassageistaken.B.Thepassagedescribestheendofanevent.Whatisit?C.Whatimpliedmeaningcanyougetfromreadingthispassage?

2007年山东科技大学外国语学院英语综合考研真题第一部分：英语语言学知识一、Definethefollowingterms.Bebriefbutmakesureyouhavefullydefinedtheconcept.(Useexampleswhereyoucan)（每题2分，共30分）1．phoneme2．allophone:3．complementarydistribution4．overlappingdistribution5．minimalpair6．Semanticchange7．Vowel8．Backformation9．Root10．Connotation11．Reference12．Openclass13．Syntax14．Pragmatics15．Illocutionaryact二、Identifyingphones:WritetheIPAsymbolforthesounddescribed.（每题2分，共10分）

1．voicelessalveolarfricative2．voicedvelarnasal3．highbackroundedtensevowel4．voicelessalvelolarlateralliquid5．voicedinterdentalfricative三、Identifythemaximviolatedandtheimplicatureraisedinthefollowinginterchange.（每题5分，共10分）1．BIFF:Where’sSue?TAMMY:There’sablueVWparkedinfrontofEd’shouse.2．Youwalkintothelivingroom,whereyourroommateisreadingabook.Youaskwhatheisreading,andhereplies,“Abook.”四、Spanishvoicedobstruents（共12分）五、Considerthefollowingspeechacts（每题5分，共10分）I.Signonadoor,intendedtokeeppeoplefromwalkinginunannounced:Knockbeforeentering.II.Priestduringchristeningceremony:IchristenthisbabyNatasha.III.Bosstoemployee,intendedtogetemployeetocomeinforabriefmeeting:Whydon’tyoucomeintomyofficeforasecond?1．Whatisthesyntacticformofspeechact(I)?Ofspeechact(III)?(Choosefrom:declarative,imperative,wh-interrogative,yes-nointerrogative)2．Whattypeofspeechactis(I)?Whattypeofspeechactis(II)?(Choosefrom:commissive,declaration,directive,expressive,question,representative)六、Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible,givingexamplesifnecessary.（每题4分，共28分）1．Explaintherelationbetweensurfacestructureanddeepstructure.2．Howaresemanticmeaningandpragmaticmeaningrelated?3．Usetheappropriatephrasestructurerulestodrawalabeledconstituentstructuretreediagram:Theyounggirlwenttothecinema.4．Whatmakesmodernlinguisticsdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar?5．Readthefollowingwordsandtrytotellhowtheyareformed.StudyWTOSitcomWindow-shopInternationalization

6．TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChineseorEnglish:PerlocutionaryactRegisterIdeationalfunctionPresuppositionPhaticcommunion语言能力言内行为互补分布互为下义词应用语言学7．Supposeyouarestudyingabroad,doyouknowhowtoimproveyourspeechactcompetence?第二部分：英美文学知识七、Readthepoem,andanswerthequestionsthatfollow.(10points)

(1)DefinethetermIAMBICPENTAMETERwithexamplesfromthepoem.(6points)(2)Paraphrasetheitalicizedlines.(2points)(3)Whatdothelasttwolinessuggest?(2points)八、Readthefollowingpassage,andexplainHeathcliff’sBITTERNESStowardandPASSIONforCatherine.(10points)“Youteachmenowhowcruelyou’vebeen-cruelandfalse.WHYdidyoudespiseme?WHYdidyoubetrayyourownheart,Cathy?Ihavenotonewordofcomfort.Youdeservethis.Youhavekilledyourself.Yes,youmaykissme,andcry;andwringoutmykissesandtears:they’llblightyou–they’lldamnyou.Youlovedme-thenwhatRIGHThadyoutoleaveme?Whatright-answerme-forthepoorfancyyoufeltforLinton?Becausemiseryanddegradation,anddeath,andnothingthatGodorSatancouldinflictwouldhavepartedus,YOU,ofyourownwill,didit.Ihavenotbrokenyourheart-YOUhavebrokenit;andinbreakingit,youhavebrokenmine.Somuchtheworseforme,thatIamstrong.DoIwanttolive?Whatkindoflivingwillitbewhenyou-oh,God!WouldYOUliketolivewithyoursoulinthegrave?”FromWutheringHeights九、WhatliteraryschooldoUlyssesandTheSoundandFurybelongto?Whatfeaturesarepeculiartothisschool?(10points)十、TheScarletLetterisastoryofguilt.ExplainhowDimmesdaleandHesterreacttotheirsharedsindifferently.(20points)

2008年山东科技大学外国语学院英语综合考研真题第一部分：英语语言学知识一、Definethefollowingterms.Useexampleswherenecessary.（每题2分，共20分）1．Duality2．Polysemy3．Allophone4．Morpheme5．Hyponymy6．Assimilation7．Back-formation8．Componentialanalysis9．Concord10．Pidgin二、Translatethefollowingterms.（每题1分，共10分）1．PutthefollowingtermsintoChinese.a)bilingualismb)allophonec)registerd)languageacquisition

e)dialectalsynonyms2．PutthefollowingtermsintoEnglish.a)最小对立体b)双唇音c)表层结构d)发音语言学e)言外行为三、GivethedescriptionofthefollowingsoundsegmentsinEnglish.（每题2分，共10分）1．[p]2．[ŋ]3．[d]4．[u:]5．[i]四、Choosethebestanswertoeachquestion（每题1分，共10分）1．Thewordfor“书”isbookinEnglishand“livre”inFrench.Whichdesignfeatureoflanguagedoesthisillustrate?A.dualityB.creativityC.displacementD.arbitrariness

2．Whatfunctiondothegreetings“Howareyou?”inEnglishand“你吃了吗？”inChineseperform?A.phaticcommunionB.emotivefunctionC.metalingualfunctionD.poeticfunction3．WhichofthefollowingpairsofwordsmakesaminimalpairinEnglish?A.beat,beakB.late,ratC.bite,rideD.file,frail4．Therelationbetween“alive”and“dead”,“male”and“female”areantonymy.Theybelongto________.A.gradableantonymB.complementaryantonymC.converseantonymD.completeantonym5．“Whohaveyouspokentotoday?”iswhatpeopleusuallysay.Butthetraditionalgrammarwouldinsistthatpeoplesay“whomhaveyouspokentotoday?”Thisshowsthedistinctionbetween________and________.A.langue…paroleB.competence…performance

C.description…prescriptionD.macrolinguistics…microlinguistics6．Ofthewaysofwordformation,“televise”isanexampleof________.A.compoundB.back-formationC.suffixationD.functionalshift7．Thewordbeginningwithalabiodentalsconsonantis________.A.fishB.ringC.bringD.popular8．Thewordbeginningwithaglottalis_______.A.hourB.hatC.linkD.thing9．Yourwordknowledgeisstoredinamentaldictionary,called_______.A.lexiconB.wordstorage

C.workingdictionaryD.wordformation10．________isthelinguisticreflectionoftherelationshipthelanguageuserhastothemediumoftransmission.A.discourseB.fieldofdiscourseC.tenorofdiscourseD.modeofdiscourse五、Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.（每题5分，共30分）1．Analyzethefollowing-ingformsthatmodifythenounsanddistinguishthem.Awalkingstick,awalkingmanSleepingbills,asleepingbeauty2．Discussthemeaningofthefollowingthreephrases.a)thebridgetobebuiltb)thebridgebeingbuiltc)thebridgebuilt3．Givethefullformsofthefollowingwordsanddiscusshowtheyarecreated.USA,UK,IPA,LAD4．Studytheunderlinedmorphemesinthefollowingtwogroups,anddiscusstheirdifferences.

Thefirstgroup:conservation,amusement,survival,carefulThesecondgroup:Mary’s,tables,passed,eating5．Describeinwhatwaysthefollowingexpressionsare“ambiguous”.a)Theshootingofthehunteristerrible.b)Visitingscholarscanbeanuisancec)Sheistakingcareoftheoldmenandwomen.6．Studythepronunciationofthepluralformsofthefollowingnounsanddiscusstherulesthatgovernthem.a)tables,beds,pillows,sofasb)seats,bunks,cups,quiltsc)benches,bridges,mattresses,cases六、Discussthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible,givingexamplesifnecessary.（每题10分，共20分）1．IfAristotlehadspokenChinese,hislogicwouldhavebeendifferent.Giveyourcommentonthestatement.2．DiscussthemothertongueinterferenceyouhaveobservedorexperiencedinlearningEnglish.第二部分：英美文学知识1．Answerthequestionsbasedonthepoembelow.(共10分)(1)Identifythetitleandtheauthorofthepoem.(4分)(2)Whatdoesthepoemmean?(6分)2．Answerthequestionsbasedonthereadingpassagebelow.(共20分)Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.Howeverlittleknownthefeelingsorviewsofsuchamanmaybeonhisfirstenteringaneighborhood,thistruthissowellfixedinthemindsofthesurroundingfamilies,thatheisconsideredastherightfulpropertyofsomeoneorotheroftheirdaughters.“MydearMr.Bennet,”saidhisladytohimoneday,“haveyouheardthatNetherfieldParkisletatlast?”Mr.Bennetrepliedthathehadnot.“Butitis,”returnedshe;“forMrs.Longhasjustbeenhere,andshetoldmeallaboutit.”Mr.Bennetmadenoanswer.“Donotyouwanttoknowwhohastakenit?”criedhiswifeimpatiently.“Youwanttotellme,andIhavenoobjectiontohearingit.”Thiswasinvitationenough.FromPrideandPrejudice,ChapterI(1)Fromwhoseperspectivedoesthespeakerreachtheconclusionthat“asinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife”?(4分)(2)Whatliteraryeffecthasthenarrationachievedthroughsuchperspective?(6分)(3)HowdothedirectandindirectspeechescontributetothecharacterizationoftheBennets?(10分)

3．F.ScottFitzgerald’sTheGreatGatsbyisaconcentratedmeditationon“theAmericandream,”understoodasthefaiththatanyone,evenofthemosthumbleorigins,canattainwealthandsocialstandingintheUnitedStatesthroughtalentandindividualinitiative.HowdoyouinterpretGatsby’sgreatness?(20分)

2009年山东科技大学外国语学院英语综合考研真题Partoe:Linguistics(100points)I.Definitions(30points)1．Consonant2．Competence3．Displacement4．Synchroniclinguistics5．Phoneme6．Supra-segmentalfeatures7．Code-switching8．Cohesion9．Rhyme10．Acronym11．Allomorphs12．Inflectionalmorphemes13．Conceptualmeaning14．Hyponymy15．BilingualismII.BlankFilling(15points)1．Languageisasystemof______symbolsusedforhumancommunication.

2．Ifalinguistlaysdownsomerulesandaskspeopletospeakaccordingtotheserules,heorsheisconsideredtobe______.3．Fromapsychologicalpointofview,linguistic______istheactualrealizationofthespeaker’sknowledge.4．Asyllableusuallyconsistsofthreeparts:the______,thenucleus(peak),andthecoda.5．______referstothechangeofasoundasaresultoftheinfluenceofanadjacentsound.6．InEnglish,nouns,verbs,adjectivesandadverbsmakeupthelargestpartofthevocabulary.Thesewordsaresometimescalled______words,sincewecanregularlyaddnewwordstotheseclasses.7．______referstoanabnormaltypeofword-formationwhereashorterwordisderivedbydeletinganimaginedaffixfromalongerformalreadyexistinginthelanguage.8．______isabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiestherulesgoverningthecombinationofwordsintosentences.9．Pairsofwordslikegood/bad,long/short,big/smallareexamplesof______antonyms.______10．Componentialanalysisdefinesthemeaningofalexicalelementintermsof______.11．Inlearningasecondlanguage,alearnerwillsubconsciouslyusehisL1knowledge,thisprocessiscalledlanguage______.12．Sucherrorsas“teached”and“womans”arecausedby______.13．A______isamixedandlimitedlanguageusedforsomepracticalpurposesbygroupsofpeoplewhodonotknoweachother’slanguage.14．______isatypeofcontrolinwhichawordofacertainclassdeterminestheformofothersintermsofcertaincategory.

15．Theterm,communicativecompetence,wasfirstraisedby______.III.TrueorFalseQuestions(15points)1．Psycholinguistics,sociolinguistics,andanthropologicallinguisticsarethebranchesofmacro-linguistics.2．Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.3．Articulatoryphonetics,acousticphoneticsandauditoryphoneticsstudyspeechsounds.4．Thepartoflinguisticsthatstudiesthelanguagesofliteratureistermedliterarystylistics.5．Thesound/p/intheword“expensive”ispronouncedasavoicelessconsonant.6．Thehardroofofmouthiscalledhardpalate.7．Freemorphemesarethosethatcannotoccurasseparatewordswithoutaddingothermorphemes.8．Partialconversionandfullconversionareconcernedwithverbswhenconvertedtonouns.9．Allstylisticfeaturesarelinguisticones,andalllinguisticfeaturesarestylisticones.10．ThetermStreamofConsciousnesswasoriginallycoinedbythephilosopherWilliamJamesinhisPrincipleofPsychologytodescribethefreeassociationofideasandimpressionsinthemind.11．Thesyntagmaticrelationisalsoknownasverticalrelation.12．Regardlessoftheirethnicandculturalbackgrounds,childrenofallcolorsandsocietiesfollowroughlythesameroute/orderoflanguagedevelopment,thoughtheymaydifferintherateoflearning.

13．Sociolinguisticstakesitsprimarytasktomaplinguisticvariationontosocialconditions.14．TheCooperativePrinciple,animportantpragmaticprincipleproposedbyP.Grice,aimstoexplainhowwemeanmorethanwesay.15．CommunicativeCompetencehastwocomponents:appropriatenessandperformance.IV.QuestionsandAnswers(20points)1．Drawtreediagramsforthefollowingexpressions:1)Intheearlymorning2)Thehuntersshotbirdswithguns.2．Whatcanlinguisticsdoforlanguagelearningandteaching?3．Howwouldyoudescribethefollowingshortexchangeintermsoftheactionsperformedbythespeaker?Marry:Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithmetomorrow?Jane:I’vegotanexamtomorrow.4．ExplainwithexamplesthevarioustypesofantonymsinEnglish.5．Expressthewaystoasksomeonetopassyouthesaltinfivestagesofformality:(1)frozen,(2)formal,(3)consultant,(4)casual,and(5)intimate.V.AnalysisandDiscussion(20points)1．ReadthefollowingpublicspeechdeliveredbyWinstonS.ChurchillinSpeechonHitler’sInvasionoftheUSSR,andanalyzeitsstylisticfeaturesandeffects:

______Fromthisnothingwillturnus—nothing.Wewillneverparley,wewillnevernegotiatewithHitleroranyofhisgang.Weshallfighthimbyland,weshallfighthimbysea,weshallfighthimintheairuntil,withGod’shelp,wehaveridtheearthofhisshadowandliberateditspeoplesfromhisjoke.2．DiscusssomecausesthatleadtothesystematicoccurrenceoferrorsinEnglishlearningwithyourownexperience.PartTwo:Literature(50points)VI.Readthepoemandanswerthequestionsthatfollowit.(24points)(1)Whichliteraryschooldoesthepoembelongto?(2points)(2)Explainwithexampleshowthepoemreflectstheartisticandideologicalfeaturesofthisschool.(12points)(3)HowdoesthepoemhelpidentifytheauthorasaLakePoet?(5points)(4)Whatisthepoet’sconceptofpoetrydisplayedinthelaststanza?(5points)VII.Discussthestylisticdifferencesbetweenthetwopassagesgivenbelow.Remembertociteappropriateexamplestosupportyourargument(26points)1．ButIsabel,whoknewlittleofthesorts