山东大学外国语学院241英语（外）历年考研真题详解合集

目录2015年山东大学外国语学院241英语（外）考研真题及详解2016年山东大学外国语学院241英语（外）考研真题及详解2017年山东大学外国语学院241英语（外）考研真题及详解2018年山东大学外国语学院241英语（外）考研真题及详解2019年山东大学外国语学院241英语（外）考研真题及详解

2015年山东大学外国语学院241英语（外）考研真题及详解SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C,orDonANSWERSHEET1.(20points)Thename“UnitedNations”wasprobablydevisedbyU.S.PresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt,andthefirstgroupofrepresentativesofthememberstatesmetandsignedadeclarationof(1)_____purposeonNewYear’sDayin1942.Representativesoffive(2)_____workedtogethertodraw(3)_____proposals,completedatDumbartonOaksin1944.Theseproposals,modifiedafter(4)_____attheconferenceonInternationalOrganizationinSanFranciscowhichbeganinApril1945,werefinally(5)_____andsignedastheU.N.Charterby50countrieson26June,1945.Poland,not(6)_____attheconference,signedtheCharterlaterandwasaddedtothelistof(7)_____members.Itwasnotuntilthatautumn,(8)_____,aftertheCharterhadbeen(9)_____approvedandsignedbyChina,France,theU.S.S.R,theU.K.andtheU.S.andbyamajorityoftheotherparticipantsthattheU.N.came(10)_____existence.Thedatewas24October,now(11)_____celebratedasUnitedNationsDay.Theessential(12)_____oftheU.N.aretomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity,todevelopfriendlyrelationsamongnations,tocooperate

internationallyinsolvinginternational(13)_____,social,culturalandhumanproblems,(14)_____respectforhumanrightsandfundamentalfreedoms,andtobeacentreforcoordinatingtheactionsofnationsinattainingthesecommon(15)_____.NocountrytakesprecedenceoveranotherintheU.N.Eachmember’srightsandobligationsarethesame.Allmustcontributetothe(16)_____settlementofinternationaldisputes,andmembershavepledgedtorefrain(17)_____thethreatoruseofforceagainstotherstates.ThoughtheU.N.hasnorighttointerveneinanystate’sinternalaffairs,ittriestoensurethatnon-memberstatesact(18)_____itsprinciplesofinternationalpeaceandsecurity.U.N.membersmustoffereveryassistance(19)_____anapprovedU.N.actionand(20)_____assiststatesagainstwhichtheU.N.istakingpreventiveorenforcementaction.1.A.ordinaryB.usualC.commonD.average2.A.landsB.powersC.armiesD.delegates3.A.upB.outC.downD.on4.A.debateB.quarrelC.disputeD.talk5.A.admittedtoB.decidedonC.permittedofD.agreedon6.A.representingB.representedC.representD.torepresent7.A.former

B.originalC.initialD.formal8.A.thereforeB.otherwiseC.howeverD.nevertheless9.A.reallyB.publiclyC.officiallyD.actually10.A.toB.aboutC.outD.into11.A.universallyB.totally

C.whollyD.worldly12.A.dutiesB.concernsC.affectsD.functions13.A.economicalB.economicC.economyD.economics14.A.creatingB.developingC.promotingD.making15.A.endsB.means

C.targetsD.conclusions16.A.peacefullyB.peaceableC.peaceD.peaceful17.A.fromB.overC.againstD.outof18.A.inresponsetoB.inconnectionwithC.inreferencetoD.inaccordancewith19.A.forB.inC.with

D.to20.A.innowayB.ineverywayC.insomewayD.inaway【答案与解析】1.C句意：1942年新年，首批成员国代表聚会并签署一项联合宣言。common表示“共同的”，在这里指共同的目标，符合题意，故C项正确。ordinary普通的，平凡的。usual通常的，惯例的。average平均的；普通的。2.B句意：1944年五大强国的代表一起草拟提案。在这里power指“大国，强国；政权”，符合题意，故B项正确。land国土。army军队。delegate代表。3.A此处考查固定搭配。drawup表示“草拟，起草”，后可接proposal（提案，提议），符合题意，故A项正确。drawout画出。drawdown拉下（窗帘等）。drawon使用；招致；临近。4.A句意：1945年4月开始的旧金山国际会议讨论了提案后，对其进行了修订。debate讨论，辩论。符合句意，因此A项正确。quarrel争吵。dispute争论。talk谈话。5.D句意：他们……在提案上最终达成一致，并签订为联合国宪章。agreeon“达成一致”，符合题意，故D项正确。beadmittedto被许可进

入。decideon决定，选定。bepermittedof被允许。6.B句意：波兰虽当时没有派代表出席会议但在之后也签署了联合国宪章。represented表示“出席，参加”，含被动意义，符合句意，故B项正确。此处为过去分词做后置定语。7.B句意：波兰也成为了联合国创始成员国之一。original有“最早的，原始的；原版的”之意，强调从最初就一直存在，符合题意，故B项正确。former前任的。initial也表示“开始的，最初的”，强调处于事物的起始阶段。formal正式的。8.C句意：但直到1945年的秋天，在中国、法国、苏联、英国和美国五大国以及其他众多成员国，正式批准和签署联合国宪章之后，联合国才真正成立。由句意可知，本句与前文意思构成转折，强调联合国成立的艰难，however表示转折，符合语境，故C项正确。9.Cofficially“正式地；官方地”，符合题意，故C项正确。really真正地。publicly公开地，公然地。actually实际上，事实上。10.D句意：此处为固定搭配。comeintoexistence诞生，成立。因此D项正确。11.A句意：那天是10月24日，现在全世界将其当作联合国日庆祝。universally普遍地；全世界地。符合句意，故A项正确。totally完全地，全部地。wholly整体地。worldly世上的，世俗的。12.A句意：联合国的主要职责是维持国际和平与安全，发展国家间友好关系，在解决国际经济、社会、文化问题和促进尊重人权及基本自由的人类问题方面进行国际性合作，并且为达到这些共同目标而成为协调各国行动的中心。duty表示“职责；义务”，指“按道德、法律、社会习惯

或良心应尽的本分、义务和责任”，着重“自觉”，符合句意，因此A项正确。function表示“功能，作用；职责，职业”，通常指因职务或职业关系去履行某种职责。concern关心；涉及。affect感情，情感。13.Beconomic“（有关）经济的，经济上的”后接problem，表示“经济问题”，符合题意，故B项正确。economical节俭的；节约的。economy经济；节约；理财。economics经济学。14.C句意：促进尊重人权及基本自由。从后面接respect（尊重）可知promoting（促进）符合题意。故C项正确。create创造。develop发展。make制作。15.Ctarget表示“目标，目的”，常用于正式场合，符合语境，故C项正确。end表示“目的；结尾”，常用于非正式场合。means手段；方法。conclusion结论；总结。16.D句意：所有成员国必须为国际争端的和平解决做出贡献。由名词settlement可知空格处应填形容词，peaceful表示“和平的”，符合句意，故D项正确。peacefully和平地。peaceable温和的，平静的。peace和平。17.A句意：所有成员国都保证不对其他国家进行武力威胁或使用武力。restrainfrom为固定搭配，表示“抑制；制止；阻止……去……”。18.D句意：虽然联合国无权干涉任何一个国家的内部事务，但它却力图确保非成员国也要遵照其国际和平与安全原则行事。inaccordancewith表示“依照；与……一致”，符合题意，故D项正确。inresponseto响应；回答；对……有反应。inconnectionwith与……有关；与……相连。inreferenceto关于。19.B句意：联合国各成员必须尽力协助联合国批准的行动，并且决不

帮助联合国对之采取预防性行动或强制行动的国家。本句中offerassistancein…表示在某事中提供帮助。20.A联系语境，只有innoway（决不）符合题意。故A项正确。ineveryway以各种方式。insomeway有几分，有点。inaway在某种意义上。SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Hightech”and“stateoftheart”aretwoexpressionsthatdescribeverymoderntechnology.Hightechisjustashorterwayofsayinghightechnology.Andhightechnologydescribesanyinvention,systemofdevicethatusesthenewestideasordiscoveriesofscienceandengineering.Whatishightech?Acomputerishightech.Soisacommunicationssatellite.Amodernmanufacturingsystemissurelyhightech.HightechbecameapopularexpressionintheUnitedStatesduringtheearly1980’s.Becauseofimprovementsintechnology,peoplecouldbuymanynew

kindsofproductsinAmericanstores,suchashomecomputers,microwaveovens,etc.Stateoftheart”issomethingthatisasmodernaspossible.Itisaproductthatisbasedontheverylatestmethodsandtechnology.Somethingthatis“stateoftheart”isthenewestpossibledesignorproductofabusinessorindustry.Astateofthearttelevisionset,forexample,usesthemostmodernelectronicdesignandparts.Itisthebestthatonecanbuy.Stateoftheart”isnotanewexpression.Engineershaveuseditforyearstodescribethebestandmostmodernwayofdoingsomething.MillionsofAmericansbegantousetheexpressioninthelate1970’s.Thereasonwasthecomputerrevolution.Everycomputercompanyclaimedthatitscomputerswere“stateoftheart”.Computertechnologychangedsofastthatastateoftheartcomputertodaymightbeoldtomorrow.Theexpression“stateoftheart”becameascommonandpopularascomputersthemselves.Nowallkindsofproductsaresaidtobe“stateoftheart”.21.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Totellhow“hightech”and“stateoftheart”havedeveloped.B.Togiveexamplesofhightech.C.Totellwhat“hightech”and“stateoftheart”are.D.Todescribeverymoderntechnology.

22.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Americanstorescouldprovidenewkindsofproductstothepeople.B.Hightechdescribesatechnologythatisnottraditional.C.“Stateoftheart”isnotaspopularas“hightech”.D.Awoodenploughpulledbyoxenis“stateoftheart”.23.AllthefollowingexamplesarehightechEXCEFT_____.A.amicrowaveovenB.ahomecomputerC.ahandpumpD.asatellite24.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Sincethecomputerrevolution,theexpression“stateoftheart”hasbecomepopular.B.“Stateoftheart”meanssomethingthatisthebestonecanbuy.C.Withtherapiddevelopmentofcomputertechnology,astateoftheartcomputermayeasilybecomeoutofdate.D.Allkindsofproductsare“stateoftheart”nowadays.25.Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.

A.ComputerTechnologyB.HighTechandStateoftheArtC.MostAdvancedTechnologyD.TwoNewExpressions【答案与解析】21.C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了“high-tech”和“stateoftheart”两个表达的含义。故C项正确。22.B细节推理题。文章第一段第三句提到，高技术描述的是使用最新科学与工程理念或发现的任何发明和装备系统，因此“高技术”通常描述最新技术成果，而非传统技术，故B项正确。文章第三段第二句提到“Becauseofimprovementsintechnology,peoplecouldbuymanynewkindsofproductsinAmericanstores…”，因此A选项可以直接从文中找到，并不需要推断得出。C项文中没有提及。“stateoftheart”指的是最新现代技术，因此D项错误。23.C细节理解题。文章第二段提到“Acomputerishightech.Soisacommunicationssatellite.Amodernmanufacturingsystemissurelyhightech”，由此可知，C项“手压水泵”不是高技术，故C项为正确答案。24.D细节理解题。倒数第二段第一、二两句提到，由于计算机革命，数百万美国人开始使用“stateoftheart”这一表达，故A项正确。由倒数第四段最后一句可知，B项正确。由文章最后一段可知，C项正确。文章最后一句提到，现在所有的产品据说都很“高端”，由此可知，作者并不认为现在所有的产品都很“高端”。故D项描述错误，因此选D。

25.B主旨大意题。联系全文意思可知，本文主要讲述“高技术”和“高端”，因此B项正确。Text2Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AprovenmethodforeffectivetextbookreadingistheSQ3RmethoddevelopedbyFrancisRobinson.Thefirststepistosurvey(theSstep)thechapterbyreadingthetitle,introduction,sectionheadings,summaryandbystudyinganygraphs,tables,illustrationsorcharts.Thepurposeofthisstepistogetanoverviewofthechaptersothatyouwillknowbeforeyoureadwhatitwillbeabout.Inthesecondstep(theQstep),foreachsectionyouaskyourselfquestionssuchas“WhatdoIalreadyknowaboutthistopic?”and“WhatdoIwanttoknow?”Inthisstepyoualsotakethesectionheadingandturnitintoaquestion.Thisstepgivesyouapurposeforreadingthesection.Thethirdstep(thefirstofthe3R’s)istoreadtofindtheanswertoyourquestions.Thenattheendofeachsection,beforegoingontothenextsection,yourecite(thesecondofthe3R’s)theanswerstothequestionsthatyouformedinthequestionstep.Whenyoureciteyoushouldsaytheinformationyouwanttolearnoutloudinyourownwords.Thefifthstepisdoneafteryouhavecompletedsteps2,3and4foreachsection.Youreview(thelastofthe3R’s)theentirechapter.Thereviewisdonemuchasthesurveywasinthefirststep.Asyoureview,holdamentalconversationwithyourselfasyourecitetheinformationyouselectedasimportanttolearn.Thementalconversationcouldtaketheformofaskingandansweringthequestionsformedfromtheheadingsorreadingthesummary,whichliststhe

mainideasinthechapter,andtryingtofillinthedetailsforeachmainidea.26.ThepassageimpliesthattheSQ3Rmethod_____.A.needstobeprovenB.leavesmuchtobedesiredC.turnsouttobepracticableD.cannotbeusedbyeveryreader27.TheSQ3Rmethodconsistsof_____steps.A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.seven28.Accordingtothepassage,thefirststephelpsthereaders_____.A.readfirstseveralparagraphsB.scanthewholechapterC.studythegraphsD.getthethemeofthechapter29.Whichofthefollowingisthefourthstep?

A.Toquestionyourself.B.Toreadforinformation.C.Toutteryouranswers.D.Todrawaconclusion.30.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Inthelaststep,youshouldrememberalltheinformation.B.Whenyoufinishthelaststep,youwillgetboththemainideaandthedetails.C.Thementalconversationinvolvesansweringthequestionsaskedbytheauthor.D.Whileyouareholdingamentalconversationyouselecttheimportantinformation.【答案与解析】26.C细节推理题。从文章第一句“AprovenmethodforeffectivetextbookreadingistheSQ3RmethoddevelopedbyFrancisRobinson”中的“proven”和“effective”可知，SQ3R已被证明是一套能有效提高阅读能力的方法，因而C正确。27.C细节理解题。文章后半部分提到“Thefifthstepisdoneafteryouhavecompletedsteps2,3and4foreachsection”，由此可知，SQ3R共包含五步。故C项正确。

28.D细节理解题。通过文章第三句“Thepurposeofthisstepistogetanoverviewofthechaptersothatyouwillknowbeforeyoureadwhatitwillbeabout”可知，第一步的目标是概览全篇，以便在实际阅读前对即将阅读的内容有大致了解，故D正确。29.C细节推断题。首先判断第四步是“recite（背诵）”，再通过“Whenyoureciteyoushouldsaytheinformationyouwanttolearnoutloudinyourownwords”可知，背诵就是用自己的话语将想要学的内容大声说出来，故C项正确。30.D细节理解题。文章倒数第二句提到“Asyoureview...yourecitetheinformationyouselectedasimportanttolearn”，由此可知，在进行最后一步时，并不需要记住所有内容，故A项错误，D项与该内容相符，正确，因此本题选D。通读阅读这五个步骤可知，完成第二步就可了解文章的大意和细节，故B项错误。由倒数第二句中的“holdamentalconversationwithyourself”可知，mentalconversation指的是读者与自己的对话，故C项错误。Text3Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thoughitismere1to3percentofthepopulation,theupperclasspossessesatleast25percentofthenation’swealth.Thisclasshastwosegments:upper-upperandlower-upper.Basically,theupper-upperclassisthe“oldrich”—familiesthathavebeenwealthyforseveralgenerations—anaristocracyofbirthandwealth.TheirnamesareintheSocialRegister,alistingofacceptablemembersofhighsociety.Afewareknownacrossthenation,such

astheRockefellers,Roosevelts,andVanderbilts.Mostarenotvisibletothegeneralpublic.Theyliveingrandseclusion,drawingtheirincomefromtheinvestmentoftheirinheritedwealth.Incontrast,thelower-upperclassisthe“newrich”.Althoughtheymaybewealthierthansomeoftheoldrich,thenewrichhavehustledtomaketheirmoneylikeeverybodyelsebeneaththeirclass.Thustheirprestigeisgenerallylowerthanthatoftheoldrich,whohavenotfounditnecessarytoliftafingertomaketheirmoney,andwhotendtolookdownuponthenewrich.Howeveritswealthisacquired,theupperclassisvery,veryrich.Theyhaveenoughmoneyandleisuretimetocultivateaninterestintheartsandtocollectrarebooks,painting,andsculpture.Theygenerallyliveinexclusiveareas,belongtoexclusivesocialclubs,communicatewitheachother,andmarrytheirownkind—allofwhichkeepsthemsodistantfromthemassesthattheyhavebeencalledtheout-of-sightclass.Morethananyotherclass,theytendtobeconsciousofbeingmembersofaclass.Theyalsocommandanenormousamountofpowerandinfluencehereandabroad,astheyholdmanytopgovernmentpositions,runtheCouncilonForeignRelations,andcontrolmultinationalcorporations.Theiractionsaffectthelivesofmillions.31.AllthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat_____.A.theupper-upperclassisofaristocraticoriginB.the“oldrich”enjoyhigherprestigethanthe“newrich”C.the“oldrich”isolatethemselvesandleadalonelylifeD.theupperclassownsatleastaquarterofthecountry’swealth

32.The“oldrich”getricher_____.A.throughtheSocialRegisterB.throughtheirreputationC.byinvestingtheirinheritedwealthD.bycollectingpaintingsandsculptures33.Thereasonwhythe“oldrich”lookdownuponthe“newrich”isthat_____.A.theformerarewealthierthanthelatterB.thelattersweatthemselvestomakemoneyC.the“newrich”havenointerestinartsD.the“oldrich”areconsciousofbeingmembersoftheupperclass34.Theupperclassisalsocalledtheout-of-sightclassbecause_____.A.theykeepawayfromthegeneralpublicB.theyspendmostoftheirtimeabroadC.theydon’tcommunicatewithanypeopleD.theymovefrequentlyfromplacetoplace35.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_____.A.theupperclassispowerfulandinfluential

B.theupperclasscollectsrarebookstomakemoneyC.theupperclassholdsalltopgovernmentpositionsD.the“oldrich”makesmuchmoremoneythanthe“newrich”【答案与解析】31.C细节理解题。通过文章第二段第三句可知上层阶级人士独居一处，有专门的社交俱乐部，彼此交往，与同阶层人士结婚——所有这些使他们远离大众，因而他们被称为“隐士”阶层。这里强调他们远离大众，只和同阶层的人来往，并非指他们真正与世隔绝过着孤独的日子。因而C项错误，故选C项。32.C细节理解题。通过第一段中“Theyliveingrandseclusion,drawingtheirincomefromtheinvestmentoftheirinheritedwealth”可知，他们是靠投资世袭财产，从而获取收益。故选C项。33.B细节理解题。通过第一段最后两句可知，由于“新富”需要自己努力赚钱，因此也不如“旧富”有威望。因此“旧富”瞧不起“新富”。故B项正确。34.A细节理解题。通过第二段中“allofwhichkeepsthemsodistantfromthemassesthattheyhavebeencalledtheout-of-sightclass”可知，富人远离大众，所以被称为“看不见的阶层”，因此A项正确。35.A细节理解题。从文章倒数第二句“Theyalsocommandanenormousamountofpowerandinfluencehereandabroad”可知，上层阶级影响力很大，因此A项正确，故本题选A。由第二段第一句可知，上层阶级收集

罕见的书是为了培养兴趣，因此B项错误。C项过于绝对，应予以排除。由第一段倒数第二句中“Althoughtheymaybewealthierthansomeoftheoldrich”可知，“新贵”可能比“旧贵”更加富有，故D项错误。Text4Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.What,besideschildren,connectsmothersaroundtheworldandacrosstheseasoftime?It’schickensoup,oneprominentAmericanfoodexpertsays.FromRussianvillagestoAfricaandAsia,chickensouphasbeentheremedyforthoseweakinbodyandspirit.MotherspassedtheirknowledgeontoancientwritersofGreece,ChinaandRome,andeventhe12thcenturyphilosopherandphysicianMosesMainmidesextolled(赞美)itsvirtues.Amongtheancients,Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearth.ChickensgotanotherboostinthebookofGenesis,whereitiswrittenthatbirdsandfishwerecreatedonthefifthday,adaybeforefour-leggedanimals.ButaccordingtoMimiSheraton,whohasspentmuchofthepastthreeyearsexploringtheworldofchickensoup,muchofthereasonforchicken’srealorimaginedcurativepowerscomesfromitscolor.Hernewbook,“TheWholeWorldLovesChickenSoup”,looksatthebelovedandmysteriousbrew,withdozensofrecipesfromaroundtheworld.

“Throughouttheages,”shesaid,“therehasbeenalotoffeelingthatwhite-coloredfoodsareeasiertoeatfortheweakwomenandtheill.”Inaddition,“soups,oranythingforthatmattereatenwithaspoon”areconsidered“comfortfoods.”Sheratonsaid.IlovesoupandlovemakingsoupandasIwascollectingrecipesIbegantoseethisasaninternationaldish...Ithasauniversalmystiqueassomethingcurative,astrengthbuilder,”SheratonsaidfromherNewYorkhome.Herbooktreatstheoldestremedyasifitwasbrandnew.TheNationalBroilerCouncil,thetradegrouprepresentingthechickenindustry,reportedthat51percentofthepeopleitsurveyedsaidtheyboughtchickenbecauseitwashealthier,50percentsaiditwasversatile,41percentsaiditwaseconomicaland46percentsaiditwaslowinfat.36.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.ProminentAmericanFoods.B.HistoryoftheChickenSoup.C.ChickenSoupRecipes.D.ChickenSoup,aUniversalCure-all.37.Sinceancienttimes,thevalueofchickensoup_____.A.hasbeenover-estimatedB.hasbeenwidelyacknowledged

C.hasbeenappreciatedonlybyphilosophersD.hasbeenknownonlytomothers38.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Chickensouphasaverylonghistory.B.Sinceancienttimes,chickensouphasbeenahomeremedy.C.Poultryusuallystandshigherthanfour-leggedanimals.D.Four-leggedanimalsweresaidtobecreatedonthesixthday.39.Chickensouphascurativepowersmainlyfor_____accordingtoSheraton.A.itscolorB.itstasteC.itsflavorD.itsrecipe40.Itcanbesaidfromthesurveythatchickenis_____.A.amaindishB.apopularfoodC.cheaperthananyotherfoodD.alloftheabove

【答案与解析】36.D主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章是围绕鸡汤在世界范围内的治愈功效展开的。故D项正确。37.B细节理解题。通过文章第二段可知，鸡汤的功效得到母亲们、哲学家和内科医生的广泛认可，因而B项正确。38.C细节理解题。文章第三段提到“Amongtheancients,Aristotlethoughtpoultryshouldstandinhigherestimationthanfour-leggedanimalsbecausetheairislessdensethantheearth”，由此可知，亚里士多德认为家禽应比四条腿的动物物种优良，因为高处的空气比地面稀薄。但这只是亚里士多德个人的意见，没有普遍意义，因而C项不正确。故本题选C。39.A细节理解题。第四段最后一句提到“muchofthereasonforchicken’srealorimaginedcurativepowerscomesfromitscolor”，鸡汤之所以具有真正的或想象的治愈能力，主要源于它的颜色。故本题选A。40.B概括大意题。由最后一段提到的研究结果可知，很多人都因为不同的原因买鸡，由此可知鸡是一种广受欢迎的食物。故答案为B。PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41to45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA—Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET2.(10

points)Theprivatecarisassumedtohavewidenedourhorizonsandincreasedourmobility.Whenweconsiderourchildren’smobility,theycanbedriventomoreplaces(andmoredistantplaces)thantheycouldvisitwithoutaccesstomotorvehicle.However,allowingourcitiestobedominatedbycarshasprogressivelyerodedchildren’sindependencemobility.(41)____________________Inrecentsurveys,whenparentsinsomecitieswereaskedabouttheirownchildhoodexperiences,themajorityrememberedhavingmore,orfarmore,opportunitiesforgoingoutontheirown,comparedwiththeirownchildrentoday.Theyhadmorefreedomtoexploretheirownenvironment.Children’sindependentaccesstotheirlocalstreetsmaybeimportantfortheirownpersonal,mentalandphysicaldevelopment.Allowingthemtogettoknowtheirownneighborhoodandcommunitygivesthema“senseofplace”.Thisdependson“activeexploration”,whichisnotprovidedforwhenchildrenarepassengersincars.(Suchchildrenmayseemore,buttheylearnless.)(42)____________________Thereareverysignificanttimeandmoneycostsforparentsassociatedwithtransportingtheirchildrentoschool,sportandtootherlocations.ResearchintheUnitedKingdomestimatedthatthiscost,in1990,wasbetween10billionand20billionpounds.Thereductioninchildren’sfreedommayalsocontributetoaweakeningofthesenseoflocalcommunity.Asfewerchildrenandadultsusethestreetsaspedestrians,thesestreetsbecomelesssociableplaces.(43)

____________________Thisinitselfmayexacerbatefearsassociatedwithassaultandmolestation,becausetherearefeweradultsavailablewhoknowtheirneighbors’children,andwhocanlookoutfortheirsafety.Theextratrafficinvolvedintransportingchildrenresultsinincreasedtrafficcongestion,pollutionandaccidentrisk.(44)____________________Anyonewhohasexperiencedeitherthereducedvolumeoftrafficjamsnearschoolsattheendofaschoolday,willnotneedconvincingaboutthesepoints.Thus,therearealsoimportantenvironmentalimplicationsofchildren’slossoffreedom.(45)____________________Theideathat“streetsareforcarsandbackyardsandplaygroundareforchildren”isastronglyheldbelief,andparentshavelittlechoiceasindividualsbuttokeeptheirchildrenoffthestreetsiftheywanttoprotecttheirsafety.A.Intheseareas,residentsareacceptingtheviewthatthefunctionofstreetsisnotsolelytoprovidemobilityforcars.B.Notonlyisitimportantthatchildrenbeabletogettolocalplayareasbythemselves,butwalkingandcyclingjourneystoschoolandtootherdestinationsprovidegenuineplayactivitiesinthemselves.C.Asourroadsbecomemoredangerous,moreparentsdrivetheirchildrentomoreplaces,thuscontributingtoincreasedlevelsofdangerfortheremainingpedestrians.D.Childrenhavelostmuchoftheirfreedomtoexploretheirownneighborhoodorcitywithoutadultsupervision.

E.Asindividuals,parentsstrivetoprovidethebestupbringingtheycanfortheirchildren.However,indoingso,(e.g.bydrivingtheirchildrentosport,schoolorrecreation)parentsmaybecontributingtoamoredangerousenvironmentforchildrengenerally.F.Thereislessopportunityforchildrenandadultstohavethespontaneousexchangesthathelptoengenderafeelingofcommunity.G.Modifyingcitiesinordertoenhancechildren’sfreedomwillnotonlybenefitchildren.Suchcitieswillbecomemoreenvironmentallysustainable,aswellasmoresociableandmorelivableforallcityresidents.【答案与解析】41.D通过后面两句可知，本段主要讲述与父母相比，现在的孩子外出的自由更少了。D项表示“如今的孩子们拥有更少的自由来允许他们在没有成人的监管下独立探索他们社区或城市”，与本段内容相符，故D项正确。42.B本段主要讲述孩子独立探索街区对孩子成长的益处，B项表示“孩子们独立去当地休闲场所很重要，而且步行或骑车去学校和其他地方也能为他们自己提供真正的游戏活动”，与本段内容相符，故本题选B项。43.F本段一开始就提到，孩子自由的减少致使他们的社区意识减弱。接着文章提到，越来越少的成人和孩子步行，街道不再像以往那样可以成为社交的场所。F项“孩子和成人能够自然交流形成社区意识的机会也越来越少。”与本段主题一致，并且与上下文语意连贯，因此选F项。44.C第一句是本段的中心句，指出开车带孩子出行带来的额外车流

量，会增加交通拥堵，并造成环境污染和事故风险，C项主要解释交通问题加剧的状况，符合逻辑。故选C项。45.E本段最后提到，为保障孩子的安全，父母别无选择，只能让他们远离街道，可知选项E符合逻辑，表示“个人来讲，父母会尽可能为孩子提供最好的成长环境，然而，这样一来（例如，开车带孩子去运动、上学或娱乐）父母可能会使孩子身处的环境更加危险”。PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“naturevsnurture.”Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalfactors.(46)Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispre-determinedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.Thosewhosupportthe“nurture”theory,thatis,theyadvocateeducation,areoftencalledbehaviorists.Theyclaimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.(47)Thebehavioristsmaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.Letusexaminethedifferentexplanationsaboutonehumancharacteristic,intelligence,offeredbythetwotheories.(48)Supportersofthe“nature”theoryinsistthatwearebornwithacertaincapacityforlearningthatisbiologicallydetermined.Needlesstosay,theydon’tbelievethatfactorsintheenvironmenthavemuchinfluenceonwhatisbasicallyapredeterminedcharacteristic.Ontheotherhand,behavioristsarguethatourintelligencelevelsaretheproductofourexperience.(49)Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.Thesocialandpoliticalimplicationsofthesetwotheoriesareprofound.IntheUnitedStates,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksarebiologicallyinferiortowhites.(50)Behaviorists,incontrast,saythatdifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendepri