中考英语语法复习介词和数词

九年级数词＆介词介词Preposition介词定义：介词，是一种虚词，不能单独使用，必须加上宾语构成介词短语，或者加不及物动词构成动词短语，才能充当语法成分。表示时间的介词1、常考at、on、in：at多用于_______________________前，也可用于固定搭配。on主要用在_________________________________________in表示_____________________或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚上____Spring____Monday____noon____night____1997____June1st______acoldevening_____theageoffive_____May____eighto'clock_____thetwentyfirstcentury_____themorning注意:在以注意:在以this,that,next,last等限定词开始的表示时间的单词或词组前不用介词。IwillgotoBeijingnextMonday.2、区别after与in：after“after+一段时间”，表示从过去某时间往后推算一段时间，用于一般过去时，“after+时间点”，常用于一般将来时（也有过去式）Theycamebackaftertwodays.Theywillbefreeafter2o’clockthisafternoon.inin+一段时间，表示从现在起往后推算一段时间，用于一般将来时Theywillbebackintwodays.3、其他常见时间介词：fromfrom(______________)说明开始的时间，可用于过去、现在、将来的时态WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.for“for+一段时间”，指动作延续贯穿整个过程______________________________________Theyhavebeenherefor5days.since“since+时间点”，指从某时一直延续至今，______________Theyhavebeenheresince5daysago.Theyhavebeenheresincethemeetingbegan.untiluntil用于肯定句时，意为“直到......为止”，谓语动词为延续性动词；用于否定句时，_______________意为“直到…才”，谓语动词为瞬间动词Pleasestayhereuntilthemeetingisover.Ididn’tgotobeduntilmymothercamehomeyesterday.表示地点和方位的介词at,inin,on,toat表示“某一点的位置或具体位置”at+____________in表示“在某一个范围内”in+___________in表示“在某一个范围内”on表示“两地接壤”to表示“两地相隔”Hearrivedatthevillagelatelastnight.HearrivedinBeijing2hoursago.ZhuhaiisinGuangdong.GuangdongisonthesouthofHunan.HainanistothesouthofGuangdong.between，amongacross（cross为动词），past，throughbetween表示_______________固定搭配：__________________among表示___________________across表示______________past表示“侧面经过”through表示______________IsitbetweenJaneandMary.Thesongisverypopularamongteenagers.across___________________Don’tforgettocallmewhenwalkingpastmyhouse.through__________________on，over，abovebelow，underon表示“在…的表面上”，两者有接触over表示“在……的正上方”，多暗示悬空，反义词为underabove表在……的上方，但不一定在正上方，也不接触另一物，反义词为belowbelow表示“在……的下方”under表示“在……的正下方”Thereisabookonthedesk.Thereisabridgeovertheriver.Thereisabirdflyingabovethebridge.Pleasedonotwritebelowthisline.Thereisabookunderthedesk.at，beside，by，near，nexttoat泛指在某个位置beside常用语，表示“在……旁边”by强调“紧贴”，比near更近near表示“在……附近”，比by表示的距离远得多nextto表在……的旁边=besideShe’satthetable.ShesitsbesideJohn.ShesitsbyJohn.ShestandsnearJohn.ShestandsnexttoJohn.表示手段、工具、方式介词by表示__________________________通过做某事____________________in表示用某种方式，后可接表示_____________________________等名词with表示用某种具体的工具on表示用某种方式，后可接表示交通工具、手段、通讯方式等名词onthetelephone,ontheradio,onTVthrough表示“以，通过，经由”throughhardwork注意:在表示手段时，by,through,with有时也可互换，但with的意思更明确Through/By/Withherefforts,shesucceededinmakingsomanyusefulinventions.其他常用介词exceptbesidesbutexcept指从整体中排除，意为“除了……(不包括在内)”，常与表示完全肯定或完全否定的词连用AllofuswenttothezoolastSundayexceptJohn.besides指除了…之外(还有),表示累加关系,常与also,other,another等连用AllofuswenttothezoolastSundaybesidesJohn.but表示“除了…之外”，多与nobody,nothing等否定词连用。当but前有do时，but后接动词原形Thereisnothingbutabedintheroom.for表示对象或用途，意为“给，对”It'sabookforchildren.表示目的，“为了”I'veboughthimawatchforhisbirthday.表示去向，意为“往，向”IsthisthebusforChicago?against表示“反对，违背”，反义词为for,playagainst意为“与…对抗或比赛”，bestronglyagainst意为“强烈反对”其他意思“靠着，碰着”WeplayedagainstClass9yesterdayafternoon.beyond表示“超出，多于，为…所不能及”，用来修饰范围、水平、限度和能力等Theproblemisfarbeyondme.I’mafraidIcan’tworkitout.as表示“作为，以…身份”，后面接表示职业、职务、身份的名词Heisfamousasawriter.like表示“像……一样”，用于说明相似关系Thegirllookslikeherfather.with表示“和，同，与……，带着，随着”Ioftengoshoppingwithmymother.Doyoulikeyourteawithmilkandsugar?without表示“没有”Ican’tfinishthetaskwithoutyourhelp.部分介词短语bemadeof由...制成（看得出原材料）bemadefrom由...制成（看不出原材料）instyle流行，时髦atthetopof在...顶部attheageof在...岁时inthemiddleof在...中间onshow展出ondisplay陈列，展览onbusiness出差withthehelpof在...帮助下ontime按时intime及时ingeneral通常，大体上asusual照常forexample例如asaresult结果infact事实上waitfor等待laughatsb.嘲笑某人listento听getto到达regard...as把...当做...dependon依靠，取决于dealwith处理，交易bepopularwith受...欢迎beproudof为..而自豪takepridein为...而自豪befullof充满befilledwith充满begood/badfor对...有好处/坏处beharmfulto对..有害处doharmto对...有害处beinterestedin对...感兴趣besuccessfulin(doing)sth.在(做)某事上成功inthedistance在远处infact事实上inahurry匆忙，急忙inspace在太空insilence安静地becrazyabout对付…热衷/疯狂beworriedabout对……担忧bekindto对……和蔼bepoliteto对…有礼貌introuble/danger处于困境/危险中onone'swayto某人去某处的路上(onone'swayhome)inorder有序地intheend最后attheendof在...结尾/末端onduty值日thanksto多亏，由于toone’ssurprise令某人吃惊的事asksb.for向某人要...dieof死于（内因）diefrom死于（外因）diefor为...而死dowellin/begoodat擅长...hearfrom收到...来信passaway去世befamousfor因...而出名befamousas作为...而出名behelpfulto对...有帮助bemadat对...愤怒beafraidof对...害怕(bestrictindoingsth.在做某事上严格)befriendlyto对...友好bereadyfor为...做准备belatefor迟到afterall毕竟accordingto根据becauseof（+名词）因为bedifferentfrom与...不同besurprisedat对……吃惊besatisfiedwith对……满意havenothingtodowith与…无关believein相信getalong/onwellwithsb.与某人相处友好atthesametime同时bedifferentfrom与……不同betiredof厌倦besimilarto为…所熟悉bepatientwith对……有耐心练习题1.WhathappenedtoMike?Hefell______thebike______asnowymorning.A.off;inB.down;atC.off;on2.DoyouknowthatMr.Zhangpassed______lastweek?—Yes.Hedied______illness.A.away;ofB.on;fromC.by;with3.—Whoelsedoyouknowattheparty____LucyandLily?—KateandJohn.A.withB.before C.besides4.—Yourdressissonice.Isitmade_____silk?―Yes,anditismade_____Beijing,A.of;in B.by;at C.from;at5.—WhenwillyourparentsebackfromChina?—______threeweeks.A.0f B.In C.At6.—Howsoonwillwegettheofferfromanewhighschool?—________abouttwomonths.

7.Conniearrived__________thevillage_________asnowynight.

A.at;on B.at;in C.in;at D.in;on8.Ithinkteawilltastebetter_________somemilkinit.

9.Couldyoupleasegivemeahand?Ican’tpletethetaskontime_______yourhelp.

D.for10.It’sverykindyoutolendmeyourreusableshoppingbags.

11.MostofthevillagerstookpartintheDragonBoatraces______9:00a.m._______themorningofJune7.

A.at;in B.on;on C.on;in D.at;on12.Hewrotehisphonenumber_______apieceofpaper.

13.—Excuseme.Whereisthenearestbookstore?—Go_______CenterStreetandyou’llfindit.

C.with 14.LadiesandGentlemen,weletoBeijing!Andifyouneedanyhelp,pleasecallme_______01055586390.

15.It’sveryimportant_____ustomakeaplanbeforeanewtermbegins.

16.Intheworld,morethan30%ofschoolsdonotprovidesafedrinkingwater_____about570millionchildren.

C.towards D.to语篇填空：Flyinglikeabirdisthedreamofmostpeople.Peoplehaveeup1.______alotofgoodideas,2.________（include）makingplanes.Butit'simpossible3.__________mostpeopletoownabigplane.Whatcantheydo?Thisnewvehicle（车辆）isagoodchoice.Itcanmakethedreametrue.ThenewcariscalledTransition（转换器）.Itlooksverymuch4.__________aplane.Ithastwolongwings.Infact，itisarealplane.Itcanrunontheroadandfly5.__________thesky.Wecancallitaflyingcar.Theinventors6.__________Americaloveflyingverymuch.Theywantedtomakeanewvehicle.7.________manyfailures,theyhaveinventedthiscar8._________last.Theflyingvehiclecanfolditswingswhichmakeitpossibletorun9.__________thestreet.Thedrivercanmakethewingsstraight，andthenthevehiclecanfly.It'ssocooltodrivethevehicle.Thespeed10.___________thevehiclecanbeasfastasaplane.It'strue.ThoughtheTransitionweighsabout600kg，itcantakeoffandflyeasily.HowmuchistheTransition?Itcosts194,000dollars.Ifsnotsoexpensiveforsomeflightlovers.Pleasedon'tbesurprisedandafraidwhenyouseethecarinyourcity.Doyoulikethetransition?数词Numeral基数词：表示数目多少的数词.序数词：表示顺序次序的数词.基数词的构成（了解即可）1）1－12,独立成词。onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve2）1319,由3－9+teen构成。14–fourteen特殊拼写:13–thirteen15fifteen18—eighteen3）21－99(两位数)十位与个位之间有“－”。21twentyone55fiftyfive99ninetynine4）20－90,以ty结尾。60sixty特殊拼写:20twenty30thirty40forty50fifty80eighty5）百—hundred 千—thousand 百万—million 十亿—billion6)101－999,三位数,百位与十位/个位之间加and，十位和个位用“”连接。101onehundredandone 840eighthundredandforty1,000以上数目,从右向左每三位用“，”分开,分别读为thousand,million,billion序数词的构成（了解即可）1）1－3,独立成句first,second,third2）4－19,相应基数词+th,fourth特殊拼写:fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth序数词缩写数字＋最后两字母如:1st,2nd,3rd,4th…20－90,y变成ie+th,如:twentieth21－99,只把个位的基数词变成序数词如:twentyfirstAttention!Attention!(1)序数词作定语,前面要加the;（表示第几）Johnlivesonthefifteenthfloor.如果序数词前已经有物主代词或名词所有格时,不可再加定冠词the.It’sMonday,andit’smyfifteenthbirthday.IsitLily’sfifteenthbirthday,too?(2)有时加a/an,“再一”,“又一”的意思We’llhavetodoitasecondtime.数词用法1、hundred，thousand，million，billion的特殊用法①前面有具体数目,hundred,thousand,million,billion不用加s和of；800(eighthundred)，3,000(threethousand)②表示不确定数目,加s加of. 口诀：hundredsof(数百)具体数字直接加，thousandsof(数千)不确定时，有s有ofmillionsof(数百万)+名词复数③可以用many/several/afew修饰，severalhundredtourists.2、时刻读法表示方法例子整点整点时间，基数词+o’clock7（seveno’clock）顺读法时＋分（几点几分）7:30(seventhirty)特殊读法15分钟：aquarter30分钟：ahalftwoandahalfhours=twohoursandahalf逆读法（先分后时）当分钟小于30时用past（过）即“分钟＋past＋钟点数7:20(twentypastseven)当分钟大于30时,用to（差）即“（60－分钟）＋（钟点数＋1）＂6:40（twentytoseven）当分钟等于30时,用“halfpast＋钟点数’’7:30（halfpastseven）3、课外小知识（了解即可）October1st,1999(日用缩写,月日年)October1,1999(日用数字)/1stOctober,1999日月年房间号码和号码要一个一个分别读Classroom312 ClassFour,GradeSix（先班级后年级，开头记得都大写）Room3=thethirdroom Unit9=theninthunit4、分数的写法（分子为基数词，分母为序数词）1/2:______________1/4:_______________1/3:_______________2/3:______________3/5:_______________口诀：口诀：分基母序,分子＞1,分母就要加S5、“几十”的复数形式①几十多岁—______________________________________________________Eg:他在四十多岁时去世了。_________________________________②年代—in+the+基数词复数inthenineties90年代