小学英语专题一名词

PagePage1小学英语语法小学英语语法Page4基础知识专题小学英语语法基础知识专题一名词一、名词的数1)规则变化①一般在名词后加s.如boy→boys,pen→pensbagbagsbedbeds但是chicken当小鸡讲时，是可数名词，Therearealotofchickensinthehouse.当鸡肉讲时，是不可数，Ilikeeatingchicken.②以s,x,sh,ch结尾的，加es.如bus-busesbox-boxesbrush-brushes,watch-watchesmatch但stomach的复数为stomachs.注意mouthmonthpath③"以辅音字母+y"结尾的，y变为i，然后再加es.如baby→babiescity—citiescountrycountries注意以“元音+y”，直接加s。如：day--days，boy--boys④以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe改为v,再加es.如knife-knives,

half-halves(wife,knife，wolf，thief，shelf，self，life,half,leaf)口诀：妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。例外以f结尾，加S的情况：gulf（海湾）,roof（屋顶）,chief（首领）,serf（奴仆）,belief（信仰）,proof（证据）,但handkerchief（手帕）handkerchiefs或handkerchieves。口诀：海湾边、屋顶上，首领农仆两相望；谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上⑤以o结尾的名词加-esNegro（黑人）—Negroes，hero（英雄）-heroes,tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes加-skilo→kilos,photo→photos,,radio→radios,piano→pianos,video→videos.bamboo—bambooszoozoos但zerozeros或zeroes2)不规则变化①man→men,woman→women,policeman→policemen,foot→feet,tooth→teethchild-children，mouse→mice,Englishman→Englishmen，FrenchwomanFrenchwomen注意German（德国人）Germans，AmericanAmericans，Australian(澳大利亚人)Australians②单复数同形如：Japanese→Japanese,Chinese→Chinesesheep→sheep,deer→deerfish—fish注意fish作鱼肉讲时不可数。Ilikeeatingfish.fish指鱼时是可数。Hegivesmetwofish.③有些名词形式上是单数，实为复数意义，通常被称为复数名词，如：people,police(不说apeople，可说aperson)两个人twopersons或twopeoplepolice(警察)tenpolice(不说apolice，可说apoliceman)④合成名词变复数appletree→appletrees,busdriverbusdrivers,girlfriendgirlfriendspasser-by(过路人)→passers-bygrown-up→grown-ups(成年人)注意：被man或woman修饰的名词变复数时，两个名词都要变。mandoctor→mendoctorswomanteacher→womenteachersmandrivermendriverswomannursewomennurses⑤有些名词只有复数形式，如：clothes,trousers,glasses,scissors(剪刀),chopsticks⑥数词+名词作定语时，常采用数词+单数名词形式，如atwo-weekholiday,an8-yearoldgirl.另一种常见的形式有fiveminutes'walk,twodays'leave3）不可数名词没有单复数形式，要表示不可数名词的数量，可用以下两种方法。①可用表单位的词修饰不可数名词apieceofpapertwopiecesofpaperapieceofbreadabottleofwateracupofcoffeeaglassofmilkapieceofnews②用alittle,little,much,alotof,lotsof,some,any等修饰不可数名词。Thereisalittlemilkinthecup.（alittle一些，一点儿,表肯定）Thereislittlemilkinthecup.（little几乎没有，表否定）拓展可数名词表复数时，可用以下词语修饰：afew,few,many,alotof,lotsof,some,any等修饰可数名词。Thereareafewstudentsintheroom.（afew一些，表肯定）Therearefewstudentsintheroom.（few几乎没有，表否定）二、名词的格1）表示有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格一般在名词后加'sTom’sknife①以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加'如：theteachers'readingroom;②不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格要加's.children'spenswomen’sbooks③如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在后一个名词的后面加'sJaneandHelen'sroom(共有的房间)④如果不是共有的，则两个名词之后都要加'sBill'sandTom'srooms（不共有）2）表示无生命的东西，一般用of+名词的结构。amapofChinathepictureofthefamilythelegsofthetableapictureofmyfather指的是爸爸本人的照片。3)有些表示时间，距离，国家，城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以用'stenminutes’walkonemonth’svacation4)双重所有格afriendofmine=oneofmyfriend我朋友当中的一个【课堂练习】I.写出下列名词的复数形式。watch____________strawberry___________child____________thief____________photo___________diary__________box___________mandoctor_______day______________foot______________zoopeartree_________book____________peach____________dress____________girlstudent___________tooth____________baby______________deer___________German__________stomachmouthherowomannurse__________NegroAmericankiloleafFrenchmanpianoknifeII.翻译下列词组。一些桃子___________我的自行车__________五袋大米____________教师节__________八只脚__________妇女节__________二十颗牙齿___________二张纸_________三瓶果汁________四个男医生_________四十个女警察__________七颗梨树_________十二把小刀_________一副世界地图________九个德国人________Helen的朋友_______许多孩子__________双胞胎的妈妈___________Tom和Jack共有的房间III.按要求改写下列句子。Thereisanorangetreeinthegarden.（改为复数句）_____________________________________2.Sheisagoodteacher.（改为复数句）____________________________________________________3.Ihavesomeinterestingstorybooks.（改为单数句）______________________________________4.Therearesomewomenteachersoverthere.（改为单数句）_________________________________5.-Whatisit?-It'sabox.（改为复数句）_______________________________________________IV.单项选择。()1.MrSmithis_______father.Theyaretwinsisters.A.Mary'sandJohn'sB.Mary'sandJohnC.MaryandJohn's()2.Sheneeds___________________.A.aglasswaterB.twoglassesofwaterC.twoglassesofwaters()3.Therearefive______inourschool.A.womanteacherBwomanteachersC.womenteachers()4.Therearemany_______inthefridge.A.foodB.breadC.vegetables()5.I'mthirsty.IthinkI'llbuysome______.A.waterB.eggsC.cakes()6.Johnbought___forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoe()7.-Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?-I'dlike____.A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken()8.Therearefive___inourfactory.A.womandriverB,womendriverC.womandriversD.womendrivers()9.Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere.It'sabout_____.thirtyminutes'swalkB.thirtyminute'swalkC.thirtyminutes'walkD.thirtyminuteswalk()10._____turnyellowinautumn.A.LeafB.LeavesC.LeaveD.Leafs()11.Willyoupleaseshowmethewaytothe_____shop?A.shoeB.shoes'C.shoesD.shoe's()12._____hardworkitis!A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Howa()13.Hisfamily_____ahappyone.A.beB.areC.isD.was()14.Imettwo_____inthestreetyesterdaymorning.A.GermanB.AustralianC.AmericanD.Japanese()15.Mygrandparentslike_____verymuch,sotheygrowsomeintheir_____gardeneveryyear.vegetable,vegetableB.vegetable,vegetablesC.vegetables