高中六大从句讲解及练习题总结-文档

1.主语从句1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：*Itisafact\apity\aquestion\goodnewsthat...*Itseems\appears\happened\hasturnedoutthat...*Itisclear\important\likely\possiblethat...*Itissaid\reported\hasbeenprovedthat...Itseemsthattheperformanceisveryuseful.2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。*Whatwelackisexperience.3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。*Howtheplanistobecarriedoutshouldbediscussedagain.*IdidnotknowwhyIfeltlikecrying.练习：1.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.

A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for2.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.

A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever3.________Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom________.

A.That…thatyouhadexpected

B.What…thatyouhadexpected

C.That…whatyouhadexpected

D.What…whatyouhadexpected4.It________Bobdrivesbadly.

A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat5.____we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.

A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where2.宾语从句1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。inthat(因为),exceptthat(除了),butthat(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。*IpromisedthatIwouldchangethesituation.（vt）*AllthisisdifferentfromwhatAmericanyoungpeoplewouldsayaboutfriendship.（prep）*Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnotgoodforchildren.（adj）*Thisarticleiswell-writtenexceptthatitisabittoolong.(介词的固定搭配）2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。*Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind.3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。*Hedidn'tthinkthatthemoneywaswellspent.练习：—Whatdidyouparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?—Theyalwaysletmedo________IthinkIshould．A．whenB．ThatC．howD．WhatPleaseremindme_________hesaidhewasgoing．Imaybeintimetoseehimoff．A．whereB．whenC．howD．whatMarywroteanarticleon________theteamhadfailedtowinthegame．A．WhyB．whatC．whoD．ThatSomeoneisringingthedoorbellGoandsee________．A．whoisheB．whoheisC．whoisitD．whoitis3.表语从句表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,asif(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.*PerhapsthemostimportantthingtorememberisthatthereisnoonecommontypeoflifeinAmerica.*Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies.*Itlooksasifsuccessfulinternationalculturalcommunicationwillmaketheworldsmaller.练习：1—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.

—Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff？A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where

2.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella____Igotwetthrough.

A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’show

3.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas______wedidthismorning.

A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what

4.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?---Oh,that’s_____.

A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedabout

C.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited4.同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。*Shefinallymadethedecisionthatshewouldjointhefashionshow.*IhadnoideahowmanybooksIcouldborrowatatime.练习：1.Thefact____hewassuccessfulproveshisability.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why2.Hissuggestion____themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.A.whichB.thatC./D.it3.Ihavenoidea____hewillstart.A.whenB.thatC.whatD./4.Heoftenaskedmethequestion____theworkwasworthdoing.A.whetherB.whereC.thatD.when5.定语从句定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。*限制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于ofwhich；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。*Thosewholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroubleingettingclosetootherpeople.*Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithhergrandmother.1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。*ThatisallthatI'veheardfromhim.*He'sthefirstpersonthatI'mgoingtointerviewthisafternoon.2)关系代词的省略在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。*Thisisoneofthosethingswithwhichwehavetoputup.*Thisisoneofthosethings(which\that)wehavetoputupwith.3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。*Nooneknowsthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewassoangrythatday.练习：Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhichDoyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspokeThisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayedDoyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhichThatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.When*非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。*Hepassedtheexam,whichsurprisedallofus.*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。*Thisisthecomputeronwhichhespentallhissavings*Itiswrittenbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar.*as引导的定语从句as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“thesame...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。*Thesearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolved.(as代替先行词problems)*Asismentionedabove,nosinglecompanyorgroupcancontrolwhathappensontheInternet.(as代替主语)练习：1.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.What2.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.Tha3.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim4.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.Who5.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat6.状语从句*时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。*Wehavelearntquitealotaboutitsincewecamehere.2)assoonas,hardly,when,nosooner...than,each(every)time,themoment,immediately(that)等。*AssoonasIsentane-mailmessage,Ireceivedpositiveresponses.*Themomentheheardthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.练习：Weweretoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad_____wereachedthecentralrailwaystation.A.wheneverB.untilC.whileD.Wherever*地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.*Wherevershewent,shetookherlittledaughterwithher.练习：Don’tleavetheknife_____ourlittleJanecangetit.A.inwhichB.towhichC.thatD.where*原因、结果和目的状语从句1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat等。*Consideringthatheisafreshman,wemustsayheisdoingwell.2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that,sothat,that,so等。*MickeyMouseissoattractivethatthechildrenarereluctanttoleave.3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。*Wegotupearlythismorningsothatwecouldcatchthefirstbustotherailwaystation.练习：Rosesneedspecialcare_____theycanlivethroughwinter.A.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as*条件和让步状语从句1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so)longas,onconditionthat,incase,supposing等。*Aslongasyouhavetherightequipment,youcanuseatelephonelinetotransmitcomputerdata.2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,eventhough,evenif,nomatterwhat(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,evenif等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主