法律英语词汇集

2010法律英语词汇集—JW一、案例本G.E.vsSiempelkampStandard-formpurchaseorderOrdercomfirmationInitialeForumselectionChoiceoflawclause法律适用条款PlaceofjurisdictionPrincipalplaceofbusinessSummaryproceduresBillsofexchangePromissorynotesChequesFilesuitatSubmitaCounterofferAbindingcontractBargained-forformOverreachingJudicialnoticeFilantov.s.ChilewichMemorandumAgreementAletterofcreditArbitrationagreementArbitrationclauseBalanceofcontractArejectionoftheorderBoundbythewrittentermsofThedevelopmentofinternationalsaleslawegalinstruments法律文书Maritimetrade海商Enact颁布；制定Codify编纂LawMerchant：商人法；商业习惯法CommercialLaw：贸易法；商业法规BusinessLaw：商业法ModernsaleslawintheUnitedStates:theUCCandCISGUniformCommercialCode-UCCAdopt/adoption正式通过Bankdeposit银行存款Securedtransaction担保交易Statelegislatures州立法机构Americanlawinstitute美国法学会Conflictsoflaw法律冲突Resortto诉诸于Applicablelaw准据法Choiceoflawclause法律适用条款Choiceoflaw冲突法中决定法律适用FederalcourtsoftheUnitedStates联邦法院DevelopmentoftheCISGLegalcode法典Legalsystem法律制度；法系ContractlawinthedevelopingcountriesMultinationalcorporations跨国公司Unconscionablecontract不公正合同bargainingpower议价能力ContractlawInsocialistcountriesPrivateenterprise私营企业ContractlawinthePRC:anillustrationRepeal撤销Jointventure合资企业Breachofcontract违约Accountingregulations会计规章Quasi-criminalprosecution准刑事起诉Leasingcontracts租赁合同Warehousingcontracts仓储合同The1999contractlawofChina99年合同法UnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods-CISGUNCommissiononInternationalTradeLaw-UNCITRAL联合国国际贸易法委员会Applicable可适用applicability可适用性Generalprovisions总则ApplicabilityoftheCISGtointernationaltransactionsPlaceofbusinessrequirement营业地Optout退出，排除preemption优先权preemptivePreemptasantetechnologiesvspmcconstrue文义解释remand发回重审internationaltreaty国际条约representation陈述breachofrepresentation违背合同中的陈述adoptadoption正式通过UniformCommercialCode美国统一商法典Congressionalintent国会立法意图Concurrentjurisdiction共同管辖权Litigation诉讼Contractingstate缔约国Effectuate使生效SalesexcludedfromtheCISGLiabilityfordeathorpersonalinjury人身伤亡责任Securities证券Negotiableinstruments流通票据Consumerprotectionlaws消费者保护法Excludeexclusion排除适用ValidityandformationofinternationalsalescontractsValidcontract有效合同Mutualassent合意Sufficientconsideration充分对价Legalcapacity行为能力Voidcontract无效合同Misrepresentation错误陈述enforcementofillegalcontractslegality合法性tarbertvscometalsUnitedStatesDistrictCourt地区法院UnitedStatesCourtofAppeals上诉法院SupremeCourtoftheUnitedStates最高法院Certificateoforigin原产地证明ChamberofCommerce商会EuropeanEconomicCommunityEEC欧共体Sue控告，起诉Enforceableunenforceable可执行Fraud欺诈Physicallocation实际地点Tortiousact侵权行为Illegality非法行为，违法性Bonafide善意的Dismissdismissal驳回Complaintcounterclaim起诉反诉Fraudulentcertificateoforigin欺诈的原产地证书Contrarytopublicpolicy违反国家政策Iniquity不公正行为Supersede取代Enforcementoftheagreement执行Thewritingrequirement书面要求Enactmentbystatelegislatures州立法Flexibleflexibility灵活性Legallybinding受法律约束Ambiguousambiguity模糊性Theparolevidencerule口头证言原则Extrinsicevidence外部证据Contradictedby抵触Relevantcircumstances相关现象Digitalsignaturesinelectroniccommerce电子签名Validvalidity有效性ProblemsofinterpretationOrderform订货单Subjectiveintent主观意图Customs,practicesandtradeusagesTradeusages商业惯例Mercantilepractices商业实践Reimbursement补偿reimburseunreimbursedTradeusagesundertheCISGEnteringtheagreement:theofferTheintentiontobebound订约意向Exclusionclause免责条款Expresslyimplicitly/impliedlyPublicoffers公开报价Invitationtodeal要约邀请Pricelist价目单Openpriceterms开放价格条款Government-establishedprice政府指导价Firmoffers确定的要约Revokerevocableirrevocablerevocation撤销Enteringtheagreement:theacceptanceManifestationoftheintention意思表示Initial草拟Silenceasacceptance默示承诺TimeofacceptanceExpireexpiration终止Terminatetermination终止Timeconstraints时间限制Dispatchofanacceptance承诺的发出ChateauvssabateSolejurisdiction专属管辖Verbalcontract口头合同Reversedandremanded撤销原判发还重审Writtenconfirmation书面确认Themirrorimagerule镜像原则Themannerofofferandacceptance:buyer’sandseller’sformsTheproformainvoice形式发票ContracttermsandconditionsandthebattleoftheformsTradeassociations行业协会Placeliabilityon使负责Termsandconditions合同条款Standardclause标准条款Quotedprice报价Generalconditionsofsale购买条款Termsofpayment付款方式Forcemajeure不可抗力Warranties担保Breachofwarranty违反担保Businessday营业日Limitationofliability责任范围Governinglaw准据法Consequentialdamages间接损害赔偿Incidentaldamages附带损害赔偿Specialdamages专项损害赔偿Graceperiod宽限期Battleoftheforms格式之争Purchaseorder订单Affirmativeresponse肯定回复Recourse追索权GeneralCourtofJustice常设法院ThebattleoftheformsundertheCommonLawandCivilLawThebattleoftheformsandmirrorimageruleunderUCCMateriallyaltermaterialalteration实质性改变Expresslimitation明确限制Constitutearejectionof拒绝constituteafundamentalbreachSettlementofdisputes争端解决Thevalidityofstandardcontractterms:acomparisonStandardterms格式条款Validinvalidvalidity有效性Latepaymentfee滞纳金Interestpenalty罚息Expressandimpliedwarranties明示和默示条款Merchantablemerchantability商销性Nonconforminggoods不合格商品Judicialinterpretation司法解释Fungiblegoods可替代商品Disclaimdisclaimer拒绝适用；免责条款Merchantableunmerchantablemerchantabilitymerchantability商销性Rightsandliabilities权责Disclaimingimpliedwarranties排除适用默示条款SchmitzvsrocklandBurdenofproof举证责任Warrantwarranty担保Misplace错位Noticeofnonconforminggoods不合格货物通知Nonconformityconformityconformconformingnonconforming不合格Assertthebreachagainst主张…违约RemedyforbreachofcontractAvoidanceofthecontract解除合同Pricereduction减价Specificperformance实际履行AvoidanceandthefundamentalbreachRevocationofacceptance撤回承诺Perfecttender完美看管人Fundamentalbreach根本性违约commitafundamentalbreachMinornonconformity瑕疵；substantialnonconformity严重缺陷Avoidancerights解除合同权Buyer’srighttoavoidanceMMIvsIMSExclusivelicensingagreement独家许可专属协议Denyresponsibility否认责任Arbitrationarbitrator仲裁仲裁员Arbitrationpanel仲裁委员会Placeofbusiness营业地Exceedauthority越权NoticeofavoidanceFullperformance全部履行Defectiveperformance有瑕疵的履行Specificrelief特定救济Substitutionaryrelief替代性救济Delayedperformance延迟履行Seller’srighttoremedyUnreasonableinconvenience不合理的不便Unreasonabledelay不合理迟延Rightofrejection拒收权Seller’sadditionaltimetoperformRepudiate否认PricereductionContractspecifications合约规格Withhold保留MoneydamagesBreachingparty违约方Injuredparty受损方Substitutegoods替代货物Rightofdiscretion自由裁量权resorttolegalaction诉诸法律途径themailboxruletheruleofthereceiptoftheletteroftheacceptanceDelchivsRotorexMitigatedamages减轻损失Reasonablyforeseeable可合理预见Handlingandstorage处理和储藏Compensatorydamages补偿性赔偿consequentialdamages间接损害赔偿Awardv判决赔偿……n判决裁定(损失赔偿金等的)裁定额AwardcompensatorydamagesforDenyclaimfordamages驳回要求赔偿的主张Incidentals杂费Doublerecovery重复补偿Recoverableincidentalexpenses可予以补偿的杂项费用Remandtothedistrictcourt驳回至地区法院SpecificPerformanceincommonlawandcivillawsystemsSpecificallyperform实际履行Givetimelynoticeto及时通知makeatimelyrequest及时要求Anticipatorybreach预期违约Repudiate否认效力Righttosuspendperformance中止履行的权利Provideadequateassurance提供充足保证Insolvent丧失偿付能力资不抵债Avoidanceofinstallmentcontracts分期合同Excusefornonperformance不履行的免责Practicableimpracticableimpracticability不切实际性Escapecontractualobligation逃避义务Contingency意外意外开支Impossibilityofperformance履行不能Objectivelyimpossible客观不能Inabilitytopay无力支付Frustrationofpurpose合同目的落空Commercialimpracticability商销不切实际性Unforeseenevent不可预见事件TheCISGexemptionsforimpedimentsbeyondcontrolCISG对不可控制阻碍的免责Impediments障碍Exculpatoryclause免责条款ForceMajeureclause不可抗力条款Quarantinerestriction检疫限制TheCISGPlaceofbusiness营业地ContractingStates缔约国Investmentsecurities投资证券Negotiableinstruments流通票据Formationofthecontract合同订立Rightsandobligations权利义务Validity有效性Applyto适用于Liabilityfordeathorpersonalinjury伤亡赔偿责任Privateinternationallaw国际私法Dueconsideration适当考虑Negotiations谈判Practices实际做法Usages惯例Subsequentconduct事后行为Attheconclusionofthecontract合同签订时habitualresidence经常居住地indicationofintention意思表示thepartiesmaynotderogatefromorvarytheeffectofthisarticle.各当事人不得减损或改变本条之效力。Makeadeclaration声明Sufficientlydefinite足够明确Invitationtomakeoffers要约邀请Withdrawwithdrawal撤回要约Revokerevocation撤销要约Actinrelianceontheoffer基于对要约的合理信赖Reasonablereliance合理信赖Terminate终止Rejection拒绝Indicationofassent同意表示Payment支付手段Placeandtimeofdelivery交货地点时间Extentofoneparty’sliability增加一方责任Modifications条款修订Lapse失效Domesticlaw国内法Breachofconditions违反基本条款Firstcarrier第一承运人Conformityofthegoods货物符合规定Thirdpartyclaims涉第三方诉讼Sphereofapplication适用范围Datefordelivery交货日期Specifythenatureofthelackofconformity详述Industrialproperty工业产权Intellectualproperty知识产权Determinable可决定的retainanyrightstoclaimdamages保留索偿的权利resorttoaremedyfor寻求救济asumequaltotheloss等同于损失exemptions豁免exemptfromuncontrollableunyieldingunforeseeableunavoidableinwitnesswhereof以资证明plenipotentiary全权代表denouncethisConvention退出公约consignment托运anofferisconsideredsufficientlydefiniteifit1)describesthegoods,2)expresslyorimplicitlyspecifiesthequantity,and3)expresslyorimplicitlyspecifiesthepriceforthegoods.remediesintheCISGforbreachofcontract:AvoidanceofthecontractSeller’srighttoremedyorcureSeller’sadditionaltimetoperformPricereductionMoneydamagesSpecificperformanceImpliedwarrantiesUndertheCISG,thesellermustdelivergoodsthatareofthequantity,qualityanddescriptionrequiredbythecontract,andthatArefitforthepurposesforwhichgoodsofthesamedescriptionwouldordinarilybeused.Arefitforanyparticularpurposeexpresslyorimpliedlymadeknowntotheselleratthetimeoftheconclusionofthecontract.Possessthequalitiesofgoodswhichthesellerhasheldouttothebuyerasasample.Arecontainedinthemanneradequatetopreserveandprotectthegoods.WhatdoestheCISGgovern?Onlygovern(1)Formation(2)Rightsandobligationsofthebuyerandseller(3)TheformofcontractThreebasicelementstomakeavalidacceptance(1)offeree(2)throughastatementorotherconduct(3)indicationofassenttotheofferFunctionofparolevidence:A.ToclarifyanambiguityB.ToproveadditionaltermsoftheagreementWhatarethebasicelements

tomakeaneffectiveoffer?1.aproposalcommunicatedtotheofferee2.thesufficientlydefinite,specificordetailedproposal3.theintentionofofferortobeboundincaseofacceptanceSilencecanbeanacceptance(1)whenthepartieshavemadesuchagreementsor(2)whentheoffereehashadpriordealingswiththeofferor.Inasaletheselleristhepartytoprovidegoods.Whatthesellershoulddois:(1)todeliverthegoods(2)tohandoveranydocumentsrelatingtothegoods(3)totransferthepropertyinthegoodsTheCISGisinfavoroftheconcernsofdevelopingcountriesastothispoint.UndertheCISG,----Art.38/39(1)thebuyerexaminesthegoodswithinasshortaperiodasispracticableaftertheyarereceived;(2)thebuyershouldgivenoticeofanonconformityordefectinthegoodswithinareasonabletimeunlesssomereasonableexcusepreventsdoingso;(3)noticemustbegivenwithintwoyearsfromthedateonwhichthegoodswerehandedovertothebuyer;(4)ifthebuyerfailstogivepropernotice,thebuyerlosestherighttoassertthebreachagainsttheseller.Whatarethebuyer’sremediesfortheseller’sbreach?1.Nonperformance(1)Thebuyermayavoidthecontractandclaimdamages.(2)Thebuyermayaskforspecificperformance.(3)Thebuyermaycoverandclaimdamages.Delayedperformance(1)Thebuyermaygiveagraceperiod.(2)Althoughagraceperiodisgiven,thesellerdoesnotperformwithinthisperiod.Thenthebreachisfundamental,thebuyermayavoidthecontractandclaimdamages..Defectiveperformance(1)Thebuyermayrejectthenon-conforminggoodsandaskthesellertodeliverconforminggoods.(2)Thebuyermayaskthesellertorepairthenon-conformityofgoods.(3)Thebuyermayreducetheprice.(4)Iftheformerthreeremediesarenotavailable,thebuyermayavoidcontractandclaimdamages.Whataretheseller’sremediesforthebuyer’sbreach?1.Thesellermaygrantthebuyeragraceperiod2.Thesellermayaskforspecificperformance,e.g.,makepayment.3.Thesellermayavoidcontractandclaimdamages.(1)Thesellermayresellthegoodsandclaimthedifferencebetweenthecontractpriceandthesellingpriceifthebuyerdoesnottakethedelivery.(2)Ifnoresell,thesellermayavoidcontractandclaimdamagesdirectly.

afundamentalbreachasonethatwillsubstantiallydepriveonepartyofwhatheisentitledtoexpectunderthecontract.Howmayabuyeravoidthecontractifthesellercommitsafundamentalbreach?----Art.49cancel/notify/protect/returnThe“datefordelivery”underthecontractisthedatethesellerhandsthegoodsoverdirectlytothefirstcarrierunlessthepartiesspecifyotherwise.Whereistheplaceofdeliveryifthecontractofsaleinvolvescarriageofthegoods?Thesellerexerciseshisobligationtodeliverywhilehandlingthegoodsovertothefirstcarrierfortransmissiontothebuyer.Ifthecontractofsaleinvolvescarriageofthegoods,whendoestheriskpassfromthesellertothebuyer?Theriskpassestothebuyerwhenthegoodsarehandedovertothefirstcarrierfortransmissiontothebuyerinaccordancewiththecontractofsale.(Art.67)Seller’srighttoremedywithinthetimeforperformance(priortothedeliverydate)Specificperformancemaybegrantedonlyifallofthefollowingconditionsaremet:(Art.46)a.Thebuyerhadnotresortedtoanotherremedy;b.Thesellerhasmadenon-deliveryordeliveredseriouslynonconforminggoods;c.Thebuyergavetimelynoticetothesellert