2024届山东省聊城市高三下学期二模英语试题

2024年聊城市高考模拟试题英语（二）本试卷分三部分，共8页。满分120分。考试用时100分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWelcometothefascinatingworldofbooks!Whetheryouarealifelongbookwormoraretryingtodevelopaloveforreadinginyourlittleones,the2024MiamiBookFairisforyou.WhenandWhereIstheFair?Thismuch-lovedSouthFloridaeventwillbeheldfromMay12to18,2024attheMDCWolfsonCampusPlazainDowntownMiami.Duringthisweek-longbookfeast,youwillfindagroupofeventsrunningfrommorningtonight.WhattoExpectattheFair?Thisyear,thefairwillfeaturemorethan400celebratedauthorsfromaroundtheworld.Therewillbearichcollectionofwritersandtheirworksofnonfiction,romances,children’sliterature,andalmosteveryothertypeunderthesun.Forgreenwriters,it’saplacetoconnectwiththeirfavoriteeditors.Forbooklovers,it’sanopportunitytogetautographs（亲笔签名）frommanypopularauthorsandaskthemsomequestions.IstheFairKid-Friendly?Absolutely.Farfromaboringculturalevent,thisliteraryfestivalhasfunparent-childreninteractivegamesandeducationaltents.Besides,littlereaderscannotonlyexploreartsandcrafts,butalsoexperiencefacepaintingandbookgiveaways.HowMuchDoestheFairCost?OnFriday,thefairisfree.OnSaturdayorSunday,itis$10foradultsforoneday,oryoucangetatwo-daypassfor$15.Kidsunderage12canattendforfreeandthekidsaged13-18are$5perday.Forpeopleaged62andover,youcanalsogetticketsfor$5.Somarkyourcalendars,headtoDowntownMiami,andenjoyyourselfintheheartofthecity’sliteraryscene.1.Whatcanbeexpectedatthefair?A.Donatingusedbooks. B.Seekingautographsfrompublishers.C.ExploringDowntownMiami. D.Recommendingnewbookstoeditors.2.Howmuchshouldacouplewithaten-year-oldgirlpayfortheSundayfair?A.$10. B.$15. C.$20. D.$25.3.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toadvertiseforanactivity. B.Toinspirechildren’sloveforreading.C.Toraisemoneyforcharity. D.Todescribealiteraryscene.BItwasn’tuntilIgotintocollegeandtookaclassoncreativewritingthatIbegantotrustmyownmadness.Theprofessorencouragedustocoloroutsidethelinesandtrustourabilitiesasawriter.Wehadweeklysessionswherewereadeachother’sworkandhadtogiveconstructivecriticism.Onourfirstassignment,Istruggledwithgettingmyideasontopaper.IknewthatkindofstoryIwantedtotell,butasareservedyoungman,Iwasterrifiedofjudgementfrommypeers.Iwasafraidtheywouldthinkmywritingwastoodarkorreallymessedup.Butfinally,afterspendinghoursthinkingofmakingthewritingmoresociallyacceptable,IdecidedtowriteitlikeIfeltit.Inthenextcritiquesession,Iwasshockedatthereactionfrommypeers.Therewassomeconstructivecriticism,whichreallyhelpedmeimprove,butoverall,theylovedhowrealisticandconvincingmywritingwas.Attheendoftheclass,theprofessoraskedmeifshecouldusemyassignmentasasampleforherotherclassestoknowthattheycantrusttheirownmadnesswiththeirwriting.ForthefinalwehadahugepaperforwhichwehadtowriteonHenryV.TheprofessorencouragedmetowriteitinthevoiceIhaddevelopedinthecreativewritingclass,soIdid.Theconsequencewasthatshecalleditagraduatelevelpaperandaskedtouseitasanothersample.ThatyearIendedupwinningawritingaward.Ialsoenteredawritingcontestonlineandoutofhundredsofentries,gotanhonorablemention.AndthatwaswhenIdecidedtohaveashotatfiction.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“coloroutsidethelines”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Stressthewords. B.Generatenewideas.C.Addcolortothelines. D.Takerisks.5.Whathappenedwiththeauthor’sfirstassignment?A.Hemesseditup. B.Hedidn’tknowhowtodoit.C.Hefeltinsecureaboutit. D.Headjusteditinanacceptableway.6.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph3?A.Hispeersthoughthiswritingwaspersuasive.B.Hispeerscriticizedhiswritingstyle.C.Theprofessoraskedhimtoteachotherstowrite.D.Hiswritingreachedgraduatelevel.7.Whatwasthesecretoftheauthor’ssuccessinwriting?A.Hispersistenceinwriting. B.Trustinhisownmadness.C.Hisprofessor’sencouragement. D.Constructivecriticismfromhispeers.CAstheclimatecontinuestogetwarmer,theglaciers（冰川）aremeltingandthesealevelsarerising.Asitaffectstheland,mountainsaretallerthanbefore.Howdoesthishappen?Scientistsstudiedthelasticeage,whichoccurred16,000yearsagowhenmuchofEarth’sNorthernHemispherewascoveredinice.Althoughtheicemeltedlongago,Earth’scrust（地壳）isstillrisingandsinkinginreactiontoitspreviousiceageburden.Thismovementiscalledglacialisostaticadjustment（冰川均衡调整）.Scientistsbelievethatanicesheetabout800metersthickcouldcauseadepressionabout275metersdeep,accordingtotheSmithsonianMagazine.“Astheicesheetsbegantomeltaround11,700yearsago,theglaciersclearedlargeandheavymasses,allowingthemountainstoriseup,”USgeologistMikeKaplantoldtheColumbiaClimateSchoolwebsite.RecentstudiessuggestthatlandinsoutheastAlaskaisrisingatarateofabout3centimetersperyear.Familieslivingonthecoastwelcomethis“new”land,accordingtoTheNewYorkTimes.However,theysoonfindthemselvesinatrap.Asthelandupliftsandcoastalareasmoveawayfromthesea,riverscandryupmoreeasily,makingitharderforthemtoreachthesea.Thiscouldresultinareductioninwaterresources,affectinganimalsandcreatureslivingintherivers.Researchersareconcernedthatthismaymakeachallengetofishermen,asraisingfishintheseareascouldbecomemoredifficult.WhilethedepressionofEarth’scrustspringsbackslowly,once-upliftedareasaresinking.Forexample,a2015studysuggeststhattheChesapeakeBayontheeasterncoastoftheUScouldsinkmorethan15centimetersby2100.Thissinkingtrendalsosuggeststhattheseareasmayexperiencemoresignificantimpactsfromariseinsealevels.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutglacialisostaticadjustment?A.Itmainlyhappenedduringthelasticeage.B.Itcausestheicesheetstomelt.C.Itbecomesaburdenoftheearth.D.Itaffectstheland’sheightabovesealevel.9.Howdothelocalpeopleprobablyfeelaccordingtoparagraph4?A.Concerned. B.Surprised. C.Annoyed. D.Puzzled.10.WhatchallengemighttheChesapeakeBayfaceinthefuture?A.Moreseriousseapollution. B.Lowersealevel.C.Increasedcoastalflooding. D.Rapidlanduplift.11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ClimateChangeIsCausingHigherSeaLevelB.MeltingGlaciersAreMakingMountainsTallerC.GlobalWarmingIsAffectingEcosystemD.GlacialMeltingIsPickingUpSpeedDFour-leggedrobotslikeBostonDynamics’SpotandCheetahowealmostalltheirquicknesstofancyfootwork.Inbiology,however,afour-leggedanimal’smovement,flexibility,andcomplexmotorfunctionscomealmostentirelyfromitsspine（脊柱）.Ifartificialspinescouldbeputintosuchdesigns,engineerscouldfindentirelynewapproachestoaccuratemobility.Now,engineersarereportedlyafewstepsfurthertowardsspine-centric,four-leggedbotsthankstoaresearchteam’srat-inspiredrobot.NeRmoisabiomimeticandfour-leggedrobotthatdependsonaninnovativemotor-tendon（运动肌腱的）structuretomovearoundenvironments.Asfaraslooksgo,NeRmomirrorsamouse’sbonesystem.Therobot’ssolidfronthalfhousesitselectronicssystems,whileitslatterhalffunctionsmuchasanactualflexiblespinewould.Artificialtendonspassingthroughthespineaswellastherobot’sarmandkneejointsallowNeRmoevenmoremouselikemovementsalongsidequickerturningtimes.NeRmo’stendonsystempreventedtheneedforanymusclewhilestillallowingforsmoothbendingcapabilities,i.e.side-to-side,andup-and-down.Totesttheirnewdesign,theteamranNeRmothroughaseriesoffourexperimentstodemonstratebalancing,straight-linewalking,quickturning,andmazenavigation.Eachtrialincludedtworounds—onewiththespinalsystemengaged,andtheotherwithitdisabled.Acrosstheboard,NeRmoperformedthetasksbetter,faster,andmoreaccuratelywhenitcombinedthespinewithitsmovements.Mazenavigation,however,wasNeRmo’strueshiningmoment.Withitsspineengaged,themouse-botcompleteditsmazerunsmuchfasterthansimplywanderingthroughwithoutspinalsupport.Althoughstillinitsearlystages,researchersbelievefurtherdesigninvolvingthespinalsystemsinfuturefour-leggedrobotscouldvastlyimprovetheirfunctionality.IfNeRmowasn’tproofenough,thinkofitthisway—MIT’sCheetahcanrun13feetpersecondwithjustonejointcopyingthebendingofthespineforwardandbackward.NeRmo,meanwhile,haseightjoints.12.WhatisthelimitationofBostonDynamics’SpotandCheetah?A.Havinganunattractiveappearance.B.Referringtofewbiologicalbases.C.Havingastrictrangeofapplications.D.Lackingspine-basedmovingaccuracy.13.WhichofthefollowingmakesNeRmomovemorelikemice?A.Thetendonsystem. B.Thebonesystem.C.Themusclesystem. D.Thekneejoint.14.Whatdidthefourtestingexperimentsfind?A.NeRmohadagreatsenseofdirection.B.ThespinalsystembetteredNeRmo’smovement.C.NeRmowithoutanartificialspinelostcontroleasily.D.Artificialspinesgavehopetodisabledanimals.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.PuttingNeRmointousehasdifficultiesinpractice.B.Reducingthenumberofjointsinrobotsisnecessary.C.Applyingspinalsystemstorobotshasapromisingoutlook.D.Creatingmorefour-leggedrobotsisamatteroftime.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Theheatandhumidityinsummercanmakeeventhemostdedicatedrunnerswanttostayinside.Herearesometipswhichcanhelpyouremainontrackevenwhentheweatherislessthanideal.First,doremembertostayhydratedwhenrunninginsummer.Whenit’shot,youwillsweatmoreandloseessentialelectrolytes（电解质）.Toavoidheatexhaustion,dizzinessandotherheat-relatedissues,drinkplentyoffluidsbefore,during,andafteryourrun.16Anotherwaytomakesummerrunningeasieristogetanearlystart.Thetemperatureistypicallycoolerinthemorning,andthesunwillbecomemoreintenseasthedaygoeson.17Further,startingyourrunearlywillevenhelpyoumakethemostofyourday.18However,it’sessentialtodressappropriatelyforsummerrunning.Onetipistochooselight-coloredclothing,asdarkercolorsabsorbmoreheat.Youshouldalsolookforfabricsthatarebreathableandquick-drying.Whenrunninginthesummer,payattentiontoyourbody,andtakebreaksasneededincaseofoverexertion（过度负荷）whichcanleadtoheatstroke.19Justslowdownyourusualpaceandfocusonrunningforlong,ratherthantryingtocoveralotofgroundquickly,andyouwillbeabletoenjoyyourrunwhilestayingsafe.Afterahotrun,drinkplentyoffluidsandtakeafewminutestostretch.20Bycoolingdownproperly,you’llbeabletobeattheheat.Inaddition,ithelpstoregulateyourbodytemperatureandpreventmusclesoreness.A.Then,hopinashowerortakeadipinthepool.B.Theheatwillmakeitchallengingtorunoutside.C.Thiswillhelpyoukeepyourbodyfunctioningatitsbest.D.Hence,ontopoftipsabove,it’simportanttopaceyourself.E.Solistentoyourbodyandtakebreaksifyoustartfeelingoverheatedortired.F.Bydoingit,youcanavoidtheheatandcrowdsthatoftenbuilduplaterintheday.G.Astheweathergetswarmer,itcanbetemptingtoputonyourshortsandtanktopforarun.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。EverySaturdaywetrainedwiththesamemarathonrunningclub.Ihadnoideahewasblindbecausehe21pastmealongsidehisguiderunner.IttookafewweeksbeforeIwas22askinghimwhat,ifanything,hecouldsee.Iwasn’tjust23byhisrunningtimes.Healsohadabeautifulsmilethatlituptheroom.Wehadourfirst24dateclimbingthefamoussandduneonPacificCoastHighway.Eightyearsintoourmarriage,Adriandecidedtolearnto25,sohecouldfulfillhisdreamofcompetinginanIronmantriathlon.Adrian’sfirstlessonwasa26,buthiscoach’senthusiasmwasshort-lived.Hisnextinstructorwaseasytogiveinandrecommendedmyhusband27swimming.So,beingacompetitiveswimmerinhighschool,Iwas28Icouldteachhim.SoonIrealizedhowmuchofa29swimmingwasformyhusband,evenwithatetherrope.Hisprogressateachlessonwasslowbut30.Nearlyamonthlater,hetriedwithoutthetetherrope,but31goinginthewrongdirection.EverytimeIraisedmyvoiceovertheroaringwaveshefeltso32bymyinstructions.FortunatelythesedayswelaughbecauseAdrianisevenfasterthanIam.Hehasgrownmore33withmewhenIhavetoraisemyvoice.I,34,nolongersay,“Youwentthewrongway!”,whichmakeshimfeelbad.Instead,Isay,“Overhere,”towhichhe35,andthenswimsbacktowardme.21.A.jumped B.flew C.rode D.drove22.A.comfortable B.pleased C.awkward D.anxious23.A.influenced B.defeated C.confused D.impressed24.A.easy B.official C.vital D.complete25.A.run B.bike C.swim D.diet26.A.mess B.relief C.success D.disaster27.A.abandon B.keep C.risk D.appreciate28.A.confident B.doubtful C.grateful D.fortunate29.A.benefit B.burden C.regret D.struggle30.A.slim B.steady C.hard D.alarming31.A.gradually B.rarely C.cautiously D.frequently32.A.encouraged B.worried C.frustrated D.surprised33.A.patient B.careful C.popular D.disappointed34.A.infact B.inbrief C.inturn D.inreturn35.A.looks B.nods C.bows D.shouts第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chineseacrobatic（杂技）datesbacktotheNeolithic,whenancientpeopledevelopeditfromdailylifeforenjoymentandcelebration.Theuseofdailyitemssuchastables,chairs,bowlsandplates36（be）commonintheirperformances.BythetimeoftheHanDynasty,theartofacrobatics37（achieve）greatprogressinbothcontentandvariety.Therewerewonderfulacrobaticperformances38backgroundmusiconthestage.DuringtheTangDynasty,thenumberofacrobatsgreatlyincreasedandtheirskillsimprovedagreatdeal.39（regard）aspartofthenationalheritage,Chineseacrobaticsfeaturestheability40（maintain）balanceinperformancemovements.Forexample,41experiencedacrobatcanwalkon3-meter-highpoleswhilejuggling7bowls.Acrobatscanactlikefishswimming42（smooth）inthewater,birdsflyingthroughtreesandbutterfliesdancingamongflowers,showcasingwonderfulskills43requireyearsofhardtraining.Andtheperformancesreflecthumans’spiritofbravinghardshipsanddangerswhileseeking44（perfect）.ModernChineseacrobaticshassetupadesigninganddirectingsystem.Itisaimedatcreatingbeautifulstageimagesand45（harmony）effectsofmusic,clothing,props,andlightingtobringaboutafullydevelopedstageart.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假定你是李华，得知你校的新西兰交换生David打算学习中国传统乐器二胡，但又担心会影响自己其他课程的学习。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1.表示支持；2.给出建议；3.表达愿望。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearDavid,Yours,LiHua第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Themanwaskindofsmall,buttoafive-year-old,hewasagiant.Cherry-scentedsmokefromGrandpa’s