中西方餐桌礼仪的差异-商务英语大学生本科学位论文

PAGEPAGE20中国某某某某学校学生毕业设计(论文)题目：中西方餐桌礼仪的差异姓名：00000000班级、学号：000000000系(部)：经济管理系专业：商务英语指导教师：000000开题时间：2009-4-10完成时间：2009-10-252009年10目录毕业设计任务书…………………1毕业设计成绩评定表……………2答辩申请书……………………3-6正文……………7-23答辩委员会表决意见……………24答辩过程记录表…………………25课题中西方餐桌礼仪的差异课题(论文)提纲引言1.餐桌礼仪的重要性；2．中西方餐桌礼仪的差异；2.1中餐主要餐具的使用2.1.1筷子.3盘子2.1.4茶杯2.1.5餐巾2.1.6牙签2.2中餐席位的安排2.3西餐主要餐具的使用2.3.1刀和叉.32.4西餐席位的安排2.5进餐礼仪的差异..4结语二、内容摘要Withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,theworldhasgrownsosmallthatwealldependoneachothernow.Whathappensinoneplaceoftheworldaffectsotherplaces.Andfrequentcontactsareshowingtheimportanceoftablemanners.Differentcountrieshavedifferenttablemanners.ThedifferenttablemannersbetweenChineseandwesterncountriesarethecoreofthispaper.ThispaperintroducestheuseofmaintablewaresandarrangmentofseatsandtheorderofdishesandtablemannersbetweenChineseandwesterncountries.WemusthaveagoodknowledgeoftablemannersbetweenChineseandwesterncountriesinordertoworkandliveproperlyduringtheinternationalcommunication.随着经济全球化的日益发展紧密，世界变得越来越小，并相互依存相互影响。国际间人与人之间的交往日趋频繁,也就突显了餐桌礼仪在国际交往中的重要性,不同的国家有着不同的餐桌礼仪。本文主要介绍中西方餐桌礼仪的差异，主要从主要餐具的使用,座位的安排,进餐礼仪,上菜次序来比较中西方餐桌礼仪差异的.人们需要了解中西方国家在餐桌礼仪上的差异，以便能在国际交往中更好地交流，给生活和工作带来更大的便利。参考文献[1]李元授.礼仪训练[M]华中理工大学出版社,2005-5[2]魏志国,餐饮服务饮食管理[M]北京:旅游教育出版社,2002-9[3]中餐座位主客座的位置坐法及其相关用餐礼仪常识中国旅游2007-4-2/yinshiwenhua/meishibaike/200704/21553.html[4]精致生活西餐餐具摆放中国时尚品牌网浙2006-2-4/news/Detail/2007-6-8/49442.htm/Drumsticks"\o"Drumsticks"drumsticksorusethemtomove\o"Bowls"bowlsor\o"Plates"plates.Decidewhattopickupbeforereachingwithchopsticks.Donotusechopsticksmovearoundinshareddish.Afteryouhavepickedupanitem,donotputitbackinthedish.Chopstickscanbeputquitelyonone'splateorbowl.Neverstabchopsticksintoabowlofrice,leavingthemstandingupwards.2.1.2SIt’smainfuctionisscoopthefoodanddish.Sometimesyoucanusethespoonandchopstickstogethertogetfood,buttrynottoseparetelyusethespoontopickupdish.Pleasebecarefulwhenyougetthesoupwithspoonanddon’ttakefullsuopincasethesoupoverflow.Itwillmakeyouclothsandtablegotdirty.Afteryougetthesoup,youcanpauseamomentwhenthesoupisnotfurtherdownstreamandthenmoveitbackandenjoy.Thespoonshouldbeplacedontheplatewhenyoutemporarilynotuseandpleasedon’tputitdirectlyonthetableorinthedish.Andifthefoodyouhavegotistoohot,nottouseaspoontoscoopandscooporblowwithmouth.Youcanputitonyourownbowlfirstandwaitamomentwhenitbecomecool,theneatthem.Alsodon’tusethespoonstuffedintoyoumouthorlickwithyourtonguerepeatedly.2.1.3plateismainlyusedforholdingfoodandthefunctionaswellasthebowl.Generallyplatemustbestayedinoneplaceatthedinneranddon’tstackittogether.Weneedtogiveaimportancepresentationfordishplatebecauseofspecialuseful.Themainroleofthedishplateisusedforholdingfoodthattakefromthepublicdishtoenjoy.Pleasedon’tgetmanydisheachtime.Itwillnotonlyappeardisorderbutalsolikeahungryghost.Donotputavarietyofdishesstackedtogether,itwillnotgood-lookingandbecomebadtasteandnotdelicious.Theresidue,bone,gillyounoteatshould’tsplitedonthegroundoronthetablebutshouldbetakenlightyonthefrontofdishplate.Ifthedishplateisfilledwithfood,youaskthewarterforchanging.2.1.4It’smanilyusedforholdingwater.Suchassoftdrinks,fruitjuice,colaandothers.Donotuseittoholdwineanddonotturnitover.Inaddition,thedrinkintothemouthcan’tbespritedback.2.1.5Thewaiterpreparedawetnapkcinforyoubeforedinner.It’susedtocleanyouhandsandshouldbeputbackintotheplatethatbetakenbywaiter.Sometimesbeforetheformalendofthebanquet,thewaiteralsobringawetnapkinforyouistowipeyoumouthratherthanface.2.1.6Trynottopickyouteethinpublic.Whenyouhavetodothatpleasecoveryoumouthwithyourotherhand.Afterpicking,donotholdthetoothpickinyourmouthforlongtime.Andnotuseittotakefood.2.2ThearrangementforChinesefoodseatsChineseandwesternpeopleusedifferentarrangementfortabletotreattheirguests.Thedifferentarrangementrequiredifferenttypesoftableseating。InthetraditionalChinesebanquets,peopleusethesquaretable.ThesquaretableisalsocalledatraditionalChinesetableforeight.Asitsnameshows,squaretableissquareshapeandcanprovidefoursidesforseating.Eachsidecanhavetwoseatsandeightseatsinall.Theseatsfacingthedoorareconsideredasthehonoredseatsandtheotherseatsareforordinaryguests.Inthebanquet,theguestsofhonorsitonthehonoredseatsandthehostandthehostesssitontheseatsoppositetothem.Theothergueststaketherestseatsinorder.IntheChinesetradition,thesouthisusuallyconsideredasthepositionofhonorwhilethenorthislessfavored.AsaChinesesayinggoes,“theseatofthekingfacesthesouth.”SointheChinesefeast,theseatsfacingthesouthareusuallysavedfortheimportantguestsortheelderly.BeforetheChinesepeoplegetintotheseatingtheyalwaysdeclinemodestlyabouttheseatsfacingthesouth.2.3Theuseofwesternmaintableware2.3.1KTheforkisheldinyourlefthandandtheknifeisheldinyourright.Youshouldholdyourknifewiththehandleinyourpalm.Atfirstyouholddownthefoodwithafork,thencutitintosmallpieceswithaknife,andthenforkitintoyourmouth.Americanusetheforkinyourlefthandwhilecutting,andthenswitchtorighthandtopickupandeatapiecewhileeuropeansnotchangehands.Theforkisusedtoconveyanysolidfoodtothemouth.Theknifebladeshouldbeplacedontheedgeofyourplatewhennotinuse.Thebladeshouldalwaysfaceinward.Ifthereareanumberofknivesorforks,thenyoushouldstartfromtheoutsidesetaseachcourseisserved.2.3.2SWiththerighhandheldthespoonandthefingermustbemaintainedattheendofspoonhandle.Inaddition,pleaseusethespoontogetthesoupanddonotuseittogetotherfood.Whenyouhavefinishedeatingsoup,thespoonshouldbeplacedtothesideofthesaucer,notleftinthebowlorputontheshareddish.Wheneatingsoup,youshouldholdyourspooninyourrighthandandtipthebowlawayfromyou,scoopingthesoupinmovementsawayfromyourself.2.3.3Duringdinnerlargenaplcinscanbefoldedoutwardandcoveredsteadilyonthelap,butsmallnapkincanbestretchedinthelegsdirecty.Pleasebecarefulnothungitonthechestandcleanyoufaceortableware.Pleaseusetheinsideofnapkintowipemouthifyoumakeamessratherthanoutside.Neverblowyournoseonyournapkin.Yournapkinshouldneverbescrewedup.Whenfinished,folditneatlyandleaveittotheleftofyourplate.2.4WesterncountriesseatsarrangementThewesternbanquetsareusedtousingthelongtable.Innormalsituationwhichboththehostandthehostessattend,thehostandthehostesssitonthetwoendsofthetable.Theguestofhonorsitsontherightsideofthehostesswhilethewifeofthehonoredguestsitsontherightsideofthehost.Theotherguestssitaccordingtotheirstatusandonemanshouldsitnexttoonewoman.Butthewesterntraditionaltableseatingpaysmoreattentiontothepositionsofleftandright.Therightismorefavorablethantheleft.Thatisbecausethewesternpeoplethinkthatthesunrisesfromtheeastwhichisjusttherightsidetothem.Sorightmeansmotivaveintheireyes.Thehonoredguestsarenormallysittingattherightsideofthehostsandallguestssitinaclockwiseorderaccordingtotheirimportance.Thereisarulethateachpersonseated,orleavehisseat,shouldbeleftoutfromtheseat.2.5ThedifferencedinningmannersbetweenwesternandChinese2.5.1Pleasekeepaexcellentgustureduringdinnersoyoushouldmaintainyourbodystraightandkeepyourfeetonthegroundwithoutmoving.Duringdinneryourhavemanyoptionsabouthowtoplaceyourhand.Youcanputyourwristatthebottomedgeofthetableorputhandsontheknees.Butthemostimportantthingsisthatyourhandsmustremainstationary.Chinesetraditionallyeat\o"Rice"ricefromasmall\o"Bowl"bowlheldinthelefthand.Thericebowlisraisedtothemouthandthericepushedintothemouthusingthechopsticks.Thethumbmustalwaysbeabovetheedgeofthebowl.Andnotuseaspoontoscoopricefromthebowl.whensoupingchinesepeopledonotwantmakeanyvoiceaswellaswesterners.Chinesepeoplescoopthesoupfromoutsidetoinsidewhilethewesternersarescoopedfrominsideout.Whendinninginwesternthecellphonealmostnotturnonunlessyouhaveaveryimportantthings.Inthissituation,theringtonesshouldbeturnedquietly.Ifringingyouneedtosaysorrytoallguestandthengoout.ThisruleisalsousedinChinese.Duringdinneryouneedinvitethegueststoeatfirstanddonothurrytotakethedish.Eachtimegetlessdishandtakelessdishfarawayfromyour.Nomatterwhatparticularfoodyoueat,don’tmakeanyvoice.Itisacceptabletotakefoodtopeoplewhoarehavingdifficultyinpickingupthefoodfarawayfromhimself.Alsoitisasignofrespecttopassfoodtotheelderlyfirstbeforethedinnerstarts.Traditionally,itispolitefortheyoungestmembersofthetabletotalkeachandeveryoneoftheelderlymembersofthetablebeforeamealstartsandtellthemto"eatrice",whichmeans"goaheadandstartthemeal",toshowrespect.Thehostshouldalwaysmakesuretheguestsdrinksaresufficientlyfull.Youshouldnotpourforyourselffirst,butshouldoffertopourforaneighbor.Whenyourdrinkisbeingpoured,youshouldnotsay"thankyou"butmaytapyourfingersonthetabletoshowappreciation.Whenpeoplewishtoputdrinkstogetherintheformofacheer,itisimportanttoobservethatyoungermembersshouldputtheedgeoftheirdrinkbelowtheedgeofaneldertoshowrespect.2.5.2Accordingtotraditionalmanners,themealusuallybeginswithasetofatleastfourcolddishes,tobefollowedbythemaincoursesofhotmeatandvegetabledishes.Andthenthesoupwillbeserved,tobefollowedbydumplingsornoodlesorfruit.Hotfoodshouldbeservedontheleftofhonoredguste’sopposite.Servingmannersareasfollows:Ifthedishincludethepatternofpeacocks,phoenix,itshouldbeservedonfrontofthefirsthonoredguestandthemasters.Itwillconvinientforthemtoappreciate.Thefirsthotfoodshouldbeplacedonfrontoftheownerandhonoredguest.Thedishnotfinishdeismovedtowardsthesideofdeputymasteraswellasthefolloweddish.DonotputtheBeheaded,ducktail,fishridgefacetohonoredguesthoweveryoushouldputtheBeheadedandduckheadtowardstotherightplaceofthehonoredguest.DuetoFish-belliedlittlethornanddelicioussoyoushouldputtheFish-belliedtowardstothehonoredguestratherthanFishRidge2.5Refrainfromcoughing,sneezingorblowingnoseathetableandnotmakeworsenoiseswhileeating.Whenchewingfood,closeyourmouthandonlytalkwhenyouhaveswallowedit.Alsonottalkatloudvolume.Swallowallfoodbeforeeatingmoreorhavingadrink.Thefoodshouldbebroughttoyourmouthonthefork;youshouldsitstraightandnotleantowardsyourplate.Donotstareatanyonewhileheorsheiseatingandnotblamesomeonewhohasshownpoortablemanners.Alwaysaskthehostorhostesstobeexcusedbeforeleavingthetableduringdinner.Donoteatfoodwithyourfingersunlessyouareeatingfoodscustomarilyeatenwithfingers,suchasbread,frenchfries,chickenwings,pizza,etc.Donotasktotakesomeofyouruneatenfoodawayfromthemealafteritends,especiallywhenhavingaformaldinner.Keepyournapkinonyourlap.Atmoreformaloccasionsallgusterswillwaittoplacetheirnapkinsontheirlapsuntilthehostorhostessplaceshisorhernapkinonhisorherlap.Atmoreformaloccasionsalldinnersmustwaittobeginuntilthehostessorhostliftsaforkorspoon.Whenserving,servefromtheleftandpickupthedishfromtheright.Beveragesarebothservedandremovedfromtheright.Eatsoupquitelyandwiththesideofthespoon.Ifyou’reeatingadessert,yourforkshouldbeheldinthelefthandandthespoonintheright.Wheneatingbreadrolls,breakoffapiecebeforebuttering.Useyourknifeonlytobutterthebread,nottocutit.\o"Tea"Teaor\o"Coffee"coffeeshouldneverbepouredintothesaucertocoolbutshouldbesippedfromthecup.Andicemaybeusedtocooleither.Drinksshouldalwaysbetotherightofyourplatewiththebreadrolltotheleft.Itisconsideredrudetoanswerthetelephoneatthetable.Ifyouneedtotakeanurgentcall,excuseyourselfandgooutside.Alwaysaskforpermissionfromthehostandexcuseyourselfifyouneedtoleavethetable.Youshouldplaceyournapkinonyourseatuntilyoureturn.Ifyoumustleavethetableorareresting,andyourforkshouldbeateighto’clockandyourknifeatfouro’clock.Neverleanacrosssomebodyelse’splate.Ifyouneedsomethingtobepassed,askthepersonclosesttoit.Ifyouhavetopasssomething,onlypassitifyouareclosesttoitandpassitdirectlytothemifyoucan.Saltandpeppershouldbepassedtogether.Alsodonottakefoodfromaneighbour’splateanddon’tasktodoso.Ifpouringadrinkforyourself,offertopouradrinkforyourneighboursbeforeservingyourself.Ifextrafoodisonthetable,askothersfirstiftheywouldlikeitbeforetakingityourself.Neverpickfoodoutofyourteethwithyourfingernails.Youmustnotputyourelbowsonthetable.Alwaysremember“regular”manners.Remembertosay"please"and"thankyou".Trytoeatallthefoodyouareserved.Whenyou’refinished,placeyourknifeandforktogetheratsixo’clockwithyourforkontheleftandknifeontheright,withtheknifebladefacingin.Thissignalsthatyouarefinished.2.5.4theorderofdishinwesterntheorderofdisharefollowing:

Thefirstdishofwesternisthefirstplateandalsocalledappetizer,itgenerallyincludecoldappetizersandhotappetizers.Alsoithasdistinctiveflavorandit’stastebasedonsaltandacid.What’smore,theappetizerareofhighquality.

Thereisgreatdifferentthatwesternsecondcoursewassoup.Thekindsofsoupislessbutofhighnutritional.

Ingeneral,FishdishesasthethirdwesterndishesisalsocalledtheDeputydishes.Becausefishdishesiseasiertod