TEM-4-(第五节-非谓语动词、独立主格和情态动词)课件

TEM-4Vocabulary&Grammar五、非谓语动词、独立主格、情态动词

1精选2021版课件非谓语动词

非谓语动词不能在句子中单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和单复数限制。非谓语动词有：不定式、动名词和分词（现在/过去）。否定形式：not(to)do,notdoing,notbeingdone,nothavingdone非谓语动词常在句中作除了谓语之外的成分，如：作主语、表语、宾语、状语、定语和补语

Vocabulary&Grammar2精选2021版课件不定式、动名词可直接作主语由it充当形式主语Itisnousedoingsth.Itiseasytodosth.

Therebe句型往往用动名词作主语：“没法”Therewasnotellingwhenthismighthappenagain.Therewasnoarguingwithher.主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，结构须一致：Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.1.___isnotaseriousdisadvantageinlife.(2001)a.Tobenottall.B.Nottobetall.C.Beingnottall.D.Notbeingtall2.TheMinisterofFranceisbelieved___ofimposingnewtaxestoraiseextrarevenue.a.thatheisthinkingb.tobethinkingc.thatheistothinkd.tothinkVocabulary&Grammar非谓语动词DB3精选2021版课件

不定式的完成时态可表示先于语谓语动词发生的动作或状态；也可表示表示过去没能实现的愿望、计划或与过去事实相反的愿望、期待、计划等：

intended,hoped,wanted,expected,meant,promised,planned,wished,thought,was,weree.g.

1.

AIDSissaid____thenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsintheregion.(2002)a.beingbtobec.tohavebeend.havingbeen2.Lindawas__theexperimentamonthago,butshechangedhermindatthelastminute.(2007)a.tostartb.tohavestartedc.tobestartedd.tohavebeenstartingVocabulary&Grammar非谓语动词cb4精选2021版课件

省略TO的不定式e.g.1.____himtomorrow?(2001)a.Whynottocallonb.whydon’tcallonc.whynotcallingond.whynotcallonhadbetter,wouldrather,wouldrather…than,wouldsooner…than,cannotbut,cannothelpbut…,donothingbut,mightaswell等后的不定式要省略to不定式特殊句型：suchasto…such…asto…so…asto…e.g.

Thestoryissotouchingastomakeeveryonecry.

Vocabulary&Grammar非谓语动词d5精选2021版课件不定式和动名词由其前面的动词要求常接动名词的动词有：advise,avoid,consider,enjoy,confess,delay,deny,involve,finish,mind,mention,postpone,resent,suggest,stand,understand,complete,cease/stop/quit,forget/remember/regret;trytodo(尽量)，trydoing试着；meandoingsth(意味着)，meantodosth打算wanttodosth（想做）,wantdoing(需要被)即可用动名词的主动形式也可以用不定式的被动语态表被动的有：need,want,deserve,repay,requiree.g..Theflowersneedwatering/needtobewateredVocabulary&Grammar非谓语动词6精选2021版课件分词：现在分词：表主动过去分词：表被动e.g.1.___atinthisway,thesituationdoesn’tseemsodesperate.(2007)A.LookingB.LookedC.BeinglookiedD.Tolook2.Thereareonlytenapplesleftinthebaskets,___thespoiltone.(2006)A.notcountingB.nottocountC.don’tcountD.havingnotcount3.Ifnot____withtherespecthefeelsduetohim,Jackgetsveryill-temperedandgrumblesallthetime.(2004)A.beingtreatedB.treatedC.betreatedD.havingbeentreated分词作状语时，从句的逻辑主语往往与主句的主语一致

Vocabulary&Grammar非谓语动词BAB7精选2021版课件分词的独立主格结构当分词作状语且逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时候，就构成了分词的独立主格结构e.g.1.

Time____,thecelebrationwillbeheldasscheduled.(2003)A.permitB.permittingC.permittedD.permits2.There____nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.(2000)A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.be独立主格结构特点：两个句子，中间用逗号隔开，但无任何连接词（and,but,if.etc）两个句子中一个是完整的句子，另外一部分即为独立主格结构独立主格结构的主语多为名词或者代词（与主句的主语不同），与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词，不定式存在逻辑上的主谓关系Vocabulary&GrammarBC8精选2021版课件a.现在分词的独立主格名词/代词+现在分词(逻辑主语和现在分词是主谓关系)e.g.

There

beingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.(表原因)

Weather

permitting,wewillthrowaparty.(表条件)=If---permits

Thedarkclouds

havingdispersed,thesunshoneagain.(表时间，完成时态表示独立主格先于主句的谓语发生)b.过去分词的独立主格名词/代词+过去分词（逻辑主语和过去分词是动宾关系）e.g.

Theworkersworkedstillharder,theirlivingconditionsgreatlyimproved.（表结果）

Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,(his)eyes

fixedontheblackboard.（表方式或伴随）Vocabulary&Grammar分词的独立主格结构9精选2021版课件独立主格结构的其他形式c.名词(代词)+不定式(强调一次具体的动作)e.g.

Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabor,each

totranslateaquarterofthebook.我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。

Anumbeofofficialsfollowedtheemperor,some

toholdhisrobe,otherstoadjusthisgirdle,andsoon.

d.名词(代词)+形容词e.g.

TheTrojans(being)asleep,theGreeksoldierscreptoutofthehollowwoodenhorse．特洛伊人睡着了，于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。

Computers(being)verysmall,wecanusethemwidely.电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。Vocabulary&Grammar10精选2021版课件e.名词(代词)+副词e.g.Breakfast

(havingbeen)over,hewenttowork.

Lights

(being)off,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.f.名词(代词)+介词短语(名词前不需要限定词)e.g.Hewentoff,gun/

book

inhand.

在下面情况中，being/havebeing不能省略e.g.

ItbeingSaturday,wegoshopping.

Therebeingnobodyelse,weleft.Vocabulary&Grammar独立主格结构的其他形式11精选2021版课件g.with/without的复合结构e.g.Hewentoffwithaguninhand.

Nobodynoticing,Ibrokeintothehouse.

Withoutanyonenoticing,Ibrokeintothehouse.Iwenttobedwithoutthejobfinished.

e.g.Therearemanystudents,someofthem____Chinese.(be)Therearemanystudents,someofwhom____Chinese.(be)Therearemanystudentsandsomeofthem____Chinese.(be)

Agricultureisthecountry’schiefsourceofwealth,wheat___byfarthebiggestcerealcrop.(2003)A.isB.beenC.beD.being

Vocabulary&Grammar独立主格结构的其他形式Dbeingareare12精选2021版课件情态动词主要的情态动词有：can/could/may/might/will/would/shall/should/dare/must/oughtto/need/usedtoTEM4考试重点：情态动词+havedone的用法(往往与过去有关)a.musthavedone：对过去已发生情况的肯定推测“一定…”

can’t/couldn’thavedone:对过去或已发生的否定推测“不会…”

must表示推测的否定形式是can’t;

mustn’t表示禁止b.needn’thavedone(didn’thaveto):

做了没必要的事“没必要…”c.should/oughtto