大足石刻释迦涅盘

本文格式为Word版下载后可任意编辑和复制第第页大足石刻释迦涅盘（时间）TheDazuRockCarvingsareaseriesofChinesereligioussculpturesandcarvings,datingbackasfarasthe7thcenturyAD,Theearliestcarvingswerebegunin650ADduringtheearlyTangDynasty,entury,whenWeiJunjing,PrefectofChangzhou,pioneeredthecarvingsonMountBeishan,andhisexamplewasfollowedafterthecollapseoftheTangDynastybylocalandgentry,monksandnuns,andordinarypeopleduringtheFiveDynastiesandTenKingdomsPeriod(907-65).Inthe12thcentury,duringtheSongDynasty,aBuddhistmonknamedZhaoZhifengbeganworkontheelaboratesculpturesandcarvingsonMountBaoding,dedicating70yearsofhislifetotheproject.

宝顶卧佛是宝顶大佛湾最大的一尊造像，也是大足石刻最大的一尊造像。全长31米。这尊佛像是横卧着的，人们就叫它卧佛。佛经里没有这种叫法，应当叫释迦涅盘圣迹图。“涅盘”实际上就是死了的意思，但它和一般人所说的死又不一样。涅盘是佛教的最高境界，是修行圆满，从生老病死以及各种欲望忧虑的苦海中解脱出来，进入“不生不死”、尽善至美的抱负境地。这也是众生皈依佛法后所追求的最高抱负。因此，这幅图画给人的感觉是肃穆安静的气氛，而没有惊恐慌乱的情景。

释迦头北脚南，背东面西，右侧而卧。两眼半开半闭，似睡非睡，安祥，安静。在释迦面前从地里涌出18弟子，或内向，或外向，或合掌而立，或手捧香花水果，或手持如意，或侧首伫望，皆作悲恸状。表现了弟子对逝者崇敬厚爱而依依眷恋之情。

佛像的正中有一香案，上面摆着香花水果等各种供品。香案上香烟缭绕，上达云端。云端上有女像9人，有说是天女，有说是释迦眷属。如是眷属，中间是释迦母亲摩耶夫人，左边是他姨妈。摩耶夫人生下释迦几天就死了，释迦由他姨妈带大，右边是释迦的妻子，是邻国的一个公主，长得特别美丽。这三个都比释迦先死。她们在天宫闻得噩耗就率众眷属从天而降，手捧鲜花水果，迎接释迦圣灵。SleepingBuddhaisoneofthelargeststatuesatDazuRockCarvings.itstotallengthis31meters.Thisstatueisrecumbent,sopeoplecallitthesleepingBuddha.Infact,thereisnotthenameinthesutras,anditshouldbecalledthegraphofSakyamuninirvana.Nirvanameansthatonepersongetsfreedomfromsorrowandgetsintotheheaven..Thepicturegivespeoplethesolemnandquietfeeling,notpanicked.

Buddha’sheadfacestonorth;hisfeetfacesouth;hisbackfaceswest;hisrightarmliesonthestair.Hiseyesarehalf-closed,half-sleepy,sereneandcalm.InfrontofBuddhafromEarthappear18disciples,introvertedorextroverted,prayingorstand,orholdingflowers,fruit,orafortune,orstandingstilltowatchhimforalongwhile,verygrieved.Itexpressedthedisciples’respectandattachment.

Buddhahasamedianincensetable,onwhichstoodafragrantfruitand

variousgifts.Incensetablesmokecloud,come.Onacloudlike9people,thereisright,therearesaidtobeShakyafamily.Ifhousehold,middleistheBuddhamotherMaya,ontheleftishisaunt.MayahaddiedafewdaysofSakyamuniBuddha,broughtupbyhisaunt,ontherightbyhiswife,isaneighboroftheprincess,looksverybeautiful.ThethreethanSakyamunidied.Theysmellbadrateinthetemplehouseholddropfromtheclouds,holdingflowersfruit,welcomebytheHolyspirit.

大足石刻千手观音被誉为“世界石刻艺术之珍宝”，是大足石刻中最精致、雕刻工艺最简单，史上重修次数最多的一尊雕像，其手眼数量之多，艺术造诣之高，影响之广泛，都堪称“国宝中的国宝”。

大足石刻“千手观音”雕凿于南宋中后期，该造像在88平方米的崖面上刻有1007只手、眼，造像龛高7.7米，宽12.5米，集雕塑、彩绘、贴金于一体，状如孔雀开屏，金碧辉煌。建成800多年来，“千手观音”造像因受风化等多种“病害”侵蚀，曾多次修复。最近一次大面积贴金是在清代光绪15年，距今已100多年。GoldenHandsBuddhaatDazuRockCarvingsisfamousasarttreasuresofrockcarvingsintheworld.ItisthemostexquisitecarvingduringDazurock

carvings.Itownsthemostsophisticatedtechnology,andthemost

rehabilitatingtimes.itsartisticattainmentsisveryhigh,andhasaextensiveinfluence,whichcanberegardedasnationaltreasureinnationaltreasure.Dazustone:GoldenHandsBuddhawascarvedinthelateSouthernSongDynasty,thestatuesinthe88squaremetersoftheclifffacewascarvedwith1007hands,andeyes.Thestatueniche,7.7metershigh,12.5meterswide,gatheredsculpture,painting,gildinginone,,likeapeacock,withglitteringarticlesofgoldandjade.Ithasbeenbuiltmorethan800yearsuntilnow,aBuddismgodnessGuanyinBodhisattvasculpturesduetoweatheringandotherdiseaseerosion,hasrepeatedlyrepair.ArecentlargeareagoldisintheQingGuangxu15years,nowhasmorethan100years.

宝顶山摩崖造像始凿于南宋年间，以大足大佛湾为主体，小佛湾次之。巨型雕刻360余幅，以六道轮回，广阔宝楼阁、华严三圣像、千手观音像等最为闻名。

BaodingshancliffsideimageswascarvedintheSouthernSongDynastyyears,DazuDafowanrockcarvingsasthemainbody,Xiaofowanrockcarvingsastheminorbody.Thereareover360giantsculptures,Liudaolunhuistatue,GuangdabaolouPavilion,Huayansanshengstatue,GoldenHandsBuddhaasthemostfamous.

南山，古名广华山。山顶上原有道观，名玉皇观。南山石刻造像缘起于南宋时期（公元1127～1279年），属道教造像。明清两代稍有增补。MountNanshan,whoseancientnameisMountGuanghua.AtthetopofthemountainwasonceTaoisttemple,namedasYuhuangtemple..CarvedstonestatuesfromtheSouthernSongDynasty(1127～1279),belongtoTaoiststatues.TheywereslightlyrepairedduringtheMingandQingDynastiestwogenerations.

石篆山位于大足区龙岗街道西南25公里处的三驱镇佛惠村，海拔444.6米。石篆山摩崖造像为典型的释、道、儒“三教”合一造像区，在石窟中罕见。

MountShizhuanCliffsideimagesgathertypicalBuddhismandTaoism,Confucianismattheoneplace.Itisseldomseenwithincarvings.

石门山造像开凿于公元1094～1151年（北宋绍圣至南宋绍兴二十一年）。石门山摩崖造像为佛教、道教合一造像区，尤以道教造像最具特色.MountShimenstatueswerebuiltintheyear1094to1151.ShimenmountainCliffsideimagegathersBuddhismandTaoismatoneplace.Especially,Taoiststatuesarethemostshining.

北山摩崖造像始刻于唐末，至南宋结束，和宝顶山石刻同为大足石刻中最大石刻，古名龙岗山，北山摩崖造像近万尊，造像题材51种，