美国社会与文化（浙江理工大学）智慧树知到期末考试答案2024年

美国社会与文化（浙江理工大学）智慧树知到期末考试答案2024年美国社会与文化（浙江理工大学）TheregionofNewEnglandisalsofamousforEightIvyLeagueuniversities,likeHarvardUniversity,YaleUniversityand_____________,andsoon.

A:UniversityofWisconsinB:ColumbiaUniversityC:StanfordUniversityD:CaliforniaStateUniversity答案:ColumbiaUniversityAccordingtotheIMFortheInternationalMonetaryFund,largeUScorporationsalsoplayamajorroleontheglobalstage,withmorethan__________listedontheForbesGlobal500.

A:aseventhofcompaniesB:afifthofcompaniesC:asixthofcompaniesD:afourthofcompanies答案:afifthofcompaniesInreality,therearemanydifferentkindsofchurchesandmanydifferentchoicesinAmerica.Althoughthereisreligiousfreedomandthereisnostatechurch,thegovernmentisdirectlyinvolvedinanywayinthepracticeorexerciseofreligion.________

A:正确B:错误答案:错误OnSeptember11,2001,nearly3,000peoplewerekilledintheterroristattacksattheWorldTradeCenterinWashington,D.C.,U.SA.______

A:正确B:错误答案:错Clearly,theUSfederalgovernmentseekstoactinthebestinterestsofitscitizensthroughthesystemof“ChecksandBalances”,andeachbranchisindependentoftheothers.________

A:正确B:错误答案:正确Asthecapitalcity,WashingtonD.C.islocatedinthecentraleasternpartoftheUSonthePotomacRiver.However,asthestate,WashingtonmakesupthenortheasterncornerofthecontiguousUnitedStates.___________

A:错误B:正确答案:错误PresidentTrumpsignedanexecutiveorderin2016,torestorerelationsbetweenCubaandtheUnitedStatesafteraperiodalmost60yearsofnottalkingtothegovernmentofCuba._____

A:错误B:正确答案:错AccordingtoProf.Hoffmann’sunderstanding,bythebeginningofthe20thcentury,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologywasthefirsttocreatenotjustaneconomicsdepartmentbutabusinessschool.___________

A:正确B:错误答案:错误IntheUnitedStatesofAmerica,themostpopulousstateisCaliforniawithalmost40millioninhabitantsandthelargestU.S.statebylandareaisAlaska,whichisabitmorethantwicethesizeofTexasandfourtimesthesizeofCalifornia._____________

A:正确B:错误答案:正确AfterWorldWarII,thetwobigalliancesweregraduallyformed.TheUnitedStatesbecametheheadofNATO,andtheSovietUnionwastheheadoftheWarsawPact._________

A:正确B:错误答案:正确PresidentReaganwasassassinatedwhilepartofaparadeinDallas,Texas.AndPresidentKennedywasalsoshotintheHiltonHotelinWashingtonDC.________

A:正确B:错误答案:正确What’simportanttokeepinmindisthatfromthecolonialperiodtothemid-nineteenthcentury,theUSwasprimarilyanindustrialsociety.________

A:错误B:正确答案:错误ThefirstpresidentoftheUSAwasGeorgeWashington,whowascommanderinchiefoftheContinentalArmyduringtheAmericanRevolutionaryWar(1775-83)andservedtwotermsasthefirstU.S.presidentfrom1789to1797._____________

A:错误B:正确答案:正确Theessenceof“TrumanDoctrine”wastodividetheworldintotheWesternHemisphereandtheEasternHemisphere,partofthatwasmilitarystrategicthinking,butagreatpartofthathadtodowithsecurityandtheinterestsbetweencountries._____

A:正确B:错误答案:正确AllAmericancitizenswhoareregisteredtovotecasttheirballotsformembersoftheUSElectoralCollege,knownaselectors,whointurncastdirectvotes,knownaselectoralvotesforVicePresident._____

A:错误B:正确答案:错TheGIBillwascreatedaftertheFirstWorldWarinordertoprovideeducationandhealthbenefitsforex-soldiers,andencouragementoenlisttoserveinthearmedforces._____

A:错误B:正确答案:错IntheUSA,thelargestgroupisProtestant,followedbyRomanCatholics.OtherreligiousgroupsincludeJudaism,Buddhism,HinduismandTaoism.___________

A:正确B:错误答案:错Asanewnation,fromitsestablishmentaftertheAmericanRevaluationuntiltheSpanish-AmericanWar,America’sprimenationalinterestwastomaintainitsindependencefrommorepowerfulEuropeancountries.______

A:正确B:错误答案:正确RisinginLakeItascainMinnesotaandendingintheGulfofMexico,theMississippiRiveristhelongestriverofNorthAmerica,coveringatotaldistanceof3,766km)fromitssource.____

A:正确B:错误答案:正确IntheAmericansystem,therearethreelevelsofgovernment,thefederalgovernment,thestategovernmentandthecityorlocalgovernment._____

A:对B:错答案:对Inthevideo,Timsaysthathehaslargelythesamereligiousbeliefsashisfamily.Hisparentsareveryreligiousandattendchurchregularly,andsodoeshe.________

A:正确B:错误答案:正确WhenProf.HoffmannwasapostgraduatestudentinFrance,therewasabigAmericanmilitarybasecalledWürzburg,nottoofarfromhisuniversity._____

A:错误B:正确答案:错误EachstatereceivesaparticularnumberofelectorswhichistwofortheirSenatorsintheSenateplusthenumberofRepresentativesinCongress,whichisbasedon____________.

A:economicstrengthB:populationsizeC:vastterritoriesD:abundantresources答案:AI参考:答案：B:人口数量\n\n解析：根据题干中的句子“EachstatereceivesaparticularnumberofelectorswhichistwofortheirSenatorsintheSenateplusthenumberofRepresentativesinCongress，whichisbasedon__________.”可知，每个州获得的选举人数量是参议院议员数量的两倍加上国会众议院代表的数量，这个数量是基于人口数量。因此，正确答案是B。其他选项与句子中的内容没有直接关系。经济实力、广袤领土和丰富资源都与选举人数量没有直接关系。'Needlesstosay,fromearlycolonialdays,someEnglishandGermansettlerscametothisNewWorldinsearchof_____________.

A:religiousfreedomB:politicalfreedomC:economicfreedomD:culturalfreedom答案:AI参考:正确答案是A:religiousfreedom。\n根据题干中的“Needlesstosay，fromearlycolonialdays”可知，这些英国和德国的殖民者来到新大陆是为了寻求宗教自由，因为早期殖民时期，宗教信仰自由是最重要的因素之一。因此，答案为A。B、C、D选项虽然都与自由有关，但与题干中的“早期殖民时期”不符。'Duetotechnologyand_____________,peopleareoftenmoreconnectedtoothersthroughtheInternetorothertechnologicalmeansratherthandirectface-to-facecontact.

A:morepersonalindependenceB:morefascinationC:morecivilizationD:moreevaluation答案:AI参考:正确答案是C:morecivilization。\n根据题干中的句子结构和语境，可以推断出答案应该是与“文明”相关的选项。而选项C中的“morecivilization”恰好符合这一要求，表示人们更倾向于通过互联网或其他技术手段与他人联系，而不是直接面对面接触。因此，选项C是正确答案。选项A中的“morepersonalindependence”与句意不符，选项B和D在语境中也没有什么意义。'_____________ofPresidentNixon’sfirsttriptoChinain1972,whichmarkedanimportantstepinformallynormalizingrelationsbetweentheUnitedStatesandChina.

A:Dr.PanstillcherishedhisvividmemoryB:EdwardstillcherishedhisvividmemoryC:TimstillcherishedhisvividmemoryD:Prof.Hoffmannstillcherishedhisvividmemory答案:AI参考:正确选项是【A:Dr.Panstillcherishedhisvividmemory】。\n\n句子中使用了of短语，表示与前面提到的内容有关联，所以需要选择一个与“Nixon第一次访问中国”有关的人或事物。选项A中的Dr.Pan符合这个要求，因此是正确答案。选项B、C、D中的Edward、Tim和Prof.Hoffmann都不是与Nixon第一次访问中国有关的人或事物，因此不符合句意。'FromTim,we’vegottoknowthatheenjoysworkingoutside,workingwithnature,sohedidalotofwork______________,makingitlookmorebeautifulandmorevaluable.

A:withcommunitypropertyB:withpeople’spropertyC:withimmovablepropertyD:withintellectualproperty答案:AI参考:正确答案是D:withintellectualproperty。\n句子中提到了“大自然”，而withintellectualproperty指的是与知识产权相关的作品，与大自然相结合可以创造更美丽、更有价值的作品，因此选项D是正确答案。A、B、C选项都与句子意思不符。'ThecapitaloftheUSiscalledWashington,D.CorDistrictofColombia,whichislocatedbetweenVirginiaandMarylandonthe________________.

A:St.LawrenceRiverB:PotomacRiverC:ColoradoRiverD:HudsonRiver答案:AI参考:正确答案是B:PotomacRiver。\n根据题目中的描述，美国的首都是华盛顿特区，位于弗吉尼亚州和马里兰州之间，而选项中只有PotomacRiver符合这个描述，因此答案为B。其他选项中，St.LawrenceRiver是位于加拿大和美国之间的河流，ColoradoRiver是位于美国西南部的河流，HudsonRiver则是位于纽约州的一条著名河流。'Americahasbecomefamousforits“___________”,includingburgers,friesandsodapop(knownasfizzydrinksintheUK).Americanpeoplealsolovepizza,MexicanandChinesefood,broughttotheUSAbytheimmigrantswhomakeupmodernAmericanculture.

A:SeafoodB:RiverfoodC:HealthyfoodD:Junkfood答案:AI参考:正确选项是【D:Junkfood】。\n\n根据句子中的描述，美国因其“垃圾食品”而闻名，包括汉堡、薯条和苏打水（在英国被称为“碳酸饮料”）。而句子后半部分提到了美国人喜欢披萨、墨西哥和中式食物，这些食物都是由移民带到美国的，形成了现代美国文化的一部分。因此，根据上下文的逻辑推理，正确答案是D选项“垃圾食品”。'TheRepublicanParty,whichwasformedinthe1850s,bypeopleinthestatesoftheNorthandWest,suchasAbrahamLincoln,whowantedthegovernmentto___________intonewstatesbeforebeingadmittedtotheUnion.

A:preventtheexpansionofterritoriesB:preventtheexpansionofslaveryC:preventtheexpansionofmilitaryforcesD:preventtheexpansionofpower答案:AI参考:正确选项是【B:preventtheexpansionofslavery】。\n\n原文中提到，共和党是在19世纪50年代由北方和西部的人们成立的，这些人包括亚伯拉罕·林肯，他们希望政府能够阻止奴隶制度的扩张，在加入联邦之前成为新的州。因此，选项B“preventtheexpansionofslavery”符合原文意思。选项A“preventtheexpansionofterritories”不太准确，因为原文中并没有提到阻止领土扩张的具体内容。选项C“preventtheexpansionofmilitaryforces”与原文意思不符。选项D“preventtheexpansionofpower”也与原文意思不符。'InProf.Hoffmann’swords,therewasasmallernumberofotherimmigrantswhowereRomanCatholicsandtheytendedtodivideupalong___________intermsofwhatkindofreligiontheywere.

A:thecoastalareas(indifferentcolonies)B:themountainareasC:thegrasslandareasD:theinlandareas答案:AI参考:在霍夫曼教授的话中，有一些其他移民是罗马天主教徒，他们倾向于根据自己所信仰的宗教来划分。根据选项，正确的应该是描述宗教分布的沿海地区。因此，正确答案是A：thecoastalareas(indifferentcolonies)。'AsLt.GenorLieutenantGeneralLeslieBrownsays:“We_______________toperform,thatistofightandwin.Andwemustdoitbetterthananyoneelseintheworld.”

A:haveonlyonedreamB:haveonlyonemissionC:haveonlyoneteamD:haveonlyoneearth答案:AI参考:正确答案是：B:haveonlyonemission。\n这句话的意思是：正如莱斯利·布朗中将所说：“我们只有一个使命，那就是战斗并赢得胜利，我们必须比世界上任何人都做得更好。”根据这句话的意思可知，此处用“mission”表示“使命”更合适。因此，答案为B。\n\n其他选项的意思和语境不符，A项“只有梦想”、C项“只有一个团队”、D项“只有地球”都与这句话的意思不符。'AsfarastheUSwasconcerned,itturnedinwardonceagainafterWWI,asawaveofisolationistfeelingsweptthewholenationdueto_______________in1929,whichhurledtheU.S.andtheWesternindustrializedworldintotheGreatDepressionofthe1930s.

A:theWallStreetCrashB:theFifthAvenueCrashC:theConstitutionAvenueCrashD:thePennsylvaniaAvenueCrash答案:AI参考:正确答案是A：theWallStreetCrash。\n本题中提到由于1929年的华尔街崩溃（WallStreetCrash）导致一股孤立主义情绪席卷全国，从而使得美国再次转向内，把美国和西方工业化国家卷入20世纪30年代的大萧条中。因此，根据上下文语境，可以确定答案为A。B、C、D选项与上下文无关，故不正确。'AsProf.Hoffmanndescribes,thefirstWorldWarwascontroversialeven________.Itisknownforbeingavery,verynastywarwherelotsofliveswerelostandsoldiersdiedofdiseaseandfightinginthetrenches.

A:inAfricaB:inOceaniaC:inEuropeD:inAsia答案:AI参考:正确选项是C:inEurope。\n\n根据题目中提到的“AsProf.Hoffmanndescribes，thefirstWorldWarwascontroversialeven________”，可以推断出答案应该是在欧洲。因为第一世界大战是在欧洲爆发的，而题目中也提到了战争在欧洲的历史影响，包括很多人失去了生命、士兵死于疾病和堑壕战的战斗。因此，选项C是正确的。选项A、B、D都与题目描述不符。'IntheUS,manypeoplefeltthatthewarinIraqwasveryunpopular.TheyfeltthatwasnotrightforAmericatogetinvolved___________.AndmanyfeltspecialsympathyfortheCindySheehan,wholosthersoninthatwar.

A:intheMiddleEastB:inNorthAfricaC:intheCaribbeanregionD:intheCentralAmerica答案:AI参考:正确选项是A:intheMiddleEast。\n\n根据句子中的信息，许多人在美国认为伊拉克战争非常不受欢迎，因此美国不应该参与中东地区的事情。因此，选项A“中东地区”符合语境。选项B“北非”、选项C“加勒比地区”和选项D“中美洲”都不符合语境。'TheVicePresidentinAmericasupportsthePresident.IfthePresidentisunabletoserve,theVicePresidentwillbecome_____________andcanserveanunlimitednumberoffour-yeartermsasVicePresident,evenunderadifferentpresident.

A:aPresidentthroughtheelectionB:agovernorinoneoftheUSstatesC:aSecretaryofStateinsteadD:aPresidentautomatically答案:AI参考:正确选项：D:aPresidentautomatically。\n\n根据题目中的描述，副总统在美国支持总统，如果总统无法履行职责，副总统将自动成为总统，可以无限期地担任副总统职务，担任四年的任期。因此，选项D“自动成为总统”是正确答案。其他选项不符合题目中的描述。'IttookmorethanacenturyfortheBritishtoestablishthe_________alongtheAtlanticcoastwiththreeregions:theNortheasterncolonies,theMiddlecolonies,andtheSoutherncolonies.

A:15coloniesB:13coloniesC:12coloniesD:14colonies答案:AI参考:正确答案是B:13colonies。\n句子中提到英国花了超过一个世纪的时间才在大西洋沿岸建立了三个地区，即东北殖民地、中部殖民地和南部殖民地，所以答案为B，即13个殖民地。'InProf.Hoffmann’sopinion,duetothemanufactureofautomobiles,Americawasoneofthefirstcountriestomassproduceautomobiles______________.

A:atanunaffordablerateB:atanaffordablerateC:atanaturalrateD:atanirregularrate答案:AI参考:正确答案是：B:atanaffordablerate。\n句意：在霍夫曼教授看来，由于汽车制造业的发展，美国成为最早以可承受的价格大量生产汽车的国家之一。atanaffordablerate可承受的价格，故选B。'Currently,thereare____________ofmilitarypeopleinAmerica,liketheactivedutyorthefull-timesoldier,veteransandpastmembersofthemilitary.

A:threegeneraltypesB:fivegeneraltypesC:twogeneraltypesD:fourgeneraltypes答案:AI参考:正确答案是D：fourgeneraltypes。\n根据题干中的关键词“currently”和“thereare”可知，本题考查现在的情况，根据选项可知D项“fourgeneraltypes”符合题意，表示目前美国有四种类型的军人，即现役军人、全职士兵、退伍军人和军队过去的成员。因此，D项是正确答案。其他选项中的数字与题干中的“currently”不符，因此排除。'Besides___________settlers,otherswhocametothis“NewWorld”werefromNetherlands,Sweden,Germany,France,Scotland,andNorthernIreland.

A:BelgianandGermanB:FinnishandDanishC:SpanishandEnglishD:ItalianandPortuguese答案:AI参考:正确选项是【C:SpanishandEnglish】。\n\n根据句子结构和语境，这句话的意思是除了定居者之外，来到这个“新世界”的人还包括来自荷兰、瑞典、德国、法国、苏格兰和北爱尔兰的人。因此，西班牙和英国应该是选项中提到的两个国家。选项A中的比利时和德国与句子中的荷兰相矛盾，选项B中的芬兰和丹麦与句子中的瑞典和德国相矛盾，选项D中的意大利和葡萄牙与句子中的法国和苏格兰相矛盾。因此，只有选项C中的西班牙和英国符合语境。'Prof.HoffmannsaidthattheearlyAmericansneededtofightsortofontheground,sotheyestablishedtheUSArmyfirst.Then,thesecondoldestbranch,somewouldsaytheoldest,butthesecond