人教版中考二轮复习课件专题7第2节形容词和副词的级

第2节形容词和副词的级1.语法填空。根据下面对话内容和提示,在对话的空格处填上一个语法最恰当的词,使对话完整、通顺。A:Howmanysiblingsdoyouhave,Lucy?B:Ihavetwosiblings,onebrotherandonesister.Mysister,Jill,iso

①

thanme.Felixistheo

②

.Iamast

③

asmybrother.

A:Oh,Ithoughtyoursisterwas

④

thanyou!Youaremucht

⑤

thanher.

B:Howaboutyou?Doyouhaveanybrothersorsisters?2.知识回顾。(1)上面对话中,加黑的单词或短语及填写的单词体现了形容词和副词的三种“级”,它们分别是

原级

(如空格③)、

比较级

(如空格①、④、⑤)和

最高级

(如空格②、⑥、⑦、⑧、⑨、⑩)。

(2)从对话中我们可以发现,比较级是

两者之间

进行比较,常见的标志词是

than

。最高级是

三者及以上

进行比较,最高级前面常常会有定冠词

the

。

考点1

形容词和副词比较等级的变化规则(一)规则变化音节规则变化情况单音节和部分双音节一般情况在词尾加er/estgreat-greater-greatestnear-nearer-nearestyoung-younger-youngestslow-slower-slowest以字母e结尾的词,在词尾加r/stlarge-larger-largestlate-later-latestfine-finer-finest音节规则变化情况单音节和部分双音节重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写这个辅音字母,再加er/esthot-hotter-hottestthin-thinner-thinnestbig-bigger-biggestfat-fatter-fattest以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,先把“y”改为“i”,再加er/esteasy-easier-easiestbusy-busier-busiestearly-earlier-earliestfunny-funnier-funniest音节规则变化情况多音节和部分双音节在词前加more或mostbeautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautifulcareful-morecareful-mostcarefulinteresting-moreinteresting-mostinterestingcomfortable-morecomfortable-mostcomfortable(二)不规则变化

原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest(三)特殊情况①有两种比较级和最高级的变化方式clever-cleverer/moreclever-cleverest/mostcleverfunny-funnier/morefunny-funniest/mostfunnyfriendly-friendlier/more

friendly-friendliest/mostfriendly②重读闭音节情况(含字母组合,且发长元音不用双写)new-newer-newestslow-slower-slowestfew-fewer-fewestclean-cleaner-cleanest③由现在分词和过去分词演变的形容词、不规则动词只能+more/mostinteresting-moreinteresting-most

interestingexcited-moreexcited-mostexcitedtired-moretired-mosttiredboring-moreboring-mostboring(二)否定句中A+be动词+notas/so+形容词的原级+as+B或A+助动词/情态动词+not+动词原形as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+B

“A不如B……”Thisjacketisn’tas/socheapasthatone.Shedoesn’thaveas/somanybooksasIhave.

Henry

doesn’t

study

as/so

hard

as

his

elder

brother.

亨利不如他哥哥学得努力。(三)表示倍数用“A+动词+倍数+as+adj./adv.+as+B”结构。如:Yourroomistwiceasbigasmine/myroom.Theriveristhreetimesaswideasthatone.

The

plane

flew

five

times

as

high

as

the

bird.

那架飞机的飞行高度是那只鸟的5倍。考点3

形容词和副词比较级的用法(一)比较级常用句型1.“A+动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+B”,表示“A比B更……”。如:这棵树比那棵树高。Irunfasterthanhe/him.我跑得比他快。Hewrites

more

carefully

thanher.

他写得比她认真。2.表示两者之间“哪个更……”用“Whichis+比较级,…or…?”。如:Whichislonger,thisoneorthatone?哪个更长,这个还是那个?4.“the+比较级+主语+谓语,the+比较级+主语+谓语”表示“越……,就越……”。如:Theolderyouare,theweakeryouwillbe.你年纪越大,身体就会越弱。ThebetterIknowhim,themoreIlikehim.我越了解他,就越喜欢他。

The

more

careful

youareintheexam,

the

fewer

mistakesyouwillmake.在考试中,你越细心,出错就越少。

5.“A+be动词/实义动词+the+比较级+ofthetwo”表示“两者中比较……的一个”。Sheisthetallerofthetwogirls.她是这两个女孩中更高的那一个。

Lilydances

the

better

of

the

two

students

.

莉莉是这两个学生中跳舞跳得较好的。6.“A+be动词/实义动词+倍数+比较级+than+B”表示“A比B大/高/宽……倍”。Thisgardenisfourtimesbiggerthanthatone.这个花园比那个花园大四倍。7.“A+be动词/实义动词+比较级+than+anyother+可数名词单数”或“A+be动词/实义动词+比较级+than+theother+可数名词复数”表示“A比其他任何一个都……”(比较级结构表示最高级含义)。ChongqingwashotterthananyothercityinChinayesterday.=ChongqingwashotterthantheothercitiesinChinayesterday.昨天,重庆比中国的任何一个城市都热。Heistallerthananyotherboyinhisclass.=

He

is

taller

than

the

other

boys

in

his

class.

(二)比较级前的修饰语比较级前可用much,alot,alittle,abit,far,even等词来修饰,加强语气。但不可用very/so修饰,very和so修饰原级。如:YaoMingismuchtallerthanI.姚明比我高得多。Yourschoolbagisalittle(abit)biggerthanmine.你的书包比我的大一点。Todayismuchcolderthanyesterday.今天比昨天冷得多。MeimeididevenworsethanLucy.梅梅做得甚至比露西更糟。Wemustmakeourlifebetter.我们一定要使我们的生活更加美好。

She

is

a

lot/much

cleverer

than

I

am.

她比我聪明得多。考点4

形容词和副词最高级的用法形容词、副词最高级是对三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较。详细用法见下表:主要句型例句特别提醒A+…the+最高级+in(of,among)…“在某范围之内A最……”ChinaisthelargestcountryinAsia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。Heisthemostcreativeofthethreeboys.他是这三个男孩中最有创新力的。Sherunsthe

fastest

inourclass.

她是我们班跑得最快的。of(among)后跟与句子主语同类的名词或代词;而in后跟表示范围的名词,与句子主语不同类。试比较:Heistheshortestof/amongthethreeboys.他是这三个男孩中最矮的。Heistheshortestboyintheclass.他是班上最矮的男孩。形容词最高级前如果有形容词性物主代词,不用the。但副词的最高级前可以不用the。主要句型例句特别提醒A+…oneofthe+最高级+复数名词“A是最……的之一”TheGreatWallisoneofthemostpopularplacesofinterestinChina.长城是中国最受欢迎的名胜古迹之一。Chinaisoneofthe

largest

countries

intheworld.

中国是世界上最大的国家之一。oneof后的名词要用复数形式。主要句型例句特别提醒…the+序数词+最高级+单数名词+in+范围“在某范围内是第几……的……”TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinourcountry.黄河是我国的第二长河。Heisthe

third

tallest

studentinhisclass.

他是他班第三高的学生。

主要句型例句特别提醒Which(Who)+…(the)+最高级,A,BorC?“A、B或C中,哪个/谁最……”WhichisthemostdifficultinBookOne,Lesson1,Lesson2orLesson3?在第一册中,哪一课最难,第一课,第二课还是第三课?

Who

jumps

the

highest

in

your

class

Tom,MikeorJim?你们班上谁跳得最高,汤姆,迈克还是吉姆?

主要句型例句特别提醒A+…the+最高级+thatIhaveever+seen/heard/read.“A是我所见过的/听过的/读过的最……的……”ThisisthemostbeautifulpicturethatIhaveeverseen.这是我曾见过的最美的画。

That

is

the

saddest

story

that

I

have

ever

heard.

那是我听过的最悲伤的故事了。否定副词never也可用在从句的动词前,如:ShestudiesthehardestthatIhaveneverseenbefore.她学习之努力,是我以前从未见过的。考点5

形容词和副词比较级句型和最高级句型之间的转换这支钢笔比那支短。Thispenisnotas/solongasthatone.=Thispenisshorterthanthatone.他是我们班最高的学生。Heisthetalleststudentinourclass.=Heistallerthananyotherstudentinourclass.=Heistallerthantheotherstudentsinourclass.=Heistallerthantheothersinourclass.=Heistallerthananybody/anyoneelseinourclass.=Nobody/Nooneelseistallerthanhiminourclass.这本字典是书橱中最古老的。(至少写三种)

This

dictionary

is

the

oldest

one

in

the

bookshelf.

This

dictionary

is

older

than

any

other

dictionary

in

the

bookshelf.

This

dictionary

is

older

than

the

other

dictionaries

in

the

bookshelf.

This

dictionary

is

older

than

the

others

in

the

bookshelf.

考点6

形容词和副词比较级和最高级注意事项

注意点例句very,quite,rather不能用于比较级前,只能用在原级前(×)Thisroomisverylargerthanthatone.(√)Thisroomismuchlargerthanthatone.这间屋子比那间大很多。(×)Thatbridgeisratherlongerthanthisone.(√)Thatbridgeisalotlongerthanthisone.那座桥比这座长得多。注意点例句被比较的对象要与句子主语属于同一类别的人或物(×)ThepopulationofIndiaislargerthanChina.(√)ThepopulationofIndiaislargerthanthatofChina.印度比中国的人口多。(×)TheweatherinChongqingishotterthanHarbininsummer.(√)TheweatherinChongqingishotterthanthatinHarbininsummer.夏天,重庆的天气比哈尔滨热。注意点例句在同一范围内比较,应使用anyother,theother或theothers,避免主语重复比较;在不同范围内比较,使用any而不用other(×)Sheworksharderthananystudentinourclass.(√)Sheworksharderthananyotherstudentinourclass.(√)Sheworksharderthantheotherstudentsinourclass.(√)Sheworksharderthantheothersinourclass.她比班上其他同学学习都努力。(×)ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAfrica.(√)ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.中国比任何一个非洲国家都大。Ⅰ.单项选择。(

D

)1.Protectingourselvesisoneof

thingswemustdo.

A.importantB.moreimportantC.mostimportantD.themostimportant(

B

)2.Royisagreatdancer.Hedances

thanothers.

A.beautifully

B.morebeautifullyC.lessbeautifully D.mostbeautifully(

A

)3.Tonycan’tswimas

ashisfrien